Conjugates of B cells and platelet microparticles in the human peripheral blood

Background: Activated platelets shed microparticles (MPs) in vivo and certainly in vitro under storage. Like platelets, platelet-derived MPs contribute to hemostatic and inflammatory responses. We sought to determine the interactions between platelet MPs and peripheral B lymphocytes in the healthy blood circulation to propose a possible role for platelet MPs in the functioning of B cells. Materials and Methods: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established to determine the normal interactions between human peripheral blood B lymphocytes and platelet MPs. B cells were isolated and bound to the wells of microtiter plates using coated anti-CD19. Then the presence of attached MPs was surveyed. Also, platelet MPs were separated from human platelet concentrates and applied to confirm the new binding capacities of B cells for these microvesicles. Results: Platelet MPs were recognized in the wells of ELISA in which only B cells were isolated. So MPs were bound with peripheral blood B cells. Furthermore, using this method, the role of CD40/ CD40L interaction was displayed for the binding. Conclusion: It seemed that the binding of platelet MPs to B cells normally took place in vivo and a percent of B cells circulate in blood in connection with platelet MPs

The effect of cell derived microparticles in transfusion medicine and adaptive immune system

This article reviews will focus on the concept and formation of micro particles (MPs) in circulation and their role in transfusion medicine and immune system. MPs are cell membrane derived vesicles which express markers of their parent cells and are found in circulation at low levels. Exact functions of MPs are unclear. In here, Physiological almost all types of circulating MPs including platelets MPs (PMPs), leukocytes MPs (LMPs), red blood cells MPs (RMPs) and endothelial cells MPs (EMPs) have been discussed. Furthermore, MPs present in plasma and blood products and their levels increase during storage. Thus, it can be stated that MPs are likely to cause transfusion reactions, particularly thrombotic complications and Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI). Also, it is shown that the MPs may affect the immune system. However, to prove these, more and extensive studies both in vivo and in vitro need to be done

Identifying the components of the Information Resource Selection Behavior of the Members of Public Libraries Using Metasynthesis

Purpose: It is impossible to increase the use of information resources in libraries and provide user-centered information services without understanding how users select and search for information resources. Selecting information sources involves identifying a subset of available information sources that best meet the information needs of users. Selecting the right source of information has a significant effect on whether the source is read or not. Moreover, acquisition, organizing resources, and arranging them in libraries, as well as designing an efficient and user-friendly user interface that supports book selection, requires sufficient knowledge of resource selection behaviors by users; This is what not sufficiently known in Iran. Thus, this study aimed to identify the components and dimensions of the selection behavior of information resources of public library users and to design the relevant conceptual model. Method: The present research is a meta-synthesis study that was conducted with a qualitative approach, following the seven steps of the Sandelowski and Barroso method. The research population consists of articles and dissertations published in seven Persian databases and eight international databases between 2000 and 2020 (1379 to 1399 SH). Out of 7560 identified sources, 35 sources were approved under the Vital Skills Assessment Program. The codes were extracted from the articles, and the reliability of the coding was assessed using the kappa coefficient. Findings: A total of 176 codes including 26 concepts were extracted and categorized under five categories as follows: user-related factors (including source selection objectives, tasks, and needs, personality traits and user life, demographic characteristics, interest and emotion, previous user experiences, reasons for interaction or relationship with books, selection strategies, and costs); book-related factors (including appearance features, bibliographic elements, content elements, content quality, storybook content, book style, language and relevance, popularity, and distinction); library-related factors (facilities, shelves, and arrangement of books and ancillary programs); barriers and restrictions (including individual, library and community barriers and restrictions); and recommendations and theatrical productions of works (including direct and indirect recommendations and theatrical productions of works). According to the findings, a user, depending on his situation, spends time and money under the influence of the library environment and its facilities, and examines and selects a source in terms of various appearance and content features, and communicates with that source (book) and reads it for reasons such as the overall perceived attractiveness of a book, being engaged with the story in the book, the atmosphere of the book, the personal experience narrated by the characters, and so on; influenced by the recommendations and theatrical productions of works, the user may face obstacles in choosing the source that has been created by himself/herself, the library or the community. Originality/value: The model of information resource selection behavior of public library members is indicative of the complexity and effectiveness of this behavior from a wide range of factors, including individual differences, physical and content characteristics of the book, and environmental factors. The designed model can be used as a basis for a broad survey of users’ information resource selection behavior in physical and virtual environments, as well as as a guide to collection building, space designing, and service designing in libraries, the compilation of resources, and designing the appearance and structure of books by authors and publishers

An Analysis of the Book Selection Behavior of Adolescent Members of Public Libraries in Iran

