Error compensation method of large size steel sheet measurement based on control field

Aiming at the problem of low accuracy of large size sheet edge, a method of sheet size error measurement based on control field is proposed. Firstly, an error compensation model of the measuring system based on control field is established by analyzing the causes of the errors of the measuring system. A grid standard plate is designed and the error distribution on the grid line is obtained by using the measurement results of the standard plate. Secondly, the error curve is established according to the distribution, and the trig function theorem is used to project the curve into the image pixel coordinate system. Finally, the control field of the whole measurement area is reconstructed by linear interpolation, and the measurement results are compensated and corrected. The steel sheet is measured in the measuring area of 1.2m x 2.6m on the basis of these theories and technologies. The experiment shows that the precision of the measuring system can reach 1mm per meter, which satisfies the accuracy and speed requirements of large-size steel sheet measurement in industry, and has high application value

The Central Domain of MCPH1 Controls Development of the Cerebral Cortex and Gonads in Mice

MCPH1 is the first gene identified to be responsible for the human autosomal recessive disorder primary microcephaly (MCPH). Mutations in the N-terminal and central domains of MCPH1 are strongly associated with microcephaly in human patients. A recent study showed that the central domain of MCPH1, which is mainly encoded by exon 8, interacts with E3 ligase βTrCP2 and regulates the G2/M transition of the cell cycle. In order to investigate the biological functions of MCPH1’s central domain, we constructed a mouse model that lacked the central domain of MCPH1 by deleting its exon 8 (designated as Mcph1 -Δe8). Mcph1 -Δe8 mice exhibited a reduced brain size and thinner cortex, likely caused by a compromised self-renewal capacity and premature differentiation of Mcph1 -Δe8 neuroprogenitors during corticogenesis. Furthermore, Mcph1 -Δe8 mice were sterile because of a loss of germ cells in the testis and ovary. The embryonic fibroblasts of Mcph1 -Δe8 mice exhibited premature chromosome condensation (PCC). All of these findings indicate that Mcph1 -Δe8 mice are reminiscent of MCPH1 complete knockout mice and Mcph1 -ΔBR1 mice. Our study demonstrates that the central domain of MCPH1 represses microcephaly, and is essential for gonad development in mammals

Recombinant amelogenin peptide TRAP promoting remineralization of early enamel caries: An in vitro study

Objective: To explore the regulatory effect of recombinant amelogenin peptide TRAP on the remineralization of early enamel carious lesions.Methods: Forty-eight bovine enamel blocks that prepared initial lesions in vitro were split at random into four groups for immersion treatment for 12 days: 1) remineralizing medium; 2) studied peptide 1 (consisting of the N- and C-termini of porcine amelogenin) + remineralizing medium; 3) studied peptide 2 (TRAP) + remineralizing medium; 4) fluoride + remineralizing medium. After demineralization and remineralization immersion, each specimen’s mean mineral loss and lesion depth were measured using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The changes in lesion depth (∆LD) and mineral gain (∆Z) were computed following remineralization. The enamel samples were then cut into sections and examined with polarized light microscopy (PLM). The cross-section morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystal phase was analyzed by an X-ray micro-diffractometer (XRD). The calcium-binding properties were determined using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).Results: Micro-CT analysis revealed a significant reduction in mineral loss in the four groups following the remineralization treatment (p < 0.05). The treatment with fluoride resulted in the greatest ∆Z and ∆LD, whereas the treatment with a remineralizing medium showed the least ∆Z and ∆LD among all groups. The ∆Z and ∆LD of the studied peptide 1 and studied peptide 2 groups were greater than those of the remineralizing medium group. However, there was no significant difference between the studied peptide 1 and studied peptide 2 groups (p > 0.05). All of the samples that the PLM analyzed had a thickening of the surface layer. A negative birefringent band changed in the lesion’s body. The SEM displayed that minerals were formed in all four groups of samples. The XRD results indicated that the products of remineralization of the studied peptide were hydroxyapatite crystals (HA). ITC showed that there were two binding modes between the calcium and peptide TRAP.Conclusion: This study confirmed the potential of the recombinant amelogenin peptide TRAP as a key functional motif of amelogenin protein for enamel remineralization and provided a promising biomaterial for remineralization in initial enamel carious lesion treatment

Interaction of Isoflavones with β-Conglycinin and Its Effect on the Structure and Potential Allergenicity of Their Complex

In this study, the interaction mechanism of isoflavones with β-conglycinin (BGG) and its effect on the structure and potential allergenicity of their complex were investigated. Fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to analyze the types of quenching, the number of binding sites, the types of forces and the secondary structure content of BGG complexes with one of the two soy isoflavones genistein (Gen) and daidzein (Dai). The structure of isoflavone-BGG complexes prepared under different conditions was characterized, and the potential allergenicity of the complexes were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. The result showed that isoflavones caused a static quench of the fluorescence of BGG, and the interaction was dominated by hydrophobic interactions, with one binding site. Furthermore, the interaction with isoflavones induced an increase in the polarity of the amino acid microenvironment of BGG, which led to unfolding of the peptide chain and a looser structure. ELISA and immunoblotting of digestion products showed that the potential allergenicity of the protein was enhanced by the binding of isoflavones. The results of this study would be helpful to understand how isoflavones affect the allergenicity of allergenic proteins in complex food matrices, and be significant for its further development and utilization for allergenicity reduction

