Типы конституциональных диатезов у детей с туберкулезной инфекцией

Diathesis or constitutional abnormality is a polygenically inherited tendency of an organism to diseases, objectively recognized by deviations from the normal phenotype. There are 4 types of diatheses: exudative-catarrhal, lymphatic-hypoplastic, neuro-arthritic and allergic. The aim of the work was to identify and determine the frequency of diathesis in children with different course of tuberculosis infection. 225 children aged from 1 to 14 years were examined: 108 children with active forms of tuberculosis; 54 children with residual post-tuberculosis changes; 63 children with latent tuberculosis infection. It was found that among patients with active tuberculosis, children with lymphatic-hypoplastic (17.6 ± 3.7%) and neuro-arthritic diathesis (16.7 ± 3.6%) are most common, and children with allergic diathesis (11.1 ± 3.0% of cases) are less common. Children with lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis often develop a complicated course of tuberculosis (26.3 ± 10.1%), there is a pronounced intoxication syndrome (58.0± 11.3%). The frequency of occurrence of children with allergic diathesis is higher in patients with residual post-tuberculosis changes (29.6 ± 6.2%) and with latent tuberculosis infection (33.3 ± 6.0%) than in patients with active tuberculosis (11.1 ± 3.0%)Diateza sau anomalia constituţională este o tendinţă moştenită poligenic a unui organism către maladii, obiectiv recunoscută prin devieri de la fenotipul normal. Există 4 tipuri de diateze: exudativ-catarală, limfatic-hipoplastică, ne-uro-artritică şi alergică. Scopul lucrării a fost de a identifica şi determina frecvenţa diatezei la copiii cu curs diferit de infecţie cu tuberculoză. Au fost examinaţi 225 de copii cu vârste cuprinse între 1 şi 14 ani: 108 copii cu forme active de tuberculoză; 54 de copii cu modificări reziduale post-tuberculoză; 63 de copii cu infecţie latentă cu tuberculoză. S-a constatat că printre pacienţii cu tuberculoză activă, copiii cu diateză limfo-hipoplastică (17,6 ± 3,7%) şi neuro-artritică (16,7 ± 3,6%) sunt cei mai frecvenţi, iar copiii cu diateză alergică (11,1 ± 3,0% din cazuri) sunt mai puţini. Copiii cu diateză limfatic-hipoplastică dezvoltă adesea un curs complicat de tuberculoză (26,3 ± 10,1%), există un sindrom de intoxicaţie pronunţat (58,0 ± 11,3%). Frecvenţa apariţiei copiilor cu diateză alergică este mai mare la pacienţii cu modificări post-tuberculoase reziduale (29,6 ± 6,2%) şi cu infecţie latentă a tuberculozei (33,3 ± 6,0%) decât la pacienţii cu tuberculoză activă (11,1 ± 3,0%)Диатез или аномалия конституции — полигенно наследуемая склонность организма к заболеваниям, объективно распознаваемая по отклонениям от нормального фенотипа. Выделяют 4 типа диатезов: экссудативно-катаральный, лимфатико-гипопластический, нервно-артритический и аллергический. Целью работы было выявление и определение частоты встречаемости диатезов при различном течение туберкулезной инфекции у детей. Обследованы 225 детей в возрасте от 1 года до 14 лет: 108 детей с активными формами туберкулеза; 54 ребенка с остаточными посттуберкулезными изменениями; 63 ребенка с латентной туберкулезной инфекцией. Выявлено, что среди пациентов с активным туберкулезом наиболее часто встречаются дети с лимфатико-гипопластическим (17,6 ± 3,7%) и нервно-артритическим диатезом (16,7 ± 3,6%), реже дети с аллергическим диатезом (11,1 ±3,0% случаев). У детей с лимфатико-гипопластическим диатезом чаще развивается осложненное течение туберкулеза (26,3 ± 10,1%), наблюдается выраженный синдром интоксикации (58,0± 11,3%). Частота встречаемости детей с аллергическим диатезом выше у пациентов с остаточными посттуберкулезными изменениями (29,6 ± 6,2%) и с латентной туберкулезной инфекцией (33,3 ± 6,0%), чем у пациентов с активным туберкулезом (11,1 ± 3,0%

Evaluation of natural language processing from emergency department computerized medical records for intra-hospital syndromic surveillance

