レナラーゼの運動時における血中、臓器、および骨格筋の変動に関する研究

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

Superficial siderosis associated with aceruloplasminemia. Case report

A 63-year-old woman with a past history of right subdural hematoma (SDH) at the age of 61 years was referred to our hospital under a suspicion of aceruloplasminemia (ACP). A neurological examination revealed very mild cognitive impairment and cerebellar ataxia. Blood chemistry data showed deficient ceruloplasmin (Cp), decreased copper, and increased ferritin. A nonsense mutation (c.2630G > A, p.Trp858Ter) was detected in the Cp gene. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed marked hypointensity at the surface of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem bilaterally, in addition to the bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus, and dentate nucleus, suggesting the coexistence of ACP and superficial siderosis (SS). The characteristics of SS in ACP have not been examined neuroradiologically or neuropathologically in great detail, while SDH and its curative surgery are known to cause SS. The distribution of the hypointensity areas on MRI was expanded bilaterally to the subtentorial areas of this patient, which was much more widespread than observed in typical SS after SDH. We speculate that the underlying ACP may expand the SS induced by SDH. Cp would accelerate iron export from the brain via the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, or CSF-brain barrier when excessive iron is loaded into the subarachnoid space.ArticleJOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES. 339(41641):231-234 (2014)journal articl

Dicer Functions in Aquatic Species

Dicer is an RNase III enzyme with two catalytic subunits, which catalyzes the cleavage of double-stranded RNA to small interfering RNAs and micro-RNAs, which are mainly involved in invasive nucleic acid defense and endogenous genes regulation. Dicer is abundantly expressed in embryos, indicating the importance of the protein in early embryonic development. In addition, Dicer is thought to be involved in defense mechanism against foreign nucleic acids such as viruses. This paper will mainly focus on the recent progress of Dicer-related research and discuss potential RNA interference pathways in aquatic species

レナラーゼの運動時における血中、臓器、および骨格筋の変動に関する研究

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

Characterization of the human herpesvirus 6A U23 gene

AbstractHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), which replicates abundantly in T cells, belongs to the Roseolovirus genus within the betaherpesvirus subfamily. Members of the Roseolovirus genus encode seven unique genes, U20, U21, U23, U24, U24A, U26, and U100. The present study focused on one of these, U23, by analyzing the characteristics of its gene product in HHV-6A-infected cells. The results indicated that the U23 protein was expressed at the late phase of infection as a glycoprotein, but was not incorporated into virions, and mostly stayed within the trans Golgi network (TGN) in HHV-6A-infected cells. Furthermore, analysis using a U23-defective mutant virus showed that the gene is nonessential for viral replication in vitro

P3‐005: Effects of Aerobic, Resistance, or Combined Training on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152606/1/alzjjalz2016061662.pd

Towards a harmonized long‐term spaceborne record of far‐red solar induced fluorescence

Far‐red solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been retrieved from multiple satellites with nearly continuous global coverage since 1996. Multiple official and research‐grade retrievals provide a means for cross validation across sensors and algorithms, but produces substantial variation across products due to differences in instrument characteristics and retrieval algorithm. The lack of a consistent, calibrated SIF data set hampers scientific interpretation of planetary photosynthesis. NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO‐2) offers small sampling footprints, high data acquisition, and repeating spatially resolved targets at bioclimatically diverse locations, providing a unique benchmark for spaceborne sensors traceable to ground data. We leverage overlap between the longer running Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument version 2 (GOME‐2) SIF time series, and more recent state‐of‐the‐art OCO‐2 and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) data, in a first attempt to reconcile inconsistencies in the long‐term record. After screening and correcting for key instrument differences (time of day, wavelength, Sun‐sensor geometry, cloud effects, footprint area), we find that Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument version 2 and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument perform exceedingly well in capturing spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability across OCO‐2 targets. However, Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument version 2 retrieval methods differ by up to a factor of 2 in signal‐to‐noise and magnitude. Magnitude differences are largely attributed to retrieval window choice, with wider windows producing higher magnitudes. The assumed SIF spectral shape has negligible effect. Substantial research is needed to understand remaining sensitivities to atmospheric absorption and reflectance. We conclude that OCO‐2 and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument have opened up the possibility to produce a multidecadal SIF record with well‐characterized uncertainty and error quantification for overlapping instruments, enabling back‐calibration of previous instruments and production of a consistent, research‐grade, harmonized time series

The Sensitivity of U.S. Surface Ozone Formation to NOx, and VOCs as Viewed from Space

We investigated variations in the sensitivity of surface ozone formation in summer to precursor species concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) as inferred from the ratio of tropospheric columns of formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The data indicate that ozone formation became: 1. more sensitive to NO(x) over most of the U.S, from 2005 to 2007 because of substantial decreases in NO(x) emissions primarily from stationary sources, and 2. more sensitive to NO(x) with increasing temperature, in part because emissions of highly reactive, biogenic isoprene increase with temperature, thus increasing the total VOC reactivity. Based on our interpretation of the data, current strategies implemented to reduce unhealthy levels of surface ozone should focus more on reducing NO(x) emissions, except in some downtown areas which have historically benefited from reductions in VOC emissions

Jumping to conclusion bias in adolescents with ASD

Background and Purpose: Jumping to conclusion (JTC)—a cognitive bias in thinking processes—leads to drawing conclusions based on little information, and could be related to psychosis and paranoia. While it has recently been pointed out that it could accompany the autism spectrum disorder (ASD), no interventions targeting this bias in adolescents with ASD have been reported. Therefore, this exploratory study investigated the effects of a group social cognition program on JTC bias in adolescents with ASD. Patients and Methods : Group rehabilitation using social cognition and interaction training (SCIT) was conducted for 12- to 18-year-old adolescents with ASD. An SCIT program comprehensively targets social cognitive functions, including interventions for JTC bias, and examines changes before and after the SCIT intervention, social cognitive functioning tasks, and subjective quality of life (QOL). Results : Thirteen adolescents with ASD participated in this program ; 10 (76.9%) stayed through it. The proportion of participants with JTC bias decreased significantly before and after SCIT (before : 7 / 10 ; after : 1 / 10 ; p = 0.041), and subjective QOL increased significantly (p = 0.014). Conclusion : The results show that a group social cognition program with a JTC bias approach improves the JTC bias and increases subjective QOL in adolescents with ASD