Validation of the violence risk screening-10 instrument among clients discharged from a psychiatric hospital in Beijing

The Violence Risk Screening-10 is one of the few instruments available for evaluating violence risk in mental health clients during and after hospitalization. This prospective study examined the applicability of this brief instrument with a sample of 289 clients in the 6 months after discharge from a general psychiatric hospital in Beijing. During the research period, 24 of the 289 clients demonstrated aggression. The receiver–operator characteristic curve yielded an area under the curve of 0.62. At the cut-off point of 4.5, its sensitivity/specificity was 79.2%/33.3%, and the corresponding positive/negative predictive value was 9.9%/94.5%. The predictive accuracy of this instrument was lower compared with the results of the original study, and was also less accurate than when it was administered while the clients were in the hospital. While promising in its utility for use beyond the hospital, it deserves further modification prior to its wide use across culturally-diverse China

Transparent and Water-Resistant Composites Prepared from Acrylic Resins ABPE-10 and Acetylated Nanofibrillated Cellulose as Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Device Substrate

Acetylated nanofibrillated cellulose (ANFC)/acrylic resin ABPE-10 composite film was prepared by impregnating ABPE-10 into ANFC films under negative pressure, which can enhance properties of ANFC films by forming an interpenetrating polymer network structure between ABPE-10 and the ANFC film. The ANFC/ABPE-10 composite film met the high performance flexible organic light-emitting diode substrate requirement, even when the ANFC dosage was as high as approximately 70%. The transparency of films with different ANFC dosages significantly increased from 67% (42 µm) to 88% (45 µm), as determined by ultraviolet-visible analysis. The composite film inherited the properties of AFNC, with a low coefficient of thermal expansion and a ductile compact structure. The contact angles of ANFC films increased from 49.2° to 102.9° after dipping in ABPE-10. Additionally, the composite films had good surface smoothness and mechanical properties

Status of core competencies of wound, ostomy and continence nurses and their influence on career success: a cross-sectional study

Objectives The wound, ostomy and continence nursing practice has its own scope and standards, and each standard requires relevant competency. However, the core competencies of wound, ostomy and continence nurses that contribute to the career success are poorly known. To identify associations between career success and core competencies of wound, ostomy and continence nurses in China.Design A cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample.Setting Participants were recruited from 108 hospitals in 28 provinces.Participants A total of 123 wound, ostomy and continence nurses were surveyed.Measures Career success, core competencies and demographic characteristics of wound, ostomy and continence nurses, were measured in this study.Methods A survey was distributed to 123 wound, ostomy and continence nurses were recruited from 108 hospitals in 28 provinces. Multivariate logistic regression was undertaken to explore associations between career success outcomes and core competency scores of wound ostomy and continence nurses and their demographic characteristics.Results The career success and core competency of wound, ostomy and continence nurses were both above average. Nurses who had higher total scores of core competency were more likely to have higher career success, including total score (OR=4.90), career satisfaction (OR=5.58) and perceived internal (OR=4.55)/external (OR=3.42) organisation competitiveness. Higher competency in interpersonal communication (OR=7.70) and more time for wound care per month (OR=8.80) predicted higher career satisfaction. Additionally, nurses with higher professional development were more likely to score higher in perceived internal organisation competitiveness of career success (OR=4.36) and the overall career success (OR=5.96).Conclusions The career success and core competency of the wound, ostomy and continence nurses in China were at an above average level. The associations between career success and core competency of the wound, ostomy and continence nurses were positive, suggesting that competency enhancement could improve nurses’ career success

Cationic Lignocellulose Nanofibers from Agricultural Waste as High-Performing Adsorbents for the Removal of Dissolved and Colloidal Substances

The accumulation of dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) in the increasingly closed paper circulating water system can seriously lower the productivity and safety of papermaking machines, and it has been a challenge to develop an adsorbent with low cost, high adsorption efficiency and large adsorption capacity for DCS removal. In this study, cationic lignocellulose nanofibers (CLCNF) were obtained by cationic modification of agricultural waste bagasse in deep eutectic solvents (DES) followed by mechanical defibrillation, and then CLCNF were employed as an adsorbent for DCS model contaminant polygalacturonic acid (PGA) removal. CLCNF was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The analytical results confirmed the successful preparation of CLCNF with 4.6–7.9 nm diameters and 0.97–1.76 mmol/g quaternary ammonium groups. The effects of quaternary ammonium group contents, pH, contact time and initial concentration of PGA on the adsorption were investigated in a batch adsorption study. According to the results, the cationic modification significantly enhanced the adsorption of PGA by CLCNF and the adsorption performance increased with the increase of the quaternary ammonium group contents. The adsorption of PGA on CLCNF followed the pseudo-second-order and the fitted Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption showed fast initial kinetics and the experimental maximum adsorption capacity was 1054 mg/g, which is much higher than PGA adsorbents previously reported in the literature. Therefore, CLCNF with high cationic group content developed in this paper is a promising adsorbent for DCS removal

