Professional culture as vector of success

У статті розглянуто професійну культура як вектор формування успішної професійної самореалізації. На базі теоретичних матеріалів проаналізовано етимологію і визначення поняття «культура» дослідниками, сформульовано визначення поняття «професійна культура», розглянуто специфіку професійної культури та виділено її елементи. Визначено та охарактеризовано зміст та умови формування професійної культури вчителя, рівні сформованості професійної культури сучасного фахівця – низький, середній, високий. Підкреслюється роль майбутніх фахівців в якості суб'єкта професійної культури, які в процесі професійної діяльності реалізовують та створюють соціокультурні цінності. Ключові слова: діяльність, суспільство, особистість, професійна культура, рівні сформованості, майбутні фахівці.The article considers professional culture as a vector of formation of successful professional self-fulfillment. On the basis of theoretical material, is analyzed the etymology and definition of the phenomenon “culture” given by researchers, formulated the definition of “professional culture”, the specificity of professional culture and its elements are highlighted. The author defines and characterizes the contents and conditions of formation of the professional culture of teachers, levels of professional culture of modern specialist – low, medium and high. It is emphasized the role of future professionals as the subject of professional culture who in the professional activity implement and create socio-cultural values. Keywords: activity, personality, professional culture, levels of culture, future specialist

Dissipation, Residue Behavior and Dietary Risk Assessment of Difenoconazole on Jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.)

Difenoconazole is a triazole germicide that is usually applied to prevent fungal diseases on crops with high efficiency and safety. Jujube is a spiny Rhamnaceous plant that originated in China more than 4000 years ago and is extensively cultivated in northern China nowadays. To evaluate the safety of difenoconazole in jujube, supervised field trials were carried out in six provinces of China, and the final residue and dissipation behavior of difenoconazole on jujube were determined by gas chromatography (GC). The results showed that when addition levels were 0.02, 0.2, and 2 mg·kg−1, average recoveries of the aforementioned method for difenoconazole in jujube can be put into the range of 73–108%, and relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3–9%. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for this method was 0.02 mg·kg−1. In the final residue test, difenoconazole was sprayed to deal with the jujube at 100 and 150 mg·kg−1 doses twice or three times, respectively, while the dissipation test was applied only once at a 150 mg·kg−1 dose. Final residue testing results have revealed that when jujube samples were harvested and tested at 7, 14, and 21 days post-application, difenoconazole residues in samples were 0.11–1.59, 0.05–0.77, 0.04–0.63 mg·kg−1, respectively. The dissipation testing results showed that the digestion process of difenoconazole in jujube tends to be a gradual reduction process and the dynamic regularity of the residue dissipation proves consistent with the first-order dynamics reaction equation. The half-life (t1/2) for difenoconazole residue dissipation in Qingdao and Yuncheng was 13.1 days and 16.5 days, respectively. The risk quotient (RQ) was 84.9% lower than 100%, showing that dietary intake risk to difenoconazole was acceptable and the maximum residue limit (MRL) of difenoconazole on jujube is recommended to be 2 mg·kg−1

Functional Analysis and Precise Location of <i>m-1a</i> in Rice

The T-DNA insertion technique is widely used in molecular breeding for its stable inheritance and low copy number in the plant genome. In our experiment, a transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertion grain of m-1a in rice was identified. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the grains appeared chalky and became extensive. The epidermis was shrinking. Meanwhile, the amylose contents of the seeds decreased significantly, and the expression of the most starch synthesis genes was obviously downregulated. Using the whole-genome sequencing and chromosome step method, the insertion position was uncovered and only located in Chr11 between 23266185 and 23266186 bp. These results may provide material for opening up new T-DNA insertion position points and a theoretical basis for rice molecular breeding

An Earthworm Peptide Alters Soil Nematode, Microbial, and Nutrient Dynamics: A Novel Mechanism of Soil Food Web Feedbacks

Earthworms are soil macrofauna that control soil ecosystems by strongly influencing soil nematodes, microorganisms, and nutrient cycling, as well as soil environmental factors. We have discovered an earthworm cyclic peptide that disrupts nematode DNA, affecting its lifespan, reproduction, and feeding preferences. To investigate the effects of this peptide on soil, it was added to soil, and changes in soil nematode, bacterial and fungal communities, soil nutrient contents, and basal respiration were measured on days 5 and 21. The results showed that the peptide reduced soil basal respiration on day 5 and soil NO3-N on day 21, decreased soil fungivores nematodes on day 5 and soil nematode abundance on day 21, and increased soil fungal community richness and diversity. It also altered the soil bacterial community structure between day 5 and the soil fungal community structure on days 5 and 21. The peptide regulates the soil environment by influencing the structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities through the soil nematode community, as demonstrated by partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) analyses. Earthworm cyclic peptides mediates tri-trophic interactions between earthworms, nematodes, microbes, and environmental factors, providing new insights into soil biota interactions and feedback in dynamic soil food webs

