Determinants of Customer Perception Regarding Purchase of Counterfeit Garments, Evidence from Rahim Yar Khan Region(Pakistan).

There are lots of reasons to purchase counterfeits in this world. People purchase counterfeits due to its low price, to seek social status, due to their low income etc. The sale of counterfeits has a great effect on any country’s economy and it also damages the intellectual property rights. So the research in this matter is a dire need in market. Several Research Studies in the world have discussed reasons of buying counterfeits in different regions. This research paper aims to understand the determinants of customer perception regarding purchase of counterfeit garments in Rahim Yar Khan Region. This paper tries to analyze whether these determinants are one of the reasons of buying counterfeits. A sample of 200 respondents was collected from the population. The collected data after being coded were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social sciences Research (SPSS) and various statistical tests were applied based on hypotheses and matching variables. Keywords: Determinants of counterfeits, Purchase Intention towards counterfeits, Counterfeit product purchas

Impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Exports on Economic Growth of Pakistan

In this study, by means of instance succession exploration we observed impact of foreign direct investment, exports and exchange rate on economy intensification of Pakistan. Information were collected from IMF  ,World Bank range figures since 1990 to 2010. We used four variables for this purpose like GDP; it is dependent variable and independent variables similar to Foreign Direct Investment, export and Exchange Rate. By using technique ofOLS and Unit Root Test, thepositive relationship sends abroad and foreign direct investment on GDP. The study conduct aims to analyze benefit of FDI in Pakistan. The objective of FDI is to earn maximum profit and show in form of administrative skills, superior knowledge, improved an employment opportunities, add to in government returns and cause decrease unemployment of country. Remittance inflows in 2004-05 reach US$ 1524 million as maximum if compared last three year in country. This finds FDI in Pakistan more appropriate areas are energy sector, IT and telecommunication, value additional material .Management of Pakistan responsive to significance FDI and results show that is important effect of export and FDI on an economy growth of Pakistan. Keywords:GDP, FDI, Exports, Exchange rate

The Problem Of Adverse Selection In Business Education

The quality of output from a process, to a substantial extent, depends upon quality of the input. The performance of an educational institution badly suffers when it faces a ‘wear out’ in the quality of its in-take. Sometimes it is a deficient induction criterion due to which inappropriate elements hold majority in admitted population of an institution. In this paper, the case of a business education institute, which has been facing a similar problem, is discussed. The authors construct various propositions concerning the relevant ‘concepts of interest’ and then gauge their truth value through a survey of archival records of admitted students with an intent of establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between admission policy and the students’ academic performance

Conceptualizations and Measurement Issues in Customer Loyalty: A Systematic Literature Review

Customer loyalty is amongst the main phenomenon of concern for marketing practitioners and academicians because of its link to organizational survival, development and growth. Loyalty reflects the customer’s sense of belongings or affections with the firm’s employee, product or service. These intentions directly affect the customer-rephrased behaviors, which is resulted into positive word of mouth. This study is based on systematic review of the current body of literature and issues that impede the current research related to customer loyalty domain in the telecom sector. This study also addresses the issues related to the robustness of measurements and conceptualizations in the past and contemporary research findings. For systematic review, Studies has been abstracted from the reputable search engines like Google scholar, Ebscohost, Research Gate and well reputable publishing groups like, Emerald, Elsevier, Science direct, Taylor & Francis. Systematic process was adopted for reviewing the literature of the selected studies. Moreover, Data for review is abstracted from the literature review and results revealed from the past and contemporary studies. Keywords: Customer Loyalty, Systematic review, Telecom sector

Determinants of customer loyalty in Pakistan's Telecom sector: An exmination of differences between stayers and switchers

Customer loyalty has gained foremost attention among the practitioners and the academic researchers because of its proximity to organizational growth, profit and survival. Based on existing literature, this study has highlighted a few critical issues related to the telecommunication sector in Pakistan such as the decline in subscriber growth, decrease in average revenue, and the increasing trend of users switching among the telecom operators. The objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of perceived service quality, price fairness, justice to service and relational bonds on customer loyalty with the mediating role of customer satisfaction and the moderating role of corporate image. This study also investigated the perceptions of stayer- and switcher- users on the determinants of customer loyalty. The framework of the present study was based on the Oliver Four Stage Model, the Expectancy Confirmation Model and the Principles of Reciprocity. Data for the current study was collected from 539 prepaid subscribers based in four major capital cities of Pakistan through questionnaires by adopting the proportionate stratified random sampling. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23 and the Smart PLS Structure Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings of the study revealed that perceived service quality and customer satisfaction are the main driving forces to customer loyalty. Moreover, customer satisfaction successfully mediates perceived service quality, price fairness, justice to service recovery and relational bonds. However, corporate image does not moderate the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Meanwhile, perceived service quality and relational bonds to loyalty relationship are important to the stayer- users, while price fairness and justice to service recovery are important to switchers. The present study has also suggested some theoretical and practical contributions

