Bowen’s Disease of the Nipple

Bowen’s disease is a type of intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma that commonly develops in areas of the skin exposed to sunlight, such as the scalp, trunk, and limbs. Although development of Bowen’s disease in other sites, such as the nipple, is extremely rare, we herein report our experience with one such case. A 76-year-old female presented to our hospital with complaints of right nipple pruritus. We diagnosed Bowen’s disease via nipple skin biopsy, and the patient underwent right nipple resection. The deep tissue margin was positive for malignancy; therefore, the patient subsequently underwent right partial mastectomy. Histopathology revealed tumor cells inside the lactiferous ducts, but the resection margin was negative for malignancy. Bowen’s disease of the nipple may progress from the skin to the lactiferous ducts. Clinical findings can be used to evaluate lesion progression and determine the necessary extent of skin and mammary gland resection

Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase governs cysteine polysulfidation and mitochondrial bioenergetics

Cysteine hydropersulfide (CysSSH) occurs in abundant quantities in various organisms, yet little is known about its biosynthesis and physiological functions. Extensive persulfide formation is apparent in cysteine-containing proteins in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells and is believed to result from post-translational processes involving hydrogen sulfide-related chemistry. Here we demonstrate effective CysSSH synthesis from the substrate l-cysteine, a reaction catalyzed by prokaryotic and mammalian cysteinyl-tRNA synthetases (CARSs). Targeted disruption of the genes encoding mitochondrial CARSs in mice and human cells shows that CARSs have a crucial role in endogenous CysSSH production and suggests that these enzymes serve as the principal cysteine persulfide synthases in vivo. CARSs also catalyze co-translational cysteine polysulfidation and are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics. Investigating CARS-dependent persulfide production may thus clarify aberrant redox signaling in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and suggest therapeutic targets based on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction

モンゴル ノウギョウ ニ オケル ユウキヒリョウ ト カガクヒリョウ ノ シュウリョウ ヘ ノ コウカ ノ ヒカク

モンゴルにおいて，施肥を行わない粗放的農地の拡大から土壌保全のための技術が求められている。そこでモンゴルの半乾燥地において，2010年から2013年にわたり行った，家畜糞を自給可能な肥料として使用する圃場試験について報告する。最初の圃場試験（Experiment-1）では，モンゴルで伝統的な粗放的農地管理下において，2010年から2012年にわたり，バレイショ，ライ麦，飼料用カブを家畜糞堆肥（ヤギおよび羊の糞）40 Mg ha－1y－1または化学肥料（90 kg ha－1y－1 of N, P2O5, and K2O）を使用して3年間栽培した。次の圃場試験（Experiment-2）では，より集約的に雑草除去を行う条件下で2013年に家畜糞堆肥を2ヶ月熟成したもの（2m-compost）および2年間熟成した堆肥（2y-compost）をそれぞれ20, 40, 60 Mg ha－1施用し，バレイショを栽培した。Experiment-1の結果，3年間の栽培において，土壌中可給態窒素量および収量は，ともに家畜糞堆肥において多く，化学肥料の施与効果は全く認められなかった。化学肥料の効果が認められなかった理由として，生育期間中の降水量の不足及び粗放的管理下における雑草によるストレスが考えられる。しかしながらExperiment-2の結果として，雑草除去を行う条件下では2y-compost施用下において無施肥区に比べ有意な収量増加が認められた。これは2y-compostの熟成期間が長くそれにより窒素含量も高かったことによると見られた。これらの結果から，モンゴルにおいて伝統的な粗放的農地管理下では，化学肥料，有機肥料の使用はともに収量向上に効果的でなく，一方で堆肥施肥は集約的な農地管理下で有効に収量を向上させうることが示された。In Mongolia, the rapid increase of extensive cropping areas without fertilization has created a serious need for land conservation technology. This paper describes the field study we conducted in a semi-arid region of Mongolia from 2010 to 2013 in which we used animal composts as a self-support fertilizer for two field experiments. In the first field experiment (Experiment-1), from 2010 to 2012, potato, rye, pea and turnip crops were cultivated in the compost plot with the application of animal compost (3-month matured dung of sheep and goats) of 40 Mg ha－1y－1, and in the NPK plot with the application of chemical fertilizer (90 kg ha－1y－1 of N, P2O5, and K2O) under traditional extensive land management without weed control. In the second field experiment (Experiment-2) in 2013, the effects of composts with different application amounts and maturing time were studied under weed control. The composts with a 2-year maturing time (2y-compost) and a 2-month maturing time (2m-compost) were applied in amounts of 20, 40, and 60 Mg ha－1 for potato and wheat. From the results of Experiment-1, during three years, we saw that the soil available-N values and crop yields tended to be higher for the compost plot and there was no effect from chemical fertilizer on crop yields. The low efficiency of chemical fertilizer might be due to insufficient precipitation and severe weed stress under extensive land management. However, the use of animal compost had an apparent positive effect in Experiment-2 with controlling the weed effect. We observed significantly higher yields for application of the 2y-compost compared to the control. The long maturing time compost was more effective to increase crop yields due to its higher N content. These results showed that the use of both chemical and organic fertilizer was not effective to increase crop production under the extensive cropping system traditionally used in Mongolia. Also it was shown that the compost application increases crop yield under intensive land management

ホッカイドウ ニ オイテ タイヒ ノ シヨウカ デ 3ネンカン リン カリウム ヲ ムセヒ ト シタ バアイ ノ サクモツシュウリョウ オヨビ ドジョウリカガクセイ ヘノ エイキョウ