Generation, Characterization, and Application of Hierarchically Structured Self-Assembly Induced by the Combined Effect of Self-Emulsification and Phase Separation

Hierarchically structured magnetic single-hole hollow spheres (MSHS) have been successfully obtained via a facile self-assembly strategy. This methodology allows the double emulsions generated via the combined effect of self-emulsification and phase separation to provide confinement for directing the self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The resulting MSHS fully capitalize on both the multifunctional properties of MNPs and container features of single-hole hollow spheres. Moreover, the magnetic properties showed obvious improvement and can be tuned by modulating the assembled structure. Thus, MSHS can be used as a smart platform with multiple functionalities including image contrast enhancement, selective encapsulation for biomacromolecules, on-demand release, and magnetically guided transport. This strategy is very promising in the design of hierarchically structured assemblies for desired applications in biomedicine and other fields

Electric and dielectric characteristics of Al/ZrO2/IL/n-Si MOS capacitors using three-frequency correction method

In this study, MOS capacitors of Al/ZrO2/IL/n-Si (IL: interface layer) have been fabricated. Bias scan and frequency scan data of measured parallel capacitance (Cm) and parallel resistance (Rm) have been taken in the frequency of ∼1 kHz to 2 MHz. To correct external frequency dispersion of parasitic parameters, we have used five-element model (including MOS capacitance C, parallel resistance Rp, IL capacitance Ci, IL resistance Ri, and series resistance Rs) and three-frequency correction method. Extracted capacitance C by the three-frequency correction method has negligible frequency dependence from 0.38 nF to 0.34 nF in the average frequency of ∼3.7 kHz to 1.54 MHz. The frequency dispersion of Rp, Ci, Ri, and Rs are explained by some physical mechanisms. Small relative errors ΔC/C, ΔRp/Rp, ΔCi/Ci, ΔRi/Ri and ΔRs/Rs are less than 0.2%, 2%, 3%, 1.2% and 0.4% respectively. We have also used two existing double-frequency methods of three- and four-element models for comparison, and the extracted capacitances show abnormal frequency dependence. Above results indicate the three-frequency method of five-element model is necessary, effective and convenient in providing sufficient list data for bias voltage dependence or frequency dependence. The dielectric parameters, such as relative dielectric constant, conductivity, imaginary part of complex dielectric constant, and dielectric loss tangent have been calculated. The mechanisms of frequency dispersion for the dielectric parameters have been analyzed. Keywords: MOS capacitor, Five-element model, Frequency dispersion, Three-frequency correction, Parameter extraction, Dielectric characteristic

A Dual‐Kinetic Control Strategy for Designing Nano‐Metamaterials: Novel Class of Metamaterials with Both Characteristic and Whole Sizes of Nanoscale

Abstract Increasingly intricate in their multilevel multiscale microarchitecture, metamaterials with unique physical properties are challenging the inherent constraints of natural materials. Their applicability in the nanomedicine field still suffers because nanomedicine requires a maximum size of tens to hundreds of nanometers; however, this size scale has not been achieved in metamaterials. Therefore, “nano‐metamaterials,” a novel class of metamaterials, are introduced, which are rationally designed materials with multilevel microarchitectures and both characteristic sizes and whole sizes at the nanoscale, investing in themselves remarkably unique and significantly enhanced material properties as compared with conventional nanomaterials. Microarchitectural regulation through conventional thermodynamic strategy is limited since the thermodynamic process relies on the frequency‐dependent effective temperature, Teff(ω), which limits the architectural regulation freedom degree. Here, a novel dual‐kinetic control strategy is designed to fabricate nano‐metamaterials by freezing a high‐free energy state in a Teff(ω)‐constant system, where two independent dynamic processes, non‐solvent induced block copolymer (BCP) self‐assembly and osmotically driven self‐emulsification, are regulated simultaneously. Fe3+‐“onion‐like core@porous corona” (Fe3+‐OCPCs) nanoparticles (the products) have not only architectural complexity, porous corona and an onion‐like core but also compositional complexity, Fe3+ chelating BCP assemblies. Furthermore, by using Fe3+‐OCPCs as a model material, a microstructure‐biological performance relationship is manifested in nano‐metamaterials