ヒマン ノ タメ ノ ショクジ シドウ

It has been shown consistently that obesity may impact important aspects of lifestyle relateddisease such as diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and others. Weightloss was associated with improvements in health-related quality of life. The low-fat, lowenergyand combination diets all resulted in decreases in BMI, percent body fat and waistcircumference. In addition, physical exercise has also been shown to be the most effectiveway for weight reduction. This indicates that any of these counseling strategies could beeffective for improving anthropometric predictors of health risks associated with overweightstatus. Therefore, regular dietary counseling consisted of regular meetings with a registereddietitian, individualized diets and exercise recommendations is strongly recommended forhealth promotion

ショクセイカツ ト メタボリック シンドローム : ムズカシクナイ ショクジ リョウホウ オ メザシテ

The purpose of nutritional management for metabolic syndrome is to improve metaboliccontrol and to maintain the quality of life. However, nutritional management is usually difficult toachieve because conducting many self-care behaviors are not easy for many of them. Diet shouldbe weighted on maintenance of nutritional balance rather than energy restriction. Psychologicalsupport is also essential to patients and caregivers who support patients having different levels ofability, understanding, emotion, anxiety and circumstances. It is concluded that simple dietaryeducation program including psychological support should be instructed to patients and theirfamilies to perform nutritional management easily

Perceived Efficacy and Anxiety of Teachers in Japan toward Supporting Students with Chronic Illness in Mainstream School

The objective of this study was to examine mainstream school teachers’ anxiety and selfefficacy to teaching students with chronic illness. A survey was completed by 59 elementary and 44 junior high school teachers in Japan. Results indicated that the majority of teacher respondents perceived themselves as inadequate to teach students with chronic illness due to lack of practical knowledge and experience. A high proportion of respondents indicated that they had no academic training (62.1%) and no teaching experience (72.8%) for supporting students with chronic illness. On the other hand, there is a positive relationship between selfefficacy, anxiety level and academic training or teaching experience for supporting students with chronic illness. That is, teachers with practical experience teaching students with chronic illness in the classroom and teachers with more academic training in inclusive approaches demonstrated higher efficacy and lower anxiety than teachers without these experiences or with less training in inclusive teaching approaches. All teachers must be equipped with the extensive knowledge of how best to assist students with chronic illness. Additional efforts are needed to adequately support students with chronic illness in the regular education classroom

Relationship among the nursing practice environment, occupational career, and work engagement of Chinese nurses employed in Japan: A cross-sectional study

Yang Y., Hatanaka K., Takahashi K., et al. Relationship among the nursing practice environment, occupational career, and work engagement of Chinese nurses employed in Japan: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances 5, 100166 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2023.100166.Background: Work engagement is a positive, fulfilling, work-related state of mind characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption, and it affects the quality of care nurses give. Chinese nurses working in Japan experience differences in nursing practice and difficulties in career development. Therefore, the nursing practice environment and occupational career may affect their work engagement. However, little research has been completed on the factors affecting Chinese nurses' work engagement in Japan. Objective: To clarify the relationship between the nursing practice environment, occupational career, and work engagement of Chinese nurses in Japan. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting(s): Japanese hospitals (beds>19). Participants: 149 Chinese nurses employed in Japan. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we mailed 640 paper questionnaires, which included a QR code for online responses, to 58 Japanese hospitals that employed Chinese nurses. A survey request form and internet address were sent to the WeChat app, where Chinese nurses in Japan communicate. The contents included attribute-related questions, the Nursing Practice Environment Scale, the Occupational Career Scale, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. A multivariate analysis was conducted with nine adjustment factors, such as gender, educational background, and work engagement, as the dependent variables. The significance level was set at p<.05. Results: Participants’ average age was 28.4 years, and the average years of nursing in Japan was 3.8. The work engagement score was 3.09, which is the low-medium level. The nursing practice environment was positively associated with work engagement (β=0.46, 95 %CI=1.02,1.99, p<.001), with nurse participation in hospital affairs among the subscales having the strongest effect on work engagement (β=0.41, 95 %CI=0.68,1.49, p<.001). The occupational career score was also positively associated with work engagement (β=0.42, 95 %CI= 0.51,1.08, p<.001), and among the subscales, forming and coordinating interpersonal relationships had the most influence on participants' work engagement (β=0.39, 95 %CI=0.42,0.94, p<.001). Conclusions: Based on the results, we suggest that the work engagement of Chinese nurses could be enhanced by providing them with the same opportunities to train and improve their skills as Japanese nurses, as well as by helping them form relationships with patients and colleagues

