布に発生する微生物に関する研究(第1報) : 衛生加工布の抗菌効果について

供試衛生加工剤3種類で処理した木綿とナイロンについて,4種類の細菌に対する防菌効果と,処理布の洗たく時における処理効果の持続性について実験した。その結果を要約すると(1)衛生加工剤では,第4級アンモニウム化合物含有のものより,有機錫化合物含有のものが,微生物に対する阻止効果が大きく,特にStaphylococcus aureusに対する効果が著しい。第4級アンモニウム化合物含有の加工剤の0.5%溶液濃度では,Escherichia coliとProteus valgarisに対する阻止効果は殆んど認められない。(2)衛生加工処理効果を繊維別に見ると,ナイロンより木綿に対しその阻止効果が大きく現われている。(3)全自動洗濯機洗浄による細菌阻止力の減退は,サンニット#1000加工布が特に目立っている。本報告は昭和45年7月より9月の3ケ月間,鳥取大学医学部衛生学教室で研究したものである。本報告にあたり,懇切な御指導を頂きました滝田・住田の両先生ならびに御協力を得ました衛生学教室の皆様,さらに貴重な資料を頂き,研究の示唆を賜わりました大阪市立大学弓削治教授に深謝申し上げます

The diet and feeding behavior of the black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza) in the Kalinzu Forest, Uganda

One of the goals for primate feeding ecology is to understand the factors that affect inter- and intra-specific variations. Therefore, a detailed description of basic feeding ecology in as many populations as possible is necessary and warrants further understanding. The black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza) or guereza is widely distributed in Africa and is one of the well-studied colobines in terms of their feeding; they demonstrate considerable variation in their diets in response to local conditions. We studied the diet of a group of guerezas in the Kalinzu Forest, Uganda, for over 30 consecutive months using behavioral observation (4308 h in total), phenology, and vegetation surveys. A total of 31 plant species were consumed by the study group. This study group was predominantly folivorous; the majority of their feeding time was involved in feeding on young leaves (87%). However, during certain times of the year, fruits and seeds accounted for 45% of monthly feeding time. Young leaves of Celtis durandii were by far the most important food, which constituted 58% of the total feeding records. There was a significant increase in the consumption of fruits and flowers once young leaf availability was low, but their consumption of fruits did not significantly increase even when fruit availability was high. Their monthly dietary diversity increased as the number of available plants with young leaves declined, suggesting that much of the dietary diversity in the study group may be attributable to the young leaf portion of their diet. Our findings may help contribute to a better understanding of the dietary adaptations and feeding ecology of guerezas in response to local environmental conditions

Base-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of Aliphatic Diazirines for Photoaffinity Labeling

Aliphatic diazirines have been widely used as prominent photophores for photoaffinity labeling owing to their relatively small size which can reduce the steric effect on the natural interaction between ligands and proteins. Based on our continuous efforts to develop efficient methods for the synthesis of aliphatic diazirines, we present here a comprehensive study about base-mediated one-pot synthesis of aliphatic diazirines. It was found that potassium hydroxide (KOH) can also promote the construction of aliphatic diazirine with good efficiency. Importantly, KOH is cheaper, highly available, and easily handled and stored compared with the previously used base, potassium tert-butoxide (t-BuOK). Gram-scale study showed that it owned great advantages in being used for the large-scale production of aliphatic diazirines. This protocol is highly neat and the desired products can be easily isolated and purified. As the first comprehensive study of the base-mediated one-pot synthesis of aliphatic diazirines, this work provided good insight into the preparation and utilization of diazirine-based photoaffinity labeling probes

Study of life satisfaction and quality of life of patients receiving home oxygen therapy

An investigation was conducted by mail using a questionnaire regarding the life satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) of patients receiving home oxygen therapy (HOT) to evaluate their support. QOL was evaluated according to 4 scales : (1) activities, (2) state of health and quality of living, (3) physical symptoms, and (4) economic state. The answers of 90 patients (recovery rate : 60%) who responded to the investigation were analyzed, and the following points were clarified. 1. Most of the subjects visited the hospital regularly, and about half the subjects (50.6%) had been treated by hospitalization during the 3 years prior to the investigation. 2. A large majority of the subjects (77.4%) answered they were satisfied with life. 3. Life satisfaction was closely related to the patients’ roles and hobbies, and their activities in their communities and families. 4. The quality of living and the state of health were closely related to mental activity. 5. The economic state was closely related to all items of life satisfaction, quality of living, and state of health. From these results, expansion of the range of activities of patients receiving HOT and providing an economic basis for their living as well as preventing exacerbation of the disease are considered to be important for improving their life satisfaction