北海道網走地域は北日本の最も重要な農業地帯の1つである。長期にわたる施肥によって同地域のほとんどの農耕地土壌には過剰に蓄積した可給態リン,カリウムが認められる。さらに,この地域では3年間に1回,およそ30Mgha^-^1の堆肥の施用によって,リンとカリウムが約450kg P_2O_5ha^-^1,780kg K_2Oha^-^1程度投入されている。この蓄積したリンおよびカリウムを利用し,リンとカリウムの減肥が可能であるかどうか評価するため,圃場試験を行った。テンサイ,バレイショ,コムギおよびオオムギを用いたこの地域内の典型的な輪作体系の中で栽培した。その際施肥条件として,i)慣行NPK施肥,ii)リン半量施肥;iii)無リン施肥;iv)無リン,無カリ施肥をそれぞれ設けた。試験圃場として,黒ボク土圃場2圃場(Urashibetsu A, B),灰色台地土圃場2圃場(Yasaka A, B)の4圃場を使用した。試験開始前(2008年)に堆肥30Mgha^-^1をUrashibetsu AおよびYasaka A圃場に施用した。Urashibetsu BおよびYasaka B圃場については,2007年と2010年に同様に堆肥30Mgha^-^1が施用されており,特にUrashibetsu B圃場には,2010年に緑肥としてエンバクが栽培され,鋤きこまれている。これら圃場において作物の収量,土壌中可給態リン酸,交換性カリウム含量及び形態別リン酸(Al 型P,Fe型P,Ca型P)を測定した。結果として,3年間の試験においてリンおよびカリウム無施肥による収量への影響はほとんど認められなかった。堆肥の施用により,3年間のリン,カリウム無施肥処理においても土壌の可給態リン酸,交換性カリウム含量の減少は認められなかった。堆肥の施用はまた,Urashibetsu AおよびYasaka A圃場においてCa型Pの増加および Fe型Pの減少をもたらした。以上の結果は堆肥の施用が有機体リンの供給源としてのみならず本来不可給態であるFe型Pの可給化によって土壌の可給態リンを増加させたことを示唆した。これらの結果から,リンおよびカリウムの減肥あるいは無施肥は堆肥の施用後に行うことが望ましいと考えられた。The Abashiri area in Hokkaido Prefecture is one of the most important agricultural areas in northern Japan. Due to long-term fertilization, most of the agricultural soil in this area has highly accumulated available P and K. In addition to this, typically about 450kg P_2O_5ha^-^1 and 780kg K_2Oha^-^1 have been applied with 30Mgha^-^1 of animal manure every three years. In order to assess the possibility of decreased P and K fertilization using this accumulated P and K, we evaluated the effects of three years of continuous low or no P and K fertilization on crop productivity by a field experiment. From 2009 to 2011, sugar beet, potato, wheat and barley were cultivated using the major crop rotation system in this area. Four fertilization methods were used: i) Conventional NPK application, ii) Half P fertilization; iii) No P fertilization; and iv) No P and no K fertilization. Two Andosol fields (Urashibetsu A, B) and two Cambisol fields (Yasaka A, B) were used for this study. 30Mgha^-^1 of manure was applied to Urashibetsu A and Yasaka A field before the experiment. For Urashibetsu B and Yasaka B field, the same amount of manure was applied in 2007 and 2010, respectively. Especially in Urashibetsu B field, in 2010, oat was cultivated as green manure and plowed back into the field. The crop yield, soil available P and exchangeable K amounts, soil P fractions (Al bound P, Fe bound P, Ca bound P) were measured. As a result, almost no significant effects of P/K fertilization on crop yield were observed during three years. Due to manure application, soil available P and exchangeable K amount did not decrease because of the three years of no P and no K application. Manure application for Urashibetsu A and Yasaka A fields also increased Ca bound P fraction and decreased Fe bound P fraction. These results suggested that manure application increased soil P availability not only as an organic P source but also as a contributor to Fe bound P utilization. From these results, we considered that decreased or no P/K fertilization method should be started the next year after manure application in Abashiri area

リポイド肺炎を呈した縦隔型肺癌の1例

In Japanese literature only 15 cases of lipoid pneumonia have been found, including this one. Fifty-eight-year-old female was referred to Okayama Red-cross Hospital because of non-productive cough. Exploratory thoracotomy with working diagnosis of mediastihal tumor was done and revealed mediastinal type of squamous cell carcinoma in the lung, accompanied by lipoid pneumonia in the right lower lobe

乳腺細網肉腫の1例

This article is to report a case of reticulosarcoma in the breast. It is very rare disease and only ten cases, including this one, have been reported in Japan. Fity-year-old female was referred to Okayama Red-cross Hospital because of mass formation in the left breast. Left radical mastectomy was performed with diagnosis of breast canccr, followed by x-ray irradiation and Tespamin administration, But she died of retroperitoneal, cerebral and cervical metastases in the 50th postoperative day

Intramammary Metastasis in a Patient with a History of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report

Intramammary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is extremely rare, accounting for only 1.5% of all intramammary metastases. Distinguishing intramammary metastases from benign tumors and breast cancer is clinically problematic. Some patients undergo excessive surgery after a misdiagnosis of breast cancer instead of a mammary tumor. We performed a core needle biopsy (CNB) of a breast mass that developed in a 71-year-old woman after surgeries for bilateral RCC and breast cancer, leading to a diagnosis of intramammary metastasis of RCC. In this case, the CNB and immunohistochemical examination were critical for reaching a definitive diagnosis. We conclude that, when examining patients with mammary tumors, establishing their history of malignant tumors may help diagnose intramammary metastasis and select the best treatment strategy