The correct selection of information sources significantly impacts the readability of the retrieved sources in the library. On the other hand, the collection development, organization of resources, and their classification in libraries, as well as the design of efficient and user-friendly user interfaces that sufficiently support the selection of resources, require sufficient knowledge of the behavior of choosing resources by users. Based on this, the present study aimed to identify the components of book selection behavior by adolescent members of public libraries in Kermanshah Province of Iran. The current research was conducted with a qualitative approach, and the research method was qualitative content analysis. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The participants were adolescent members of Kermanshah Province public libraries affiliated to the Iran Public Libraries Foundation in the winter of 2021. The purposive sampling, also known as judgmental sampling, was used to select participants and continued until data saturation was reached. The qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the findings. The analysis of the interview data led to the formation of 12 main codes and 285 sub-codes, which were classified into 5 categories and 30 concepts. The main categories were: factors related to the user (including demographic characteristics; personality and intellectual characteristics; interest; life issues and events; previous knowledge; experiences and skills; the goals of selecting a book in public libraries; time and cost spent to select; selection strategies; the process of selecting a book; measurement of credit and quality of resources; the causes of communicating with the book and reading it up to the end; reasons for not reading or half reading books); factors related to books (including apparent and physical elements; bibliographic elements; content elements; mold, language, expression and style); factors related to the library (consisting of reading programs; environmental factors; facilities and facilities; human factors); people, media, productions, occasions, programs, and lists influencing book selection (including persons; media; production of printed works; occasions and programs; lists); and barriers to book selection in public libraries (includes: library; book; person; society). The behavior of selecting information resources of adolescent members of public libraries showed the complexity and influence of this behavior by numerous factors, including individual differences, appearance and content characteristics of books, environmental factors, and library factors. The components identified in the aforementioned behavior can be used as a basis for a broad survey of users’ information resource selection behavior in physical and virtual environments and can also be used as a guide for acquisition, space creation, and service design in libraries, compilation of resources and appearance, and structural design of books by authors and publishers

What if no Specific Treatment or Vaccine Develops, in the Status of COVID-19 Pandemic?

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is leading to a great number of mortalities throughout the world these days. To date, no specific drug or vaccine has been developed so the only available options are preventive strategies like quarantine. In summer, the transmission rate of this virus may reduce, however, it is possible that the disease prevails and becomes endemic

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL MODEL FOR MINING METHOD SELECTION IN A FUZZY ENVIRONMENT; CASE STUDY: TAZAREH COAL MINE, SEMNAN PROVINCE, IRAN

Odabir rudarske metode za bilo koju mineralnu sirovinu najvažniji je korak kod započinjanja i održavanja uspješnoga rudarenja. S obzirom na velike troškove i utjecaj na okoliš odabranu rudarsku metodu pridobivanja obično je nemoguće promijeniti kada pridobivanje započne. Odabir metode uglavnom se temelji na geološkim i geometrijskim svojstvima sirovine, utjecaju na okoliš, mogućim opasnostima te općenito uporabi tla na kojemu se rudari. U radu je prikazan razvoj nove metode kojom se postiže stabilan iznos proizvodnje, ali i smanjuju problemi u okolišu. Njezina uporaba objašnjena je na primjeru rudnika ugljena Tazareh. Istaknuti su nedostatci prethodnih rudarskih metoda te kako su oni riješeni novim pristupom nazvanim TOPSIS. Rije« je o postupku odlučivanja s više varijabli, oblikovanome neizrazitom logikom. Danas je upravo ta metoda u primjeni u navedenome rudniku.Mining method selection (MMS) for mineral resources is one of the most significant steps in mining production management. Due to high costs involved and environmental problems, it is usually not possible to change the coal mining method after planning and starting the operation. In most cases, MMS can be considered as an irreversible process. Selecting a method for mining mainly depends on geological, geometrical properties of the resource, environmental impacts of exploration, impacts of hazardous activities and land use management. This paper seeks to develop a novel model for mining method selection in order to achieve a stable production rate and to reduce environmental problems. This novel model is illustrated by implementing for Tazareh coal mine. Given the disadvantages of the previous models for selecting coal mining method, the purpose of this research is modifying the previous models and offering a comprehensive model. In this respect, TOPSIS method is used as a powerful multi attribute decision-making procedure in Fuzzy environment. After implementation of the presented model in Tazareh coal mine, long wall mining method has been selected as the most appropriate mining method

The socioeconomic and political determinants of life expectancy in selected countries of the world

