Globalization and Localization of Disaster Impacts: An Empirical Examination

Naturkatastrophe; Globalisierung; Makroökonomischer Einfluss; Überschwemmung; Indischer Ozean; Empirische Methode; Asien

Impact estimation of disasters : a global aggregate for 1960 to 2007

This paper aims to estimate the global aggregate of disaster impacts during 1960 to 2007 using Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) methodology. The authors selected 184 major disasters in terms of the size of economic damages, based on the data available from the International Emergency Disasters and MunichRe (NatCat) databases for natural catastrophes. They estimate the losses and total impacts including the higher-order effects of these disasters using social accounting matrices constructed for this study. Although the aggregate damages based on the data amount to US$742 billion, the aggregate losses and total impacts are estimated at US$360 billion and US$678 billion, respectively. The results show a growing trend of economic impacts over time in absolute value. However, once the data and estimates are normalized using global gross domestic product, the historical trend of total impacts becomes statistically insignificant. The visual observation confirms the inverted ‘U’ curve distribution between total impact and income level, while statistical analyses indicate negative linear relationships between them for climatological, geophysical, and especially hydrological events.Natural Disasters,Hazard Risk Management,Disaster Management,Economic Theory&Research,Pollution Management&Control

Linking Economic Model and Engineering Model: Application of Sequential Interindustry Model (SIM)

A conventional approach to model the regional economic impacts of a catastrophic disaster has been to employ the results from an engineering model, such as lifeline network model, in an economic model, for example input-output framework or computable general equilibrium model. However, due to the differences in modeling scheme between economic and engineering models, this type of data feed creates problems regarding sensitivity and dynamics of the impacts. In this paper, Sequential Interindustry Model (SIM) is used to disaggregate the process of production chronology to become more sensitive to the changes/damages of economic activities under a disaster situation. SIM is particularly useful to simulate the dynamic processes of impact propagation and of structural changes after a catastrophic disaster. In this paper, the issues and applications of SIM are discussed with numerical examples

Research on Water-way Planning

According to the request of the committee of Reports of the Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University to retiring faculty members, the author summarizes his major researches during his life in Tottori University. Especially the research of the water-way planning in public enterprises is emphasized by which the department of social systems engineering was nominated for the best nine department in the field of civil engineering planning in Japan, in 2002

Structural Change of the Chicago Economy: A Temporal Inverse Analysis

Earlier study (Sonis and Hewings, 1998) proposed an alternative tool that can assist in exploiting trends and uncovering tendencies in individual sectors or groups of sectors within the context of an economy-wide system of accounts. In this paper, the methodology, Temporal Leontief Inverse Analysis, is applied to a set of annual input-output tables for the Chicago metropolitan economy during the period of 1980-97. The results are compared to the earlier analysis (Hewings et al., 1998, Okuyama et al., 2002a, and Okuyama et al. 2002b) to examine the method and to investigate further the structural changes of the Chicago economy

Economic Impacts of Unscheduled Events: Sequential Interindustry Model (SIM) Approach

Regional economic models have been challenged to incorporate with structural changes in the economy. Especially, when a structural change is sudden, unpredictable, yet extensive, such as damages from a natural disaster, conventional models can hardly confront such significant changes due to their assumption of incremental changes. Sequential Interindustry Model (SIM) is an extension of the input-output framework that enables to trace the production process and the path of the impacts. SIM is particularly useful to simulate the dynamic process of impact propagation and of structural changes after a catastrophic disaster. In this paper, the issues and extensions of SIM are discussed with numerical examples

An Evaluation of Method for Constructing Commodity by Industry Flow Matrices

The lack of consistent, reliable data on interregional trade and interindustry transactions hampers complete analysis of regional models. This study implements and tests interindustry transaction flows in a national system of economic regions derived from an interregional accounting framework and initial information on interregional shipments. The method used to construct an interregional Commodity by Industry Flow matrix for the United States involves the construction of single-state SAMs. The interregional flows connecting states are estimated using a method based on the Commodity Flow Survey data published by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, which adjusts the estimated interregional SAM to insure the integrity of intraregional and system-wide, national accounts. This paper presents the results of exercises testing the validity of the resulting interregional trade-flow data using, among other data sources, the CFS itself, the FAFD and S&P/DRI regional estimates. The model is tested is a US interregional framework describing flows within and among the 50 states and the District of Colombia

Method for Constructing Commodity by Industry Flow Matrices

This paper describes the method used to construct an interregional Commodity by Industry Flow matrix for the United States. The interregional flow matrix method involves the construction of single-state (and DC) SAMs using data from IMPLAN. Once complete, the interregional flows connecting states are estimated using a method based on the Commodity Flow Survey data published by the Bureau of Transportations Statistics. The estimated interregional SAM is then adjusted to insure the integrity of intraregional and system-wide accounts. The procedures have been designed with the goal of ease of replicability, so that updates and extensions of the database can be generated efficiently and at much lower cost as new data are released. The resulting US interregional framework describes flows within and among the 50 states and the District of Colombia, and will provide a valuable database for a broad range of analysis on regions, interregional relationships and policy research