Phytochemical Investigation On Some Species From The Genera Elettariopsis And Etlingera.

Minyak pati bahagian daun dan akar enam spesies lettariopsis dan tiga spesies Etlingera yang diperolehi dari Malaysia telah dipencilkan melalui kaedah penghidrosulingan dan dianalisiskan dengan kaedah GC kapilari dan GC-MS dengan menggunakan dua kolum dengan kekutuban yang berbeza. The volatile oils of the aerial and underground parts of six Malaysian Elettariopsis and three Etlingera species were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by capillary GC and GCMS, using two columns of different polarity

Essential Oil Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Two Closely Related Species, Alpinia mutica

The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the unripe and ripe fruits of Alpinia mutica Roxb. and Alpinia latilabris Ridl. were analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. The oils were principally monoterpenic in nature. The unripe and ripe fruit oils of A. mutica were characterized by camphor (21.0% and 15.8%), camphene (16.6% and 10.2%), β-pinene (8.6% and 13.5%), and trans,trans-farnesol (8.0% and 11.2%), respectively. The oils of the unripe and ripe fruits were moderately active against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum. 1,8-Cineole (34.2% and 35.9%) and β-pinene (20.2% and 19.0%) were the two most abundant components in the unripe and ripe fruit oils of A. latilabris. The oil of the unripe fruits elicits moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes while Candida glabrata was moderately sensitive to the oil of the ripe fruits

Molecular insight and mode of inhibition of α ‐Glucosidase and α ‐Amylase by Pahangensin A from Alpinia pahangensis Ridl.

The inhibition of carbohydrate‐hydrolyzing enzymes in human digestive organs is crucial in controlling blood sugar levels, which is important in treating type 2 diabetes. In the current study, pahangensin A (1), a bis‐labdanic diterpene characterized previously in the rhizomes of Alpinia pahangensis Ridl., was identified as an active dual inhibitor for α‐amylase (IC50=114.80 μm) and α‐glucosidase (IC50=153.87 μm). This is the first report on the dual α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities of a bis‐labdanic diterpene. The Lineweaver‐Burk plots of compound 1 indicate that it is a mixed‐type inhibitor with regard to both enzymes. Based on molecular docking studies, compound 1 docked in a non‐active site of both enzymes. The dual inhibitory activity of compound 1 makes it a suitable natural alternative in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Essential oil constituents of Alpinia scabra and Alpinia murdochii, two wild highland species from Peninsular Malaysia and their anti-microbial activity

This study investigates the chemical constituents of essential oils and their anti-microbial activity of Alpinia scabra and Alpinia murdochii, two wild Zingiberaceae species. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and the chemical components of the oils were determined by GC-FID (retention indices, RI) and GC/MS analysis. The major components of Alpinia scabra rhizome oil are γ-selinene (33.45%), α-selinene (3.64%) and α-terpineol (3.55 %) while the major components of the leaves are β-pinene (63.37%), α-pinene (6.58 %) and borneol (3.20 %). The major compounds of Alpinia murdochii rhizome oil are γ-selinene (15.51 %), (E,E)-farnesyl acetate (6.56 %), terpinen 4-ol (5.58 %) and α-terpineol (5.04 %). The monoterpenes; β-pinene (23.83 %), sabinene (23.76 %) and terpinene-4-ol (10.49 %) were the major components in the leaf oil of A. murdochii. The lowest MIC values were recorded for the rhizome essential oils of both Alpinia species against all Staphylococcus aureus strains (coded as MSSA, MRSA, Sa7, VISA24, VRSA156) with MIC values ranging from 0.04 mg/mL to 2.50 mg/mL. The rhizome oils of both species also showed a broad spectrum of anti-microbial activity as compared to the leaf oils

Malabaricone C as natural Sphingomyelin Synthase Inhibitor against diet-induced obesity and its lipid metabolism in mice

The interaction between natural occurring inhibitors and targeted membrane proteins could be an alternative medicinal strategy for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, notably, obesity. In this study, we identified malabaricones A–C and E (1–4) isolated from the fruits of Myristica cinnamomea King as natural inhibitors for sphingomyelin synthase (SMS), a membrane protein responsible for sphingolipid biosynthesis. Having the most promising inhibition, oral administration of compound 3 exhibited multiple efficacies in reducing weight gain, improving glucose tolerance, and reducing hepatic steatosis in high fat diet-induced obesity mice models. Liver lipid analysis revealed a crucial link between the SMS activities of compound 3 and its lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo. The nontoxic nature of compound 3 makes it a suitable candidate in search of drugs which can be employed in the treatment and prevention of obesity

