A study on biological aspects of Dolphin fish, Coryphaena hippurus concerning its future culture in Oman Sea and southern coastal waters

In this study, sampling from three main fishing areas in Oman Sea was carried out from September 1995 to August 1996. Biometry and dissection were done for 273 fish. The length for smallest and largest fish was measured 30 and over 128 centimeters respectively. Observation of stomach contents showed that maximum and minimum contents were 49.6 and 2.3 percent, belonging to fishes and octopus respectively. Cattle-fish and squid were second and third food preferences. With the exception of fish with length between 110 and 130 centimeters which only feed on mollusks, others mainly feed on fish. Year-round presence of gonads at maturations stages of 4 and 5 in both sexes, indicate long spawning period mainly from Aguste to March. The lowest and highest rate of fatness were 0.72 and 1.9 in males and 0.68 and 1.2 in females respectively. (9), No.2, 2000 Relationship between length and weight in both sexes indicate that dolphin fish has isometric growth in coastal water of Oman Sea. Long natural spawning period of this fish in coastal waters of the Oman Sea indicates that it is a suitable fish for artificial propagation

Production of the burger combination kilka-silver carp and evaluation the nutritional value and shelf life it during cold storage period

Kilka fish burger and silver fish is product of minced fish meat kilka and silver carp are mado of flavors , fillings, vejetables and spices.this fusion can be made on a toasted (fried or raw) and be marketed. The project was to replace the effects of different amounts of kilka fish instead of meat silver carp burger in preparing the consolidated on acceptance and qualitative changes in the past 5 months were examined and selected the best treatment for the industrial manufacturing industry in presented .Therefore , the four treatments with a variety of burger meat mixed with kilka and silver carp have been defined and the sensory evaluation were prepared . Based on statistical tests , selected treatment 3 (kilka hundred percent) in terms of flavor and color is in the highest rating. Also, the control treatment in term of taste, odor and color is in second priority. It is noteworthy that treatments 1 and 2, in the next priority is accepted. Goals of this plan is consolidation of kilka and silver carp in preparation of consolidated burger in order to financial purpose in final product. Chemical, microbiological, sensory evaluation and free fatty acie of the product during the 5 months storage at -18°C is illustrated that, the product is maintained its quality during the entire sensory and chemical paraments

The burden of disease and injury in Iran 2003

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The objective of this study was to estimate the burden of disease and injury in Iran for the year 2003, using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) at the national level and for six selected provinces.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Methods developed by the World Health Organization for National Burden of Disease (NBD) studies were applied to estimate disease and injury incidence for the calculation of Years of Life Lost due to premature mortality (YLL), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and DALYs. The following adjustments of the NBD methodology were made in this study: a revised list with 213 disease and injury causes, development of new and more specific disease modeling templates for cancers and injuries, and adjustment for dependent comorbidity. We compared the results with World Health Organization (WHO) estimates for Eastern Mediterranean Region, sub-region B in 2002.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We estimated that in the year 2003, there were 21,572 DALYs due to all diseases and injuries per 100,000 Iranian people of all ages and both sexes. From this total number of DALYs, 62% were due to disability premature deaths (YLD) and 38% were due to premature deaths (YLL); 58% were due to noncommunicable diseases, 28% – to injuries, and 14% – to communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional conditions. Fifty-three percent of the total number of 14.349 million DALYs in Iran were in males, with 36.5% of the total due to intentional and unintentional injuries, 15% due to mental and behavioral disorders, and 10% due to circulatory system diseases; and 47% of DALYs were in females, with 18% of the total due to mental and behavioral disorders, 18% due to intentional and unintentional injuries, and 12% due to circulatory system diseases. The disease and injury causes leading to the highest number of DALYs in males were road traffic accidents (1.071 million), natural disasters (548 thousand), opioid use (510 thousand), and ischemic heart disease (434 thousand). The leading causes of DALYs in females were ischemic heart disease (438 thousand), major depressive disorder (420 thousand), natural disasters (419 thousand), and road traffic accidents (235 thousand). The burden of disease at the province level showed marked variability. DALY estimates by Iran's NBD study were higher than those for EMR-B by WHO.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The health and disease profile in Iran has made the transition from the dominance of communicable diseases to that of noncommunicable diseases and road traffic injuries. NBD results are to be used in health program planning, research, and resource allocation and generation policies and practices.</p

A Study on Biological Aspects of Dolphin Fish, Coryphaena hippurus Conceming its Future Culture in Oman Sea and Southern Coastal Waters

In this study, sampling from three main fishing areas in Oman Sea was carried out from September 1995 to August 1996. Biometry and dissection were done for 273 fish. The length for samllest and largest fish was measured 30 and over 128 centimeters respectively. Observation of stomach contents showed that maximum and minimunl contents were 49.6 and 2.3 percent, belonging to fishes and octopus respectively. Cattle-fish and squid were second and thrid food preferences. With the exception of fish with length between 110 and 130 centimeters which only feed on mollusks, others mainly feed on fish. Year-round presence of gonads at maturations stages of 4 and 5 in both sexes, indicate long spawning period mainly from Agust to March. The lowest and highest rate of fatness were 0.72 and 1.9 in males and 0.68 and 1.2 in females respectively. (9), No.2, 2000 Relationship between length and weight in both sexes indicate that dolphin fish has isometric growth in coastal water of Oman Sea. Long natural spawning period of this fish in coastal waters of the Oman Sea indicates that it is a suitable fish for artificial propagation