Entrusting the Future of Rural Society through Nurturing Civic Pride: Endeavors in Gojome Town, Akita Prefecture of Japan

This photo essay illustrates a study on endeavors in a rural Japanese town with a declining population and discusses the future of rural society from a perspective of civic pride as well as sustainability. The population of the town of Gojome, located in Akita Prefecture of northern Japan, has halved from 20,025 in 1960 to 9,481 in 2015. Depopulation is often perceived as a half-empty glass, but we approached our study with the view that it is half-full. We discuss the issue through appreciative approaches by adopting the concept of “civic pride” as an alternative lens based on our empirical survey. The methodology adopted for this field survey include individual interviews with 126 respondents (consisting of 79 residents of Gojome and 47 individuals who were visiting the town) across different generations, 15 key informant interviews, drawings of their pride about the town by 34 sixth-graders of Gojome Elementary School, and observations. It was found that various generations of proud Gojome locals and non-locals have started to proactively participate in the process of bettering the town through various social, cultural, economic, and environmental activities. Based on our learning in Gojome town we conclude that, in the wake of rural depopulation, nurturing “civic pride” could potentially contribute to rural sustainability through entrusting the future of rural society to next generations

Development of spontaneous neuropathy in NF-κBp50-deficient mice by calcineurin-signal involving impaired NF-κB activation

信州大学博士（医学）・学位論文・平成24年3月28日授与（乙第21144号）・中村朋子Purpose: The transcriptional regulator, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B)/Rel family are involved in neuronal cell death and survival. Previously, we reported that NF-kappa Bp50-deficient (p50-deficient) mice exhibit many features resembling human normal tension glaucoma (NTG). The developmental mechanism of human NTG is not clearly understood, and a radical curative treatment has yet to be established. Our aim is to elucidate the signal cascade which mediates the spontaneous optic neuropathy in p50-deficient mice as a model of NTG. Methods: To demonstrate the expression and activation of pro-apoptotic factors, which mediate the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in p50-deficient mice, western blot (WB) and luciferase reporter assays with retinas from p50-deficient and wild type mice, and cultured RGC-5 cells were performed. Furthermore, we tested the neuroprotective effects of chemical reagents (memantine, lomerizine, and tacrolimus) against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-susceptible RGC damage according to in vitro experiments with RGC-5 cells. To elucidate the NF-kappa B-mediated death signaling, the effects of chemical reagents on spontaneous optic neuropathy were examined by histopathological studies. Results: WB experiments and luciferase reporter assays showed that NF-kappa B-inducible BCL2-associated X protein (Bax) and a pro-apoptotic factor, activated caspase 3 were expressed in the retina of p50-deficient mice as well as NMDA-treated RGC-5 cells. Further, the constitutively active cleaved forms of calcineurin (CaN), which have been reported to lead to apoptosis, were detected in the retina of p50-deficient mice as well as NMDA-treated RGC-5 cells. Pre-treatment with tacrolimus markedly protected RGC-5 cells from NMDA-induced neurotoxicity, and then both spontaneous RGC death and degenerative changes to the optic nerve in p50-deficient mice were significantly reduced by the chronic administration of tacrolimus. The experiments with cultured RGC-5 cells supported the results of histological examinations with p50-deficient mice, suggesting that CaN activation leads to NF-kappa B-induced Bax activation and caspase 3 activation, and mediates spontaneous optic neuropathy in p50-deficient mice. Conclusions: Research findings show that the chronic administration of tacrolimus significantly reduces spontaneous optic neuropathy in p50-deficient mice. We demonstrated a potential CaN signal cascade, which spontaneously induces age-dependent RGC death and degenerative optic nerve changes in p50-deficient mice.ArticleMOLECULAR VISION. 17:2157-2170 (2011)journal articl