Chiral pharmaceuticals: Environment sources, potential human health impacts, remediation technologies and future perspective

Chiral pharmaceuticals (CPs), including non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), beta-blockers and some herbicide and pesticides, are widely used in aquaculture, clinical treatment and many other fields. However, people are increasingly concerned about such ubiquitous pollutants, which can frequently be detected in contaminated soil and water. In large part, the significant sources of chiral pharmaceuticals stem from industrial processes, such as the direct discharge of untreated or incompletely treated wastewaters containing chiral pharmaceuticals, incorrect storage and use, animal wastes and biosolids. The main ways for human exposure to chiral pharmaceuticals are the disease treatment process and chiral pharmaceuticals contaminants. According to the results of a series of toxic studies, some diseases, even cancers, may be associated with exposure to certain chiral pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the treatment of chiral pharmaceuticals has become an important issue. The current advanced remediation techniques for chiral pharmaceuticals include the conventional method (sorption and sonolysis), biotransformation (an aerobic granular sludge-sequencing batch reactor and constructed wetland system) and advanced oxidation processes (ozonation and photocatalysis). Herein, in this review, we summarize the current status and sources of chiral pharmaceuticals, potential effects on human health, as well as the superiority, disadvantages and prospects of current advanced remediation technologies. Moreover, we also anticipate the prospect of the future research needed for chiral pharmaceuticals pollutant remediation

Naphthalene Diimide Based n‑Type Conjugated Polymers as Efficient Cathode Interfacial Materials for Polymer and Perovskite Solar Cells

A series of naphthalene diimide (NDI) based n-type conjugated polymers with amino-functionalized side groups and backbones were synthesized and used as cathode interlayers (CILs) in polymer and perovskite solar cells. Because of controllable amine side groups, all the resulting polymers exhibited distinct electronic properties such as oxidation potential of side chains, charge carrier mobilities, self-doping behaviors, and interfacial dipoles. The influences of the chemical variation of amine groups on the cathode interfacial effects were further investigated in both polymer and perovskite solar cells. We found that the decreased electron-donating property and enhanced steric hindrance of amine side groups substantially weaken the capacities of altering the work function of the cathode and trap passivation of the perovskite film, which induced ineffective interfacial modifications and declining device performance. Moreover, with further improvement of the backbone design through the incorporation of a rigid acetylene spacer, the resulting polymers substantially exhibited an enhanced electron-transporting property. Upon use as CILs, high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 10.1% and 15.2% were, respectively, achieved in polymer and perovskite solar cells. Importantly, these newly developed n-type polymers were allowed to be processed over a broad thickness range of CILs in photovoltaic devices, and a prominent PCE of over 8% for polymer solar cells and 13.5% for perovskite solar cells can be achieved with the thick interlayers over 100 nm, which is beneficial for roll-to-roll coating processes. Our findings contribute toward a better understanding of the structure–performance relationship between CIL material design and solar cell performance, and provide important insights and guidelines for the design of high-performance n-type CIL materials for organic and perovskite optoelectronic devices

In Situ Grown AgI/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Visible Light Degradation of Sulfamethazine: Efficiency, Pathway, and Mechanism

Visible-light-driven photocatalysts attract great interest because they can utilize more sunlight for reactions than conventional photocatalysts. A novel visible-light-driven photocatalyst AgI/Bismuth oxychloride (Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂) hybrid was synthesized by a hydrothermal-precipitation method. Several characterization tools, such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) were employed to study the phase structures, morphologies, and optical properties of the fabricated photocatalysts. These characterizations indicated that AgI nanoparticles were evenly distributed on the surface of Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂, and heterostructures were formed. The photochemical characterizations demonstrated that the promoted separation of carrier transfer in the AgI/Bi₁₂O₁₇C_l2 heterojunction was achieved. The degradation rate of sulfamethazine (SMZ) by AgI/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ was about 7.8 times and 35.2 times higher than that of pristine Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ and BiOCl under visible-light-driven photocatalysts, respectively. It was also found that the amount of AgI in the AgI/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ composites played an important role in photocatalytic activity, and the optimized ratio was 25%. The AgI/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ shows good catalytic stability and maintains similar reactivity after four cycles. Furthermore, the degradation intermediates of SMZ were identified by HPLC-MS, and the photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. These findings highlight the role of Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ on contaminant elimination and open avenues for the rational design of highly efficient photocatalysts