Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus M6 on Improving Exercise Performance and Relieving Fatigue in Mice

Objective: To isolate Lactobacillus acidophilus M6 from the feces of long-distance runners in the early stage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus M6 on improving exercise ability and alleviating fatigue function in mice. Methods: Sixty C57BL/6N male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, low, medium and high dose groups of L. acidophilus M6, L. acidophilus M6 was given daily for four weeks, muscle strength, exercise endurance, fatigue related indicators, energy related indicators and antioxidant related indicators were measured. Results: The low, medium and high dose of L. acidophilus M6 significantly (P<0.001) improved the forelimb grip strength (124.01±6.02, 132.02±4.30 and 139.66±4.72 g) and exhaustive swimming time (8.03±1.05, 10.06±1.10 and 14.36±0.55 min). The low, medium and high dose of