Acylphenols and Dimeric Acylphenols from the Genus Myristica:A Review of Their Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

The genus Myristica is a medicinally important genus belonging to the Myristicaceae. Traditional medicinal systems in Asia have employed plants from the genus Myristica to treat a variety of ailments. Acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols are a rare group of secondary metabolites, which, to date, have only been identified in the Myristicaceae, in particular, in the genus Myristica. The aim of the review would be to provide scientific evidence that the medicinal properties of the genus Myristica could be attributed to the acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols present in the various parts of its plants and highlight the potential in the development of the acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols as pharmaceutical products. SciFinder-n, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed were used to conduct the literature search between 2013–2022 on the phytochemistry and the pharmacology of acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols from the genus Myristica. The review discusses the distribution of the 25 acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols within the genus Myristica, their extraction, isolation, and characterization from the respective Myristica species, the structural similarities and differences within each group and between the different groups of the acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols, and their in vitro pharmacological activities.</p

Chemical constituents and nitric oxide inhibitory activity of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts from Mitragyna speciosa leaves

Mitragyna speciosa Korth., is a controversial plant that possesses various medicinal values and has been used from time immemorial in folk medicine. Recently, it has been widely abused as a narcotic source. The aim of the present study was to characterize the in vitro nitric oxide (NO) inhibition property of the supercritical CO 2 fluid extracts from M. speciosa leaves and to identify the chemical constituents of the extract that exhibited the most inhibition without toxicity effect. Samples were extracted using the green technology, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique via CO 2 as the mobile phase. The NO inhibitory activity was evaluated by Griess assay, which measures the formation of nitrite ion (NO 2 − ) in recombinant mouse interferon gamma/lipopolysaccharide (IFN-γ/LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Matrix 5 Step-1 (M5S1) that was extracted with pure CO 2 at 3000 psi and 60 °C exhibited the highest NO inhibitory activity (60.08%) without cytotoxicity (cell viability, 91.98%) at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. GC and GC–MS analysis revealed palmitic acid as the major constituent (34.90%) of M5S1. This study provides first evidence that M5S1, the non-alkaloidal extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction of M. speciosa leaves possesses potential property in preventing inflammatory diseases mediated by excessive production of NO. © 2016 The Author

In vitro antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Alseodaphne corneri Kosterm

AbstractObjectiveTo study antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities of the isolation of alkaloids from the active dichloromethane extract of Alseodaphne corneri.MethodsPhytochemical studies of the crude extract led to the isolation of six alkaloids using recycle high performance liquid chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. The antiplasmodial activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated using the histidine-rich protein II assay. The isolated alkaloids were also tested for their antioxidant activity using three different assays; DPPH, ferric reducing ability of plasma and metal chelating assays.ResultsMalaria infection caused the formation of free radicals which subsequently led to oxidative stress and apoptosis. The antioxidant properties of the alkaloids under investigation revealed that in addition to the antiplasmodial activity, the alkaloids could also prevent oxidative stress. (+)-laurotetanine and (+)-norstephasubine exhibited strong antiplasmodial activities with IC50 values of 0.189 and 0.116 μM, respectively.ConclusionsInterestingly, the two most potent compounds that exhibit antiplasmodial activity also exhibit good antioxidant activities. The crude dichloromethane extract and the isolated compounds exert substantial antiplasmodial and antioxidative activities which in turn suppress oxidative stress and cause less damage to the host

Synthesis of 2-(4-Propyloxyphenyl)benzothiazole

A new 2-(4-propyloxyphenyl)benzothiazole was synthesized and its IR, 1H and 13C NMR and MS spectroscopic data are presented

Cytotoxic labdane diterpenes, norlabdane diterpenes and bis-labdanic diterpenes from the Zingiberaceae:A systematic review

Over the years, labdane diterpenes, norlabdane diterpenes, and bis-labdanic diterpenes with cytotoxic activities have been identified across various families in the plant kingdom including the Zingiberaceae. The present review discusses the distribution of these labdane-type diterpenes within the Zingiberaceae; their extraction, isolation, and characterization from the respective Zingiberaceae species; the structural similarities and differences within each group and between the different groups of the labdane-type diterpenes; and their cytotoxic activities against breast, cervical, liver, colorectal, pancreatic, lung and prostate cancer cell lines. The review will also provide insight into how the cytotoxic activities of the labdane-type diterpenes are influenced by their structural features