Supportive and cognitive behavioral group interventions on Bam earthquake related PTSD symptoms in adolescents

Background: Psychological debriefing has been widely advocated for routine use following major traumatic events. Cognitive Behavioral Interventions, art supportive therapies, and sport and recreational support activities are other interventions for reducing posttraumatic stress disorder. We assessed the effects of theses methods individually and in combination on reduction posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents who had experienced Bam earthquake. Methods: In a field trial, we evaluated the efficacy of psychological debriefing, group cognitive-behavioral therapy, art and sport supportive interventions in 200 adolescents with PTSD symptoms who survived of Bam earthquake and compare it with a control group. Patients were randomly assigned to one of intervention programs including: group cognitive-behavioral therapy; group CBT plus art and sport interventions; art and sport interventions without group CBT; and control group. Results: Thirty one individuals were excluded because of migration. A statistically significant reduction in overall PTSD symptoms as well as in avoidance symptoms was observed after group cognitive-behavioral therapy. There was no significant difference in reduction of overall PTSD and avoidance symptoms between the other groups. Conclusion: Psychological interventions in form of group cognitive behavioral therapy can reduce the symptoms of PTSD symptoms but we couldn&apos;t find the art and sport supportive therapy alone or in combination with group CBT to be useful in this regard

Group play therapy effect on Bam earthquake related emotional and behavioral symptoms in preschool children: a before-after trial

Background: Depressive, anxious, aggressive and regressive behaviors are the most common psychiatric symptoms following natural disasters in children. Art, play and behavioral techniques are used for reducing these traumatic symptoms. We studied the effect of 12 sessions of group play therapy in children 3 to 6 years old who had been exposed to the Bam earthquake directlyMethods: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of 12 sessions of group play therapy with cognitive-behavioral approach for the preschool aged children who had been exposed to the Bam earthquake directly and had lost at least one of their first degree family members. Mental retarded children and those with psychiatric or severe medical problems that needed medications were excluded. Before and after interventions we evaluated post traumatic, emotional and anxiety symptoms by using Yule's PTSD scale and behavioral symptoms by Rutter's questionnaire. Then we compared before and after interventions scores.Findings: At first 19 children were included in the study, 13 of them completed at least two thirds of the interventional sessions. We excluded six children who participated in fewer sessions. The mean scores of Yule's PTSD scale and Rutter's questionaire reduced during interventions which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Trauma/grief focused group play therapy may be effective in reducing post traumatic symptoms of natural disasters in preschool aged children

Behavioral group therapy effect on Bam earthquake related PTSD symptoms in children: A randomized clinical trial

Background: In children and adolescents physical and psychological integrity threatening occur after disasters, whereby post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be the first reaction. Psychological debriefing is a way for prevention and reducing PTSD symptoms. Many studies have shown the efficacy of behavioral therapy in treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Few evidence is available for using these techniques in combination for prevention and treatment of PTSD symptoms. This study compared the efficacy of psychological debriefing and cognitive behavioral group therapy combination on Bam earthquake related PTSD symptoms in children with a control group. Methods: In a control trial, we evaluated the efficacy of one session psychological debriefing and three sessions of group behavioral therapy in Bam earthquake adolescent survivors with PTSD symptoms and compared it with a control group. The mean age of participants was 9.07 (SD=1.7) years and no one had sever PTSD or other psychiatric disorder that needed pharmacological interventions. Before and after interventions we evaluated PTSD symptoms by use of K-SADS questionnaire and compared them with the control group. Results: The study included 100 persons, of whom 20 persons were excluded during intervention because of migration. The mean values of total PTSD symptoms and the symptoms of re-experience and avoidance were reduced after interventions. This reduction was statistically significant only for symptoms of re-experience. In control group the mean values of PTSD symptoms increased during study which was statistically significant. The two groups showed statistically significant differences of symptom reduction in total PTSD symptoms, re-experience and avoidance. No difference was detected for hyper arousal. Conclusion: Psychological debriefing and group behavioral therapy may have preventive effect on PTSD symptoms and may reduce symptoms of re-experience

Factors associated with the evolution of attitudes towards mental illness in a cohort of nursing students

La enfermedad mental conlleva mayor mortalidad por causa física, existiendo evidencia de que la actitud de estigma de los profesionales de la salud es determinante. La eficacia de las intervenciones orientadas a mejorar esta actitud solo se ha contrastado al corto plazo. Este estudio evalúa los cambios en la actitud de estigma en una cohorte de estudiantes de enfermería a lo largo de los dós últimos cursos académicos. Se constata que los cambios positivos experimentados tras la formación teórico-práctica no se consolidan tras el periodo de prácticas clínicas. Se identifica que el factor tiempo es en si mismo un factor negativo en la actitud de estigma hacia la enfermedad mental, de lo que se infiere la necesidad de abordarla en lo profesionales de la salud, incluso, a lo largo de toda la trayectoria profesional.Mental illness leads to higher mortality due to physical causes, and there is evidence that the stigmatizing attitude of health professionals is a determining factor. The efficacy of interventions aimed at improving this attitude has only been tested in the short term. This study evaluates changes in stigma attitude in a cohort of nursing students over the last two academic years. It is found that the positive changes experienced after the theoretical-practical training are not consolidated after the clinical practice period. It is identified that the time factor is in itself a negative factor in the stigmatizing attitude towards mental illness, from which it is inferred the need to address it in health professionals, even throughout their professional career