A Game Theoretical Analysis of Tariff Policy in an International Duopoly Market and Global Emissions: Stackelberg Model

本稿は、貿易自由化が環境汚染排出に与える影響について、クールノー型国際複占競争モデルを用いて分析したBeladi and Oladi（2011）［Resource and Energy Economics 33 (1): 172-78］の研究をシュタッケルベルグ競争モデルに拡張した。得られた結果は以下のとおりである。貿易自由化が自国企業の汚染排出量を減少させ、その一方で外国企業の汚染排出量を拡大させる。結果として、世界全体の汚染排出量を拡大・減少させることになる。特に、外国企業の汚染排出技術が自国企業の同技術よりも効率的であれば、貿易の自由化は世界全体の汚染排出量を減少させる。本稿での分析の結果、クールノー競争や外国企業が先手の場合に比べて、自国企業が先手の場合、より広いパラメータ領域において世界全体の汚染排出量が減少することが明らかになった

PALF: Pre-Annotation and Camera-LiDAR Late Fusion for the Easy Annotation of Point Clouds

3D object detection has become indispensable in the field of autonomous driving. To date, gratifying breakthroughs have been recorded in 3D object detection research, attributed to deep learning. However, deep learning algorithms are data-driven and require large amounts of annotated point cloud data for training and evaluation. Unlike 2D image labels, annotating point cloud data is difficult due to the limitations of sparsity, irregularity, and low resolution, which requires more manual work, and the annotation efficiency is much lower than 2D image.Therefore, we propose an annotation algorithm for point cloud data, which is pre-annotation and camera-LiDAR late fusion algorithm to easily and accurately annotate. The contributions of this study are as follows. We propose (1) a pre-annotation algorithm that employs 3D object detection and auto fitting for the easy annotation of point clouds, (2) a camera-LiDAR late fusion algorithm using 2D and 3D results for easily error checking, which helps annotators easily identify missing objects, and (3) a point cloud annotation evaluation pipeline to evaluate our experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the annotating speed by 6.5 times and the annotation quality in terms of the 3D Intersection over Union and precision by 8.2 points and 5.6 points, respectively; additionally, the miss rate is reduced by 31.9 points

Pretreatment of Paper Sludge with Rumen Fluid to Enhance Biogas Production

Poster Presentation

Methane Production Using Cattle Rumen Fluids and Its Application to Reduce Volume of Radiation-polluted Biomass

Poster Presentatio

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Rapeseed Waste by Rumen Fluid for Methane Production

Poster Sessio

医薬品の生物学的作用の予測手法に関する研究

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A robust phylogenetic hypothesis of euthyneuran gastropods, as a basis to reconstructing their evolutionary history, is still hindered by several groups of aberrant, more or less worm-like slugs with unclear phylogenetic relationships. As a traditional "order" in the Opisthobranchia, the Acochlidia have a long history of controversial placements, among others influenced by convergent adaptation to the mainly meiofaunal habitats. The present study includes six out of seven acochlidian families in a comprehensive euthyneuran taxon sampling with special focus on minute, aberrant slugs. Since there is no fossil record of tiny, shell-less gastropods, a molecular clock was used to estimate divergence times within Euthyneura.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our multi-locus molecular study confirms Acochlidia in a pulmonate relationship, as sister to Eupulmonata. Previous hypotheses of opisthobranch relations, or of a common origin with other meiofaunal Euthyneura, are clearly rejected. The enigmatic amphibious and insectivorous Aitengidae <it>incerta sedis </it>clusters within Acochlidia, as sister to meiofaunal and brackish Pseudunelidae and limnic Acochlidiidae. Euthyneura, Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata as traditionally defined are non-monophyletic. A relaxed molecular clock approach indicates a late Palaeozoic diversification of Euthyneura and a Mesozoic origin of the major euthyneuran diversity, including Acochlidia.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The present study shows that the inclusion of small, enigmatic groups is necessary to solve deep-level phylogenetic relationships, and underlines that "pulmonate" and "opisthobranch" phylogeny, respectively, cannot be solved independently from each other. Our phylogenetic hypothesis requires reinvestigation of the traditional classification of Euthyneura: morphological synapomorphies of the traditionally defined Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia are evaluated in light of the presented phylogeny, and a redefinition of major groups is proposed. It is demonstrated that the invasion of the meiofaunal habitat has occurred several times independently in various euthyneuran taxa, leading to convergent adaptations previously misinterpreted as synapomorphies. The inclusion of Acochlidia extends the structural and biological diversity in pulmonates, presenting a remarkable flexibility concerning habitat choice.</p

CaF_2 : Tm, Tbの熱蛍光特性

Themoluminescence(TL)properties of calcium fluoride CaF_2 doped with Tm^, Tb^ ions have been studied in the range from 30 to 300 ℃ after X-ray and ultraviolet(UV) irradiation. It is found that the TL intensity from the sintered CaF_2 doped with Tm_2O_3 became stronger by addition of Tb_4O_7. It is also found that the shape of TL glow curve of sintered CaF_2: Tm, Tb for X-irradiation is different from that of TL glow curve for UV-irradiation

Clonazepam serum levels in epileptic patients determined simply and rapidly by high-performance liquid chromatography using a solid-phase extraction column.

We studied the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), using a solid phase extraction column (Bond Elut cartridge column), for the simple, rapid and sensitive determination of serum clonazepam levels in epileptic patients. Extracted aliquots were analyzed by HPLC, using a reverse phase ODS column (mu-Bondapak C18). The analytical mean recovery of clonazepam added to the blank serum averaged 99.9%. The detection limit was as high as approximately 2 ng/ml in the serum. The reproducibilities were 2.3-8.6 CV % in the within-day assay and 6.5 CV % in the between-day assay, indicating that the analysis method was effective in the determination of clonazepam serum levels. Accordingly, we suggest that the present method, using a solid phase extraction column, may be useful for the routine monitoring of clonazepam serum levels in epileptic patients.&#60;/P&#62;</p