Revisiting Capital Structure and Firm Value: Moderating Role of Corporate Governance: Evidence from Pakistan

The aim of the study was to examine the most discussed relationship between capital structure and firm value by investigating the intervening impact of various corporate governance measures. chief idea of the study was to observe the moderating impact of chosen governance attributes (board size, board independence, CEO role duality, managerial ownership and ownership concentration) on the relationship between capital structure (leverage) and firm value (Tobin’ Q). The study used the 775 firm year observations of 155 non-financial companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchange for financial years containing 2008 to 2012. Keeping in view the nature of data (balanced panel), fixed effects regression method was employed to estimate the formulated relationship. In finding moderation, this study found significant positive moderation for board independence and ownership concentration. However for managerial ownership this study found significant negative moderating effect between leverage and firm value. Keywords: Moderation, Capital structure, Firm value, Corporate Governance

Impact of FDI and Trade Balance on Economic Growth during 1990-2014, a Case Study of Pakistan

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables, Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Balance on the Economic Growth (GDP) on Pakistan economy by using the 25 years data from the time period 1990-2014.Methodology:For the empirical finding time series annually data are used to monitor by examination the stationarity of all dependent and independent variables. Unit root (ADF) test are used to check the stationarity of all the variables. Additionally The Johansen co-integrated test to check the long run relationship in the middle of the variables and to see the short run relationship VECM are used. All the variables are significant, and goodness of fit use regression the econometric model is analyses.Findings:The study found that there is significant impact of independent variables Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Balance on dependent variable GDP. And the signs of co-efficient shows, Trade Balance have negative relation with GDP while Foreign Direct Investment has positive relation with GDP. Keywords: Unit Root , Co-integrated , ECM , Regression , FDI , Trade Balanc

Does Organizational Support Enhance the Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Service Industry with Moderating Role of Service Climate?

This study shows that the organizational support and altruism play vital role in increasing the organizational citizenship behavior. In the service industry, service climate play moderator role where the individuals of the organization feel the high intensity of obligation to perform their duties. Employees contact directly with their customers and it is necessary for employees to perform the supportive and helping behavior to achieve the effectiveness of organization while delivering services. Results of this study are based on the conceptual theory. It indicates that the organizational support and altruism have positive impact on the citizenship behavior. In other words perceived organizational support and altruism increases the OCB in the moderating effect of service climate. This study also indicates that the intensity of the OCB depends on the service climate if it will be weak the OCB will be low and if it is high the OCB will be high. Its importance has increased in the service industries. Managerial implications are also discussed in this study. Keywords: Organizational support, altruism, organizational citizenship behavior, service climate

Role of Person-Organizational Fit between Job Stress, Organizational Justice, and Turnover Intentions: A Developing Country Perspective

The purpose of this research is to investigate the interrelationship between job stress, organizational justice, and turnover intention in the hospitality industry of Bahawalpur, with the moderating effect of person-organization-fit. The study used self-administered questionnaires to collect data, which was then analyzed using advanced statistical techniques such as SPSS and SEM-PLS. The findings indicate a positive correlation between job stress and turnover intention, as well as between organizational justice and turnover intention. The results also suggest that person-organization-fit plays a moderating role in the relationship between job stress and turnover intention, but not in the relationship between organizational justice and turnover intention. The study contributes to both practical and theoretical aspects of the literature and provides recommendations for future research while acknowledging its limitations. &nbsp

Knowledge management maturity and growth: A strategic perspective of Pakistani universities

Purpose of the study was to provide a road map for practitioners to access the knowledge management maturity and align the knowledge management with business strategies achieving the objectives. This study is conducted in Pakistani universities. Knowledge management maturity assessment questionnaire is use in this study for accessing the level of knowledge management maturity and growth. Data is analyzed through SPSS and AMOS. Descriptive statistics, correlation, confirmatory factor analysis and structure equation modeling techniques are use in this study to interpret the data. Result of the study show that information management is enabler of knowledge the management but not a knowledge management. Results show that knowledge management is strategic resource, which is not transferable. Mean of variable show that organization considered the knowledge management as strategic resource and trying to build infrastructure for successful institutionalization of knowledge management. But there is still gap in formulation of knowledge management strategies and implementation of knowledge management strategies. This study suggests that knowledge management is not at maturity level in Pakistani universities. There is still need to focus more and more on knowledge management for achieving the knowledge management growth. Keywords: Knowledge management, Knowledge as asset, Formulation of knowledge management strategies, Implementation of knowledge management strategies, Knowledge management performance, Knowledge management maturity, Knowledge management growt