Cyclotron radiation and emission in graphene

Peculiarity in the cyclotron radiation and emission in graphene is theoretically examined in terms of the optical conductivity and relaxation rates to propose that graphene in magnetic fields can be a candidate to realize the Landau level laser, proposed decades ago [H. Aoki, Appl. Phys. Lett. {\bf 48}, 559 (1986)].Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Optical Hall conductivity in 2DEG and graphene QHE systems

We have revealed from a numerical study that the Hall plateaus are retained in the optical Hall conductivity $\sigma_{xy}(\omega)$ in the ac ($\sim$ THz) regime in both of the ordinary two-dimensional electron gas and graphene in the quantum Hall regime, although the plateau height in ac deviates from integer multiples of $e^2/h$. The effect remains unexpectedly robust against a significant strength of disorder, which we attribute to an effect of localization. We predict the ac Hall plateaus are observable through the Faraday rotation with the rotation angle characterized by the fine-structure constant $\alpha$. In this paper we clarify the relationship between plateau structures and the disorder strength by performing numerical calculation.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, EP2DS-18 in Kobe (2009

ZN Berry Phases in Symmetry Protected Topological Phases

We show that the ZN Berry phase (Berry phase quantized into 2π/N) provides a useful tool to characterize symmetry protected topological phases with correlation that can be directly computed through numerics of a relatively small system size. The ZN Berry phase is defined in a N−1-dimensional parameter space of local gauge twists, which we call the “synthetic Brillouin zone,” and an appropriate choice of an integration path consistent with the symmetry of the system ensures exact quantization of the Berry phase. We demonstrate the usefulness of the ZN Berry phase by studying two 1D models of bosons, SU(3) and SU(4) Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki models, where topological phase transitions are captured by Z3 and Z4 Berry phases, respectively. We find that the exact quantization of the ZN Berry phase at the topological transitions arises from a gapless band structure (e.g., Dirac cones or nodal lines) in the synthetic Brillouin zone

Clinical utility of silk-elastin sponge in patients with chronic and acute skin ulcers: study protocol of a multi-center clinical trial

INTRODUCTION: Not only chronic but also some acute wounds have a risk of infection and become unhealed wounds. Silk-elastin sponge has been developed to treat chronic wounds that are susceptible to infection. Preclinical and clinical studies suggested that silk-elastin sponge is safe for humans and can promote granulation tissue formation by reducing bacterial growth in chronic wounds. The central aim of this trial is to evaluate the clinical utility and safety of silk-elastin sponge for the treatment of chronic and acute skin ulcers. METHODS: This study is a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, uncontrolled clinical trial. In this study, 20 patients with chronic ulcers and five with an acute one will be included; patients with wound infection will be excluded. Silk-elastin sponges are applied and covered with a dressing for 14 days. PLANNED OUTCOMES: The primary endpoint is the frequency of patients with chronic wounds in whom the investigator confirms the formation of a healthy wound bed at 14 days after the initial application of the study device. In addition, safety for acute wounds and handiness of the study device will be assessed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: jRCT2052210072

Cultured epithelial autografts for the treatment of large-to-giant congenital melanocytic nevus in 31 patients

Introduction: Giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) is a large melanocytic nevus, and its full-thickness removal is usually difficult due to the lack of skin available for reconstruction. Curettage is an alternative approach in cases of GCMN to remove the superficial dermis above the cleavage plane with a curette in the neonatal period, and its major complications include repigmentation, retarded epithelization, and hypertrophic scar formation. In Japan, the JACE® cultured epidermal autograft (CEA) was approved and covered by public healthcare insurance for the treatment of congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) that is difficult to treat with conventional methods in 2016. We have used CEA for wounds after curettage in the neonatal period or following ablation after the neonatal period in combination with laser therapies to reduce the above-mentioned complications. Methods: In this study, we summarized all consecutive CMN patients treated using CEA from December 2016 to April 2019 and evaluated the duration required for epithelialization, incidence of hypertrophic scar, and color change in the target nevus by comparing the L∗ values one year later between the Curettage group, the non-Curettage group with initial treatment or the subsequent group. Results: No significant differences were seen in the epithelization period or incidence of hypertrophic scars among the groups, but the color of the target nevus was improved significantly in the Curettage group (p < 0.01) and non-Curettage group with initial treatment (p < 0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, CEA seems to accelerate epithelization after curettage or ablation of CMN, and this treatment could improve the color of CMN when applied initially

Neither gynecomastia nor galactorrhea is a common side effect of neuroleptics in male patients

Gynecomastia is known to be a side effect of neuroleptics. The authors investigated the prevalence of gynecomastia and galactorrhea in a group of regularly neuroleptic-treated male patients. Methods : Gynecomastia was defined as a palpable, discrete button of firm subareolar tissue measuring at least 2 cm in diameter. The subjects were 100 male patients who were taking neuroleptic-treatment regularly. Each patient gave informed consent for the research involved in this study. Results : (1) Palpable gynecomastia was present in 2% of the patient group, but not at all in the normal group. (2) Galactorrhea was not present in either patient or normal group. (3) The mean level of the serum prolactin in the group of patients without gynecomastia was significantly higher than that in the normal group, but there was no significant difference in blood luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone (T), estradiol (E 2) or T/E2 ratio between the groups. (4) The mean level of the T/E2 ratio in the patients with gynecomastia was tended to be higher than that in the group of patients without gynecomastia. Conclusions : Overall, theseresults seem to indicate that (i) gynecomastia is not popular in the Japanese population, and (ii) in male patients, neither palpable gynecomastia nor galactorrhea is a common side effect of neuroleptics. To clarify the relation between gynecomastia and neuroleptic treatment, large prospective studies are required

Fluorescence-guided bone resection by using Visually Enhanced Lesion Scope in diffuse chronic sclerosingosteomyelitis of the mandible: clinical and pathological evaluation

Diffuse chronic sclerosingosteomyelitis (DCSO) is a refractory disease, becausethe etiology and pathogenesis remain poorly understood and to determine the border betweenunhealthy boneandhealthybone is difficult. However, progressive inflammation, clinical symptoms and a high recurrence rate of DCSO were the reasons for surgical treatment. We report a case of a 66-year old woman with DCSO of the right side of mandible who was treated with hemimandibulectomy and simultaneous reconstruction by vascularized free fibula flap. After preoperative administration of minocycline for 1 month, the bone fluorescence was successfully monitored by using a Visually Enhanced Lesion Scope (VELscope®). Intraoperatively, we could determine the resection boundaries. We investigated the clinical and histopathological findings. The fluorescence findings were well correlated with histopathological findings. Using a VELscope®was handy and useful to determine the border between DCSO lesion andhealthybone. The free fibula flap under the minocycline-derived bone fluorescence by using a VELscope®offered a good quality of mandibular bone and the successful management of an advanced and refractory DCSO