Background: Longevity as an important measure of health is evaluated based on life expectancy at birth. Since the mid-twentieth century, increasing life expectancy has been considered as an evident indication of demographic change, and most countries have experienced a significant increase in life expectancy. The aim of this study is to identify the economic, social and political determinants of life expectancy and to estimate their related effects. Methods: With the use of panel data obtained from World Bank and GLS approach, we investigate the effects of the factors on life expectancy at birth in selected countries of the world during 2000-2016. Result: The econometric results show that GDP per capita, literacy rate, health expenditure per capita and democracy impact the life expectancy positively. Reversely, GDP per capita squared (in logarithm) influence life expectancy negatively. GDP per capita has the strongest impact on life expectancy. The results indicate at per to 20000 capita income equal US$, 1% increase in GDP per capita causes 0.205%, 0.207% and 0.209% increase in life expectancy for total population, males and females, respectively. Conclusion: Positive effect of economic variables of GDP per capita and health expenditure per capita on life expectancy conducts to adopt policies and interventions to improve economic status on a global scale, especially in poor and low income countries. Also, the provision of education opportunities, especially in the low-income countries, and the transition from autocratic political systems to democratic societies may result in longevity and increase the supply of labor in the long-run

The Effect of Sexual Health Education Program on Women Sexual Function in Iran

Background: Sexual dysfunction is the most common disorder in women. According to the WHO, sexual education programs are considered as a need. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of educational program on sexual function in women with sexual dysfunction. Methods: This randomized trial, was conducted in 2013 on 90 married women by convenient sampling in Qazvin, central Iran. The demographic, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaires were completed during structured interviews. After completing the sample size, subjects were divided randomly into two groups by using the table of random numbers (educational and control groups), then respectively received an educational intervention in the four sessions with one week interval and routine program offered by the center and following-up was done with refilling questionnaires 8 weeks after intervention. Results: Sexual function improved after sex educational programs in all dimensions (sexual desire (P=0.006), sexual exciting (P=0.006), vaginal moisture (P=0.002), sexual satisfaction (P=0.011), and total score of sexual function (P=0.001). Conclusions: Considering the importance role of sexual function in family strength, health, and development, it can be claimed that educational sex programs can help practitioners to improve sexual function of married women with sexual dysfunction

Detection and estimation of Platelet- derived MicroParticles Quantity during Storage Time

Background: Platelet MPs are produced automatically during platelet storage. Their size is about 0.1 – 1 µm and have ability for sub- endothelium adhering, strengthen of platelet aggregation and also platelet pre- coagulation. In fact, the release of membrane particles helps to signal to the neighbor cells or to seclude target cells from apoptosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of time passing on platelet MPs production.Methods: In this experimental study, 12 units of PC from healthy donors were obtained. Sampling was done at 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after storage. After separating of MPs, they were prepared for flow cytometery analyses by anti- CD41a FITC and assessed their concentration through Bradford methods. Paired sample T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the results and investigate the probable significant differences of this experiment.Results: There was no significant difference in platelet MPs concentration between PC stored in day 2 and 3. (P> 0.05) On the other hand, we could claim significant differences in platelet MPs concentration between PC stored in day 3 and day 5 and also between day 5 and day 7. (P< 0.05)Conclusions: We showed that the production or releasing of platelet MPs were considerable by passing time. Also by increasing of  storage time, platelet component included more MPs which were able to signal and produce interaction with other cells in patient receiving bodies. As a result, it was possible to interfere in their immune responses, inflammatory or coagulation processes after transfusio

Detection and estimation of Platelet- derived MicroParticles Quantity during Storage Time

Background: Platelet MPs are produced automatically during platelet storage. Their size is about 0.1 – 1 µm and have ability for sub- endothelium adhering, strengthen of platelet aggregation and also platelet pre- coagulation. In fact, the release of membrane particles helps to signal to the neighbor cells or to seclude target cells from apoptosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of time passing on platelet MPs production.Methods: In this experimental study, 12 units of PC from healthy donors were obtained. Sampling was done at 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after storage. After separating of MPs, they were prepared for flow cytometery analyses by anti- CD41a FITC and assessed their concentration through Bradford methods. Paired sample T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the results and investigate the probable significant differences of this experiment.Results: There was no significant difference in platelet MPs concentration between PC stored in day 2 and 3. (P> 0.05) On the other hand, we could claim significant differences in platelet MPs concentration between PC stored in day 3 and day 5 and also between day 5 and day 7. (P< 0.05)Conclusions: We showed that the production or releasing of platelet MPs were considerable by passing time. Also by increasing of  storage time, platelet component included more MPs which were able to signal and produce interaction with other cells in patient receiving bodies. As a result, it was possible to interfere in their immune responses, inflammatory or coagulation processes after transfusio