Development of spontaneous neuropathy in NF-kappa Bp50-deficient mice by calcineurin-signal involving impaired NF-kappa B activation

信州大学博士（医学）・学位論文・平成24年3月28日授与（乙第21144号）・中村朋子Purpose: The transcriptional regulator, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B)/Rel family are involved in neuronal cell death and survival. Previously, we reported that NF-kappa Bp50-deficient (p50-deficient) mice exhibit many features resembling human normal tension glaucoma (NTG). The developmental mechanism of human NTG is not clearly understood, and a radical curative treatment has yet to be established. Our aim is to elucidate the signal cascade which mediates the spontaneous optic neuropathy in p50-deficient mice as a model of NTG. Methods: To demonstrate the expression and activation of pro-apoptotic factors, which mediate the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in p50-deficient mice, western blot (WB) and luciferase reporter assays with retinas from p50-deficient and wild type mice, and cultured RGC-5 cells were performed. Furthermore, we tested the neuroprotective effects of chemical reagents (memantine, lomerizine, and tacrolimus) against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-susceptible RGC damage according to in vitro experiments with RGC-5 cells. To elucidate the NF-kappa B-mediated death signaling, the effects of chemical reagents on spontaneous optic neuropathy were examined by histopathological studies. Results: WB experiments and luciferase reporter assays showed that NF-kappa B-inducible BCL2-associated X protein (Bax) and a pro-apoptotic factor, activated caspase 3 were expressed in the retina of p50-deficient mice as well as NMDA-treated RGC-5 cells. Further, the constitutively active cleaved forms of calcineurin (CaN), which have been reported to lead to apoptosis, were detected in the retina of p50-deficient mice as well as NMDA-treated RGC-5 cells. Pre-treatment with tacrolimus markedly protected RGC-5 cells from NMDA-induced neurotoxicity, and then both spontaneous RGC death and degenerative changes to the optic nerve in p50-deficient mice were significantly reduced by the chronic administration of tacrolimus. The experiments with cultured RGC-5 cells supported the results of histological examinations with p50-deficient mice, suggesting that CaN activation leads to NF-kappa B-induced Bax activation and caspase 3 activation, and mediates spontaneous optic neuropathy in p50-deficient mice. Conclusions: Research findings show that the chronic administration of tacrolimus significantly reduces spontaneous optic neuropathy in p50-deficient mice. We demonstrated a potential CaN signal cascade, which spontaneously induces age-dependent RGC death and degenerative optic nerve changes in p50-deficient mice.ArticleMOLECULAR VISION. 17:2157-2170 (2011)journal articl

High-susceptibility of photosynthesis to photoinhibition in the tropical plant Ficus microcarpa L. f. cv. Golden Leaves

BACKGROUND: The tropical plant Ficus microcarpa L. f. cv. Golden Leaves (GL) is a high-light sensitive tropical fig tree in which sun-leaves are yellow and shade-leaves are green. We compared the response of photosynthetic activities to strong light between GL and its wild-type (WT, Ficus microcarpa L. f.). RESULTS: Field measurements of maximum photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (F(v)/F(m)) of intact sun-leaves in GL showed that photo synthetic activity was severely photoinhibited during the daytime (F(v)/F(m) = 0.46) and subsequently recovered in the evening (F(v)/F(m) = 0.76). In contrast, WT did not show any substantial changes of F(v)/F(m) values throughout the day (between 0.82 and 0.78). Light dependency of the CO(2) assimilation rate in detached shade-leaves of GL showed a response similar to that in WT, suggesting no substantial difference in photosynthetic performance between them. Several indicators of photoinhibition, including declines in PSII reaction center protein (D1) content, F(v)/F(m) value, and O(2) evolution and CO(2) assimilation rates, all indicated that GL is much more susceptible to photoinhibition than WT. Kinetics of PAM chlorophyll a fluorescence revealed that nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) capacity of GL was lower than that of WT. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the photosynthetic apparatus of GL is more highly susceptible to photoinhibition than that of WT