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The identification of patients who pose an epidemic hazard when they are admitted to a health facility plays a role in preventing the risk of hospital acquired infection. An automated clinical decision support system to detect suspected cases, based on the principle of syndromic surveillance, is being developed at the University of Lyon's Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse. This tool will analyse structured data and narrative reports from computerized emergency department (ED) medical records. The first step consists of developing an application (UrgIndex) which automatically extracts and encodes information found in narrative reports. The purpose of the present article is to describe and evaluate this natural language processing system.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Narrative reports have to be pre-processed before utilizing the French-language medical multi-terminology indexer (ECMT) for standardized encoding. UrgIndex identifies and excludes syntagmas containing a negation and replaces non-standard terms (abbreviations, acronyms, spelling errors...). Then, the phrases are sent to the ECMT through an Internet connection. The indexer's reply, based on Extensible Markup Language, returns codes and literals corresponding to the concepts found in phrases. UrgIndex filters codes corresponding to suspected infections. Recall is defined as the number of relevant processed medical concepts divided by the number of concepts evaluated (coded manually by the medical epidemiologist). Precision is defined as the number of relevant processed concepts divided by the number of concepts proposed by UrgIndex. Recall and precision were assessed for respiratory and cutaneous syndromes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Evaluation of 1,674 processed medical concepts contained in 100 ED medical records (50 for respiratory syndromes and 50 for cutaneous syndromes) showed an overall recall of 85.8% (95% CI: 84.1-87.3). Recall varied from 84.5% for respiratory syndromes to 87.0% for cutaneous syndromes. The most frequent cause of lack of processing was non-recognition of the term by UrgIndex (9.7%). Overall precision was 79.1% (95% CI: 77.3-80.8). It varied from 81.4% for respiratory syndromes to 77.0% for cutaneous syndromes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study demonstrates the feasibility of and interest in developing an automated method for extracting and encoding medical concepts from ED narrative reports, the first step required for the detection of potentially infectious patients at epidemic risk.</p

Ovarian reserve and autoimmune thyroid diseases

Present literature review provides information about clinical trials that evaluated the association of the carriage of antithyroid antibodies (ATA) and the reduction of the ovarian reserve, as well as the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies. The ambiguity and sometimes the opposite of the conclusions of different authors, makes it possible to recommend a balanced attitude to the advisability of screening for ATA in women with a reproductive dysfunction as well as the therapeutic measures proposed in some guidelines based on the results of such examination

Retinoblastoma seeds: Impact on American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical staging

Aim To investigate whether the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical category cT2b needs to be subclassified by the type and distribution of retinoblastoma (RB) seeding. Methods Multicentre, international registry-based data were collected from RB centres enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. 1054 RB eyes with vitreous or subretinal seeds from 18 ophthalmic oncology centres, in 13 countries within six continents were analysed. Local treatment failure was defined as the use of secondary enucleation or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Clinical category cT2b included 1054 eyes. Median age at presentation was 16.0 months. Of these, 428 (40.6%) eyes were salvaged, and 430 (40.8%) were treated with primary and 196 (18.6%) with secondary enucleation. Of the 592 eyes that had complete data for globe salvage analysis, the distribution of seeds was focal in 143 (24.2%) and diffuse in 449 (75.8%). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative globe-salvage (without EBRT) was 78% and 49% for eyes with focal and diffuse RB seeding, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher local treatment failure risk with diffuse seeds as compared with focal seeds (hazard rate: 2.8; p<0.001). There was insufficient evidence to prove or disprove an association between vitreous seed type and local treatment failure risk(p=0.06). Conclusion This international, multicentre, registry-based analysis of RB eyes affirmed that eyes with diffuse intraocular distribution of RB seeds at diagnosis had a higher risk of local treatment failure when compared with focal seeds. Subclassification of AJCC RB category cT2b into focal vs diffuse seeds will improve prognostication for eye salvage.Fil: Tomar, Ankit Singh. New York Eye Cancer Center; Estados UnidosFil: Finger, Paul T.. New York Eye Cancer Center; Estados UnidosFil: Gallie, Brenda. University Of Toronto. Hospital For Sick Children; CanadáFil: Kivelä, Tero. University of Helsinki; Finlandia. Helsinki University Hospital; FinlandiaFil: Mallipatna, Ashwin. University Of Toronto. Hospital For Sick Children; Canadá. Narayana Nethralaya; IndiaFil: Zhang, Chengyue. Beijing Children's Hospital; ChinaFil: Zhao, Junyang. Beijing Children's Hospital; ChinaFil: Wilson, Matthew. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Brennan, Rachel. St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Burges, Michala. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Kim, Jonathan. Keck Medical School of the University of Southern California; Estados UnidosFil: Berry, Jesse L.. Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Jubran, Rima. Childrens Hospital Society of Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Khetan, Vikas. Vitreo Retinal Services; IndiaFil: Ganeshan, Suganeswari. Vitreo Retinal Services; IndiaFil: Yarovoy, Andrey. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution; RusiaFil: Yarovaya, Vera. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution; RusiaFil: Kotova, Elena. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution; RusiaFil: Volodin, Denis. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution; RusiaFil: Yousef, Yacoub. King Hussein Cancer Center; JordaniaFil: Nummi, Kalle. University of Helsinki; Finlandia. Helsinki University Hospital; FinlandiaFil: Ushakova, Tatiana L.. N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center; Rusia. Russian Academy of Postgraduate Medical Education; RusiaFil: Yugay, Olga V.. N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center; RusiaFil: Polyakov, Vladimir G. N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center; Rusia. Russian Academy of Sciences; RusiaFil: Ramirez Ortiz, Marco Antonio. Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; MéxicoFil: Esparza Aguiar, Elizabeth. Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; MéxicoFil: Chantada, Guillermo Luis. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Schaiquevich, Paula Susana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fandiño, Adriana Cristina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Yam, Jason C.. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine; Hong Kon

