Cofactor Fingerprinting with STD NMR to Characterize Proteins of Unknown Function: Identification of a Rare cCMP Cofactor Preference

Proteomics efforts have created a need for better strategies to functionally categorize newly discovered proteins. To this end, we have employed saturation transfer difference NMR with pools of closely related cofactors, to determine cofactor preferences. This approach works well for dehydrogenases and has also been applied to cyclic nucleotide‐binding proteins. In the latter application, a protein (radial spoke protein‐2, RSP2) that plays a central role in forming the radial spoke of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagella was shown to bind cCMP. cCMP‐binding proteins are rare, although previous reports of their presence in sperm and flagella suggest that cCMP may have a more general role in flagellar function. 31P NMR was used to monitor the preferential hydrolysis of ATP versus GTP, suggesting that RSP2 is a kinase

Design of Evaluation Index System of Brand Space Expansion Capacity Based on the Brand DNA

The combination of ecology and brand management promotes the development of brand ecological management effectively. This study, from the perspective of biology DNA, analogy describes Brand DNA and builds the model of Brand DNA elements. Then, establish evaluation index of the brand space expansion capacity systematically from brand foundation developing capacity, brand operation management capacity, brand market control capacity, brand sustainable developing capacity and brand relationship management capacity, etc. It is aimed at providing decision-making basis for enterprise to execute brand space expansion strategy scientificly.Key words: Brand DNA; Brand space expansion; Evaluation index syste

The Analysis of Influencing Factors and Promotion Strategy for the Use of Mobile Banking

The main factors that influence the mobile banking’ s promotion are specifically analyzed based on the three-factor theory, namely the external environmental factors, internal factors of consumers and marketing factors. It can come to a conclusion that culture, perception of risk, marketing factors are the three main factors that affect mobile banking’ s marketing. Then the effective countermeasures are put forward as well in the paper. Key words: Mobile banking; Consumer behaviour; MarketingRésumé: Les facteurs de canalisation qui influencent la promotion d'opérations bancaires mobile sont spécifiquement analysés basés sur la théorie de trois-facteur, à savoir les facteurs environnementaux externes, facteurs internes des consommateurs et facteurs de vente. Elle peut arriver à une conclusion que la culture, perception de risque, lançant des facteurs sur le marché sont les trois facteurs principaux qui affectent la gestion bancaire mobile. Alors les contre-mesures efficaces sont aussi bien proposés dans le papier. Mots clés: Opérations bancaires mobiles; Comportement du consommateur; Commercialisatio

The Construction and Analysis of Cause Model for the Personal Qualities of Women Entrepreneurs

In this paper, we use a large number of cases to understand the growing process of women entrepreneurs. We use social learning theory and the entrepreneurial human capital theory and other related researches to explore the forming causes of women entrepreneurs’ personal qualities. Then we build a conceptual model to explain the causes of qualities. Finally, we analyze deeply of the factors of women entrepreneurs’ personal qualities from two aspects of home networking and human capital accumulation. The findings provide the role of inspiration and reference to form and improve the qualities of women entrepreneurs.Key words: Women entrepreneurs; Qualities cause model; Home networking; Human capital accumulationRésumé: Dans ce papier, nous utilisons un grand nombre de cas pour comprendre le processus croissant de femmes entrepreneurs. Nous utilisons la théorie sociale d'apprentissage et de la théorie du capital humain et entrepreneurial d'autres recherches connexes afin d'étudier les causes formant des qualités des femmes entrepreneurs personnelles. Puis nous construisons un modèle conceptuel pour expliquer les causes de qualités. Enfin, nous analysons profondément les facteurs de qualités des femmes entrepreneurs personnelle à partir de deux aspects 1 de la mise en réseau domestique et de l'accumulation du capital humain. Les résultats fournissent le rôle d'inspiration et de référence pour former et améliorer les qualités des femmes entrepreneurs.Mots-clés: Les femmes entrepreneures; Modèle des causes de qualités; Le réseautage à domicile; Accumulation de capital humai

Research on Influence Factors of Crowdfunding

Crowdfunding - as a booming innovative internet-based financial model is one of the solution to SMEs and entrepreneurs to develop new products in a difficult financing situation. Factors were extracted by studying the process of crowdfunding, combined with relevant literature. Applying the method of optimal scaling regression, this paper researched into the influential factors affecting crowdfunding project financing, based on a survey about 314 projects funded in crowdfunding website in 2013. It was found out that the economic, customer participation, trust, information quality and social network have positive effects on crowdfunding project financing, customer participation making the most influence. Corresponding conclusions and suggestions were put forward to help financing individuals or groups to improve their performance in crowdfunding. Key words: Crowdfunding; Financing; Optimal scaling; Influence factors; Customer participatio