Home nursing skills of the registered visiting nursing stations

本研究の目的は，T県内の訪問看護ステーション（以下ステーション）に所属する看護師が実施している看護技術の実態を明らかにすることである．研究対象は，T県において登録されているステーション５７ヵ所の管理者であった．調査票の郵送により４段階の選択肢による回答を求め，以下のことが明らかになった． １）回答のあった４１ヵ所のステーションで１ヵ月に１度以上実施していた項目は「日常生活援助技術」では，関節可動域訓練，歩行介助，移動の介助，寝衣交換などの衣生活援助であった．「適切な医療ケアを支援する技術」ではバイタルサインの観察であった．「安全・安楽援助技術」では適切な体位の保持であった． ２）「日常生活援助技術」では，回答のあったステーションの９０％以上が１ヵ月に１度以上実施していた項目は，療養生活環境調整，排便を促す援助，オムツ交換，体位変換，移乗の介助，部分浴，入浴介助，清拭，陰部ケア，整容，洗髪，口腔ケアであった． ３）「適切な医療ケアを支援する技術」では，８０％以上のステーションが１ヵ月に１度以上実施していた項目は褥瘡ケア（予防も含む），創傷処置，経口薬の服薬方法の説明，外用薬の使用方法の説明，パルスオキシメータであった． ４）「安全・安楽援助技術」では，８０％以上のステーションが１ヵ月に１度以上実施していた項目は療養生活の安全確保，転倒・転落・外傷予防，マッサージであった． ５）救命・救急に関する項目については実施頻度が低かった． 教育上の課題としては，実施頻度が高い項目においては，訪問先の状況に応じた実施ができるように学内演習を進める必要がある．また，臨地での経験が困難と予測される項目や救急時の技術，高度な医療技術項目については視聴覚機器を活用し，知識面での理解を深める必要があると考えられた．Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the study items of home nursing skills of the registered Visiting Nursing Stations（VNS）. Method : The questionnaire survey was mailed to fifty seven managers of registered VNS in T prefecture. Results : The effective answer rate was ７１．９％（n＝４１）．The nursing skills in the three domains that were carried out at least once or more in a month by nurses who belong to all VNS are as follows : １）In the domain of daily life support skills, four items of “range of motion exercises”，“walking assistance”， “assistance of transferring”, and “changing night clothes” were identified. ２）In the domain of skills for helping effective medical care，“check-up of vital signs” was identified. ３）In the domain of skills for safety/ comfort， “maintaining comfortable positions” was identified. And nursing skills that were required in emergency medical care/treatments were observed in a very low frequency in the same domain. Discussion : The nursing faculty should provide exercises in the university settings for the students to acquire these fundamental nursing skills, so that they can perform adequate nursing care at the time of home visits. In addition, it might be necessary for the faculty to utilize an audiovisual aid effectively in order to promote a better understanding of the students on the nursing skills/knowledge that would be rarely experienced during their clinical training, such as emergency clinical care and advanced therapeutic technologies. In order to build the effective study support system for the nursing students, we need to develop a collaborative education system between the University and the VNS

柔軟防水剤の性能に関する研究(第4報) : 紫外線の影響について

防水加工布の紫外線照射による黄変と強度変化を知るために絹・ナイロン・木綿・レーヨンの試布について照射時間と照射温度の条件を設定し,無加工布との比較によって検討した。さらに石けん水浸漬前と後および紫外線照射と室内散光曝射の比較をなし,洗たく時のすすぎの良否および直射光線による乾燥と散光による乾燥が白度と強度におよぼす影響を知ることができた。その結果を要約する。1白度の変化1)防水加工によって紫外線による黄変が著しくなるが,ナイロンは他の試布よりその影響がいくぶん少ない。2)照射時間の累積による黄変が大きいから短時間に乾燥することが大切である。3)すすぎの不完全は黄変の原因となるが,特に絹にその影響が大きい。防水加工布は無加工布より石けん焼けが少ない。4)照射温度上昇は黄変促進の傾向となるが,防水加工布は温度上昇の影響が少ない。5)室内散光による白度低下は,加工布・無加工布・照射時間の累積のいづれの場合も僅少であるから,黄変防止のためには直射光線をさけて,日蔭か室内散光によって乾燥する必要を認めた。2強度の変化1)紫外線照射による強度低下は,無加工布において次のことを認めた。木綿は照射の初期において強度低下を示すが照射時間の累積による強度低下は少なく,絹は時間の累積による強度低下が急である。2)防水加工布の紫外線による強度低下は無加工布より著しく,特に絹にその影響が大きい。3)照射時間の累積と照射温度の上昇による強度低下は無加工布に大きく,特に絹に顕著である。4)室内散光による強度低下は防水加工布の石けん水浸漬の場合に絹>木綿・レーヨン>ナイロンの順で低下を示したが,無加工布および石けん水浸漬前のものは変化を見なかった。5)絹の防水加工布はすすぎの不完全および直射光線による強度低下が他の試布より著しい

Feasibility study of two schedules of sunitinib in combination with pemetrexed in patients with advanced solid tumors

Background Sunitinib is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptors, as well as of other receptor types. We have performed a feasibility study to investigate the safety of sunitinib in combination with pemetrexed for treatment of advanced refractory solid tumors. Methods Sunitinib was administered once daily on a continuous daily dosing (CDD) schedule (37.5 mg/day) or a 2-weeks-on, 1-week-off treatment schedule (50 mg/day, Schedule 2/1) in combination with pemetrexed at 500 mg/m2 on day 1 of repeated 21-day cycles. Results Twelve patients were enrolled in the study: six on the CDD schedule and six on Schedule 2/1. None of the treated patients experienced a dose-limiting toxicity. Toxicities were manageable and similar in type to those observed in monotherapy studies of sunitinib and pemetrexed. Pharmacokinetic analysis did not reveal any substantial drug–drug interaction. One patient with squamous cell lung cancer showed a partial response and five patients had stable disease. Conclusions Combination therapy with sunitinib administered on Schedule 2/1 (50 mg/day) or a CDD schedule (37.5 mg/day) together with standard-dose pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) was well tolerated in previously treated patients with advanced solid tumors