Distance learning during coronavirus: Problems and solutions

This article concerns distance learning in modern conditions, its principles of operation, advantages and disadvantages, problems of students learning remotely, and also tells about our own experience of overcoming problems associated with the distance learning organization. In this article the difference between external programs and distance learning is being given, with the following describing features of the process. The authors cover the issues of organizing a proper distance learning process and analyze the experience of telecommuting and problems revealed by coronavirus restrictions. Results of the research suggest the structure of distant courses and discussion of distance learning strengths and weaknesses that teachers all around Russia faced to. Also attention is paid to analyses of the best suitable tasks that perform all goals of educational process and the problems that were discovered are being suggested solutions and ways to eliminate them

Distance learning during coronavirus: problems and solutions

This article concerns distance learning in modern conditions, its principles of operation, advantages and disadvantages, problems of students learning remotely, and also tells about our own experience of overcoming problems associated with the distance learning organization. In this article the difference between external programs and distance learning is being given, with the following describing features of the process. The authors cover the issues of organizing a proper distance learning process and analyze the experience of telecommuting and problems revealed by coronavirus restrictions. Results of the research suggest the structure of distant courses and discussion of distance learning strengths and weaknesses that teachers all around Russia faced to. Also attention is paid to analyses of the best suitable tasks that perform all goals of educational process and the problems that were discovered are being suggested solutions and ways to eliminate them

Development of the regional agro-industrial complex in case of economic sanctions

The article examines the development of the agro-industrial complex in Russia from the point of view of the foreign trade aspect, the production aspect and the consumer aspect. By means of comparative analysis and calculation of differentiation coefficients, the degree of difference in the development of the regional agro-industrial complex in conditions of sanctions pressure is characterized. Tracking the dynamics of changes in the studied indicators made it possible to identify the positive impact of sanctions, which for most regions is expressed in a real decrease in dependence on imports of agricultural products due to a consistently implemented import substitution strategy, as well as their negative consequences, which are manifested, in particular, at the consumption level

Molecular Modeling of Viral Type I Fusion Proteins: Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin and the Spike Protein of Coronavirus

The fusion of viral and cell membranes is one of the basic processes in the life cycles of viruses. A number of enveloped viruses confer fusion of the viral envelope and the cell membrane using surface viral fusion proteins. Their conformational rearrangements lead to the unification of lipid bilayers of cell membranes and viral envelopes and the formation of fusion pores through which the viral genome enters the cytoplasm of the cell. A deep understanding of all the stages of conformational transitions preceding the fusion of viral and cell membranes is necessary for the development of specific inhibitors of viral reproduction. This review systematizes knowledge about the results of molecular modeling aimed at finding and explaining the mechanisms of antiviral activity of entry inhibitors. The first section of this review describes types of viral fusion proteins and is followed by a comparison of the structural features of class I fusion proteins, namely influenza virus hemagglutinin and the S-protein of the human coronavirus

Triterpenic Acid Amides as Potential Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease

Although the incidence and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been declining during the pandemic, the problem related to designing novel antiviral drugs that could effectively resist viruses in the future remains relevant. As part of our continued search for chemical compounds that are capable of exerting an antiviral effect against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we studied the ability of triterpenic acid amides to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Molecular modeling suggested that the compounds are able to bind to the active site of the main protease via non-covalent interactions. The FRET-based enzyme assay was used to reveal that compounds 1e and 1b can inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease at micromolar concentrations