Contribution of cocoa agroforestry systems to family income and domestic comsumption: looking toward intensification.

Esta base de datos contiene informacion para 40 parcelas agroforestales por cada uno de los cinco paises centroamericanos beneficiados bajo el marco del proyecto PCC (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua y Panama); asi mismo contiene el articulo cientifico producto de esta base de datos. Esta base de datos esta en formato .XLS y en ella se relaciona la abundancia y riqueza de especies de plantas, tallo diametros, produccion de varios componentes del sistema, los ingresos por la venta de productos de las parcelas de cacao, el consumo de los productos en los hogares, los flu jos de efectivo y las ganancias de la familia

Prolonged breastfeeding protects from obesity by hypothalamic action of hepatic FGF21

International audienceEarly-life determinants are thought to be a major factor in the rapid increase of obesity. However, while maternal nutrition has been extensively studied, the effects of breastfeeding by the infant on the reprogramming of energy balance in childhood and throughout adulthood remain largely unknown. Here we show that delayed weaning in rat pups protects them against diet-induced obesity in adulthood, through enhanced brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and energy expenditure. In-depth metabolic phenotyping in this rat model as well as in transgenic mice reveals that the effects of prolonged suckling are mediated by increased hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) production and tanycyte-controlled access to the hypothalamus in adulthood. Specifically, FGF21 activates GABA-containing neurons expressing dopamine receptor 2 in the lateral hypothalamic area and zona incerta. Prolonged breastfeeding thus constitutes a protective mechanism against obesity by affecting long-lasting physiological changes in liver-to-hypothalamus communication and hypothalamic metabolic regulation