960 research outputs found
Spin Fluctuations in Magnetically Coupled Bi-layer Cuprates
We propose a possible mechanism of pseudo spin gap anomaly(PSGA) in
magnetically coupled bi-layer cuprates without any fermion pairing instability.
In our proposal PSGA does not necessarily require the spin-charge separation or
the breakdown of the Fermi liquid description of a normal state of the cuprate
superconductor.The low energy magnetic excitations are mainly governed by the
{\it itinerant nature of the intra-layer system} and {\it the inter-layer
antiferromagnetic coupling}. No matter how weak the bare inter-layer coupling
is, it can be dramatically enhanced due to the intra-layerspin fluctuations. As
the temperature decreases near the antiferromagnetic phase boundary the
strongly enhanced inter-layer correlation induces the inter-layer particle-hole
exchange scattering processes that tend to enhance the inter-layer spin singlet
formation and kill the triplet formation. We propose that the coupling of spin
fluctuations on the adjacend layers via the strong repulsive interaction
between parallel spins travelling on each layer give rise to the dynamical
screening effects. As a result the low energy part of the spin excitation
spectrum is strongly suppressed as the temperature decreases near the
antiferromagnetic phase boundary. We ascribe PSGA to this dynamical screening
effects.Comment: 30 page, latex, figures are available upon reques
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 as a biomarker for detection of early liver disease
Study identifying an Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 as a biomarker for detection of early liver disease presented at the annual congress of the british toxicology societ
Coexistence of double-Q spin density wave and multi-Q pair density wave in cuprate oxide superconductors
Spatial 4a x 4a modulations, with a the lattice constant of CuO_2 planes, or
the so called checkerboards can arise from double-Q spin density wave (SDW)
with Q_1 = (pm pi/a, pm 3 pi/4a) and Q_2 = (pm 3 pi/4a, pm pi/a). When multi-Q
pair density wave, that is, the condensation of d gamma-wave Cooper pairs with
zero total momenta, pm 2Q_1, pm 2Q_2, pm 4Q_1, pm 4Q_2, and so on is induced by
the SDW, gaps can have fine structures similar to those of the so called
zero-temperature pseudogaps.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Oxidative stress via hydrogen peroxide and menadione does not induce the secretion of IGFBP-5 in primary rat hepatocytes
Conference abstract describing how oxidative stress via hydrogen peroxide and menadione does not induce the secretion of IGFBP-5 in primary rat hepatocytes. Presented at the 2010 annual congress of the british toxicology societ
Hyperfine Interactions in the Heavy Fermion CeMIn_5 Systems
The CeMIn_5 heavy fermion compounds have attracted enormous interest since
their discovery six years ago. These materials exhibit a rich spectrum of
unusual correlated electron behavior, and may be an ideal model for the high
temperature superconductors. As many of these systems are either
antiferromagnets, or lie close to an antiferromagnetic phase boundary, it is
crucial to understand the behavior of the dynamic and static magnetism. Since
neutron scattering is difficult in these materials, often the primary source of
information about the magnetic fluctuations is Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
(NMR). Therefore, it is crucial to have a detailed understanding of how the
nuclear moments interact with conduction electrons and the local moments
present in these systems. Here we present a detailed analysis of the hyperfine
coupling based on anisotropic hyperfine coupling tensors between nuclear
moments and local moments. Because the couplings are symmetric with respect to
bond axes rather than crystal lattice directions, the nuclear sites can
experience non-vanishing hyperfine fields even in high symmetry sites.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure
The Membrane-Associated Adaptor Protein DOK5 Is Upregulated in Systemic Sclerosis and Associated with IGFBP-5-Induced Fibrosis
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by excessive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs due to fibroblast proliferation and excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM). We have shown that insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-5 plays an important role in the development of fibrosis in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. We identified a membrane-associated adaptor protein, downstream of tyrosine kinase/docking protein (DOK)5, as an IGFBP-5-regulated target gene using gene expression profiling of primary fibroblasts expressing IGFBP-5. DOK5 is a tyrosine kinase substrate associated with intracellular signaling. Our objective was to determine the role of DOK5 in the pathogenesis of SSc and specifically in IGFBP-5-induced fibrosis. DOK5 mRNA and protein levels were increased in vitro by endogenous and exogenous IGFBP-5 in primary human fibroblasts. DOK5 upregulation required activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade. Further, IGFBP-5 triggered nuclear translocation of DOK5. DOK5 protein levels were also increased in vivo in mouse skin and lung by IGFBP-5. To determine the effect of DOK5 on fibrosis, DOK5 was expressed ex vivo in human skin in organ culture. Expression of DOK5 in human skin resulted in a significant increase in dermal thickness. Lastly, levels of DOK5 were compared in primary fibroblasts and lung tissues of patients with SSc and healthy donors. Both DOK5 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in fibroblasts and skin tissues of patients with SSc compared with those of healthy controls, as well as in lung tissues of SSc patients. Our findings suggest that IGFBP-5 induces its pro-fibrotic effects, at least in part, via DOK5. Furthermore, IGFBP-5 and DOK5 are both increased in SSc fibroblasts and tissues and may thus be acting in concert to promote fibrosis
Transport, magnetic and superconducting properties of RuSr2RCu2O8 (R= Eu, Gd) doped with Sn
Ru{1-x}Sn{x}Sr2EuCu2O8 and Ru{1-x}Sn{x}Sr2GdCu2O8 have been comprehensively
studied by microwave and dc resistivity and magnetoresistivity and by the dc
Hall measurements. The magnetic ordering temperature T_m is considerably
reduced with increasing Sn content. However, doping with Sn leads to only
slight reduction of the superconducting critical temperature T_c accompanied
with the increase of the upper critical field B_c2, indicating an increased
disorder in the system and a reduced scattering length of the conducting holes
in CuO2 layers. In spite of the increased scattering rate, the normal state
resistivity and the Hall resistivity are reduced with respect to the pure
compound, due to the increased number of itinerant holes in CuO2 layers, which
represent the main conductivity channel. Most of the electrons in RuO2 layers
are presumably localized, but the observed negative magnetoresistance and the
extraordinary Hall effect lead to the conclusion that there exists a small
number of itinerant electrons in RuO layers that exhibit colossal
magnetoresistance.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Opening of a pseudogap in a quasi-two dimensional superconductor due to critical thermal fluctuations
We examine the role of the anisotropy of superconducting critical thermal
fluctuations in the opening of a pseudogap in a quasi-two dimensional
superconductor such as a cuprate-oxide high-temperature superconductor. When
the anisotropy between planes and their perpendicular axis is large enough and
its superconducting critical temperature T_c is high enough, the fluctuations
are much developed in its critical region so that lifetime widths of
quasiparticles are large and the energy dependence of the selfenergy deviates
from that of Landau's normal Fermi liquids. A pseudogap opens in such a
critical region because quasiparticle spectra around the chemical potential are
swept away due to the large lifetime widths. The pseudogap never smoothly
evolves into a superconducting gap; it starts to open at a temperature higher
than T_c while the superconducting gap starts to open just at T_c. When T_c is
rather low but the ratio of varepsilon_G(0)/k_BT_c, with varepsilon_G(0) the
superconducting gap at T=0K and k_B the Boltzmann constant, is much larger than
a value about 4 according to the mean-field theory, the pseudogap must be
closing as temperature T approaches to the low T_c because thermal fluctuations
become less developed as T decreases. Critical thermal fluctuations cannot
cause the opening of a prominent pseudogap in an almost isotropic three
dimensional superconductor, even if its T_c is high.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures (14 subfigures
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