ToMBench: Benchmarking Theory of Mind in Large Language Models

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the cognitive capability to perceive and ascribe mental states to oneself and others. Recent research has sparked a debate over whether large language models (LLMs) exhibit a form of ToM. However, existing ToM evaluations are hindered by challenges such as constrained scope, subjective judgment, and unintended contamination, yielding inadequate assessments. To address this gap, we introduce ToMBench with three key characteristics: a systematic evaluation framework encompassing 8 tasks and 31 abilities in social cognition, a multiple-choice question format to support automated and unbiased evaluation, and a build-from-scratch bilingual inventory to strictly avoid data leakage. Based on ToMBench, we conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the ToM performance of 10 popular LLMs across tasks and abilities. We find that even the most advanced LLMs like GPT-4 lag behind human performance by over 10% points, indicating that LLMs have not achieved a human-level theory of mind yet. Our aim with ToMBench is to enable an efficient and effective evaluation of LLMs' ToM capabilities, thereby facilitating the development of LLMs with inherent social intelligence.Comment: Under revie

Xanthohumol alleviates oxidative stress and impaired autophagy in experimental severe acute pancreatitis through inhibition of AKT/mTOR

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a lethal gastrointestinal disorder, yet no specific and effective treatment is available. Its pathogenesis involves inflammatory cascade, oxidative stress, and autophagy dysfunction. Xanthohumol (Xn) displays various medicinal properties,including anti-inflammation, antioxidative, and enhancing autophagic flux. However, it is unclear whether Xn inhibits SAP. This study investigated the efficacy of Xn on sodium taurocholate (NaT)-induced SAP (NaT-SAP) in vitro and in vivo. First, Xn attenuated biochemical and histopathological responses in NaT-SAP mice. And Xn reduced NaT-induced necrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy impairment. The mTOR activator MHY1485 and the AKT activator SC79 partly reversed the treatment effect of Xn. Overall, this is an innovative study to identify that Xn improved pancreatic injury by enhancing autophagic flux via inhibition of AKT/mTOR. Xn is expected to become a novel SAP therapeutic agent

Photocatalytic abstraction of hydrogen atoms from water using hydroxylated graphitic carbon nitride for hydrogenative coupling reactions

Employing pure water, the ultimate green source of hydrogen donor to initiate chemical reactions that involve a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) step is fascinating but challenging due to its large H−O bond dissociation energy (BDEH-O=5.1 eV). Many approaches have been explored to stimulate water for hydrogenative reactions, but the efficiency and productivity still require significant enhancement. Here, we show that the surface hydroxylated graphitic carbon nitride (gCN−OH) only requires 2.25 eV to activate H−O bonds in water, enabling abstraction of hydrogen atoms via dehydrogenation of pure water into hydrogen peroxide under visible light irradiation. The gCN−OH presents a stable catalytic performance for hydrogenative N−N coupling, pinacol-type coupling and dehalogenative C−C coupling, all with high yield and efficiency, even under solar radiation, featuring extensive impacts in using renewable energy for a cleaner process in dye, electronic, and pharmaceutical industries

Characterization of MITF gene in crayfish and their possible role in innate immunity

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a tissue-specific transcription factor (TF), with a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) domain, which binds to the canonical E-box sequence (5’-CANNTG-3’) in the promoter region of target genes. In this study, the MITF-like protein was identified in the marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis). The full-length cDNA coding sequence of the most similar gene to MITF from marbled crayfish is 1284bp (427 amino acids). In the secondary and tertiary structure of the deduced amino acid sequence, a conserved functional structure of bHLH-LZ was shown, which could bind to E-box. In the phylogenetic analysis, this obtained MITF-like gene showed a lager evolutionary distance to all the vertebrates and some invertebrates like lancelet (Branchiostoma belcheri), starfish (Acanthaster planci), sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) and (Lytechinus variegatus), but is closer than worms (Caenorhabditis elegans). The bHLH-LZ domain is located in exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, and exon 9 in the MITF gene and has a similar structure as the corresponding exons in human. Besides, in this study, a comparison of exon-intron structure of MITF between human, mouse, fruit fly and marbled crayfish was performed, it was shown that the splicing sites of the bHLH-LZ domain in MITF gene might be conserved across species. To evaluate the possible role of MITF as a TF in innate immune system regulation, a similar prophenoloxidase (proPO) DNA sequence was analysed for the presence of E-box. The proPO gene is responsible for trapping and myelinization of pathogens in invertebrate. The proPO-like gene of marbled crayfish contains eight CANNTG sequences. In addition, anti-apoptotic factor (BCL-2)-like gene was found in marbled crayfish and four CANNTG sequences were found. Our results provided evidence of the presence of MITF-like gene in crayfish species and may provide knowledge on the role of MITF in innate immune activation