Substrate Induced Structural and Dynamics Changes in Human Phosphomevalonate Iinase and Implications for Mechanism

Phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK) catalyzes an essential step in the mevalonate pathway, which is the only pathway for synthesis of isoprenoids and steroids in humans. PMK catalyzes transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP to mevalonate 5-phosphate (M5P) to form mevalonate 5-diphosphate. Bringing these phosphate groups in proximity to react is especially challenging, given the high negative charge density on the four phosphate groups in the active site. As such, conformational and dynamics changes needed to form the Michaelis complex are of mechanistic interest. Herein, we report the characterization of substrate induced changes (Mg-ADP, M5P, and the ternary complex) in PMK using NMR-based dynamics and chemical shift perturbation measurements. Mg-ADP and M5P Kd\u27s were 6–60 μM in all complexes, consistent with there being little binding synergy. Binding of M5P causes the PMK structure to compress (τc = 13.5 nsec), whereas subsequent binding of Mg-ADP opens the structure up (τc = 15.6 nsec). The overall complex seems to stay very rigid on the psec-nsec timescale with an average NMR order parameter of S2 ∼0.88. Data are consistent with addition of M5P causing movement around a hinge region to permit domain closure, which would bring the M5P domain close to ATP to permit catalysis. Dynamics data identify potential hinge residues as H55 and R93, based on their low order parameters and their location in extended regions that connect the M5P and ATP domains in the PMK homology model. Likewise, D163 may be a hinge residue for the lid region that is homologous to the adenylate kinase lid, covering the “Walker-A” catalytic loop. Binding of ATP or ADP appears to cause similar conformational changes; however, these observations do not indicate an obvious role for γ-phosphate binding interactions. Indeed, the role of γ-phosphate interactions may be more subtle than suggested by ATP/ADP comparisons, because the conservative O to NH substitution in the β-γ bridge of ATP causes a dramatic decrease in affinity and induces few chemical shift perturbations. In terms of positioning of catalytic residues, binding of M5P induces a rigidification of Gly21 (adjacent to the catalytically important Lys22), although exchange broadening in the ternary complex suggests some motion on a slower timescale does still occur. Finally, the first nine residues of the N-terminus are highly disordered, suggesting that they may be part of a cleavable signal or regulatory peptide sequence. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc

A Study of User Adoption Factors of Mobile Banking Services Based on the Trust and Distrust Perspective

A large numbers of banks have paid attention to promote the Mobile banking service because this could provide real-time services ubiquitously and reduce the operating cost. However, the existence of risk and uncertainty in mobile banking may cause lack of trust so that consumers have pause and ponder to this services. Firstly, according to the differences between trust and distrust relationship, this article sets sight that the users’ adoption to mobile banking is decided by the trust and distrust. Distrust is mainly affected by uncertainty avoidance, perceived cost, perceived risk; in the meanwhile, trust is influenced by the trust propensity, consumer cognition, perceived benefit and system quality. Finally, we build the adoption model based on the perspective of trust and distrust in order to provide a theoretical reference to mobile banking prolongation. Key words: Mobile banking; Adoption; Trust; Distrus

Research on External Influence Factors of Brand Extension into New Markets Based on Ecological Niche Theory

In the economic era of brand, product homogeneity continues to increase market competition and expanding into new markets has become one of the inevitable choice for branding enterprises to obtain sustainable competitive advantage and excess brand profits. This paper is based on ecological niche theory and tries to analyze the external factors of brand expansion into new markets from three aspects: the climatic factor, the soil factor and the topographic factor of the brand. It also analyzes various refined factors one by one and provides the basis for enterprises’ decision making on to new market expansion

The Influencing Factors Model and Scale Designing of RMB Financing Products’ Marketing Segmentation from the Perspective of Niche

First, there is an analysis on the present marketing segmentation of RMB financing products. Then, this paper explores whether the theory of niche has any application on the marketing segmentation of RMB financing products from the perspective of niche. Based on this, the influencing factors model of RMB financing products’ niche is given. After that, the niche selection criteria of RMB financing products’ marketing segmentation is given according to three aspects - needs of customers and behavior characteristics, innovation ability of RMB financing products and competitiveness of banks. At last, the scale of niche selection criteria of RMB financing products’ marketing segmentation is designed which is helpful to the special target market selection of RMB financing products and also provides reference for the exact orientation and dislocation competition of financing enterprises.Key words: Niche; RMB financing products; Market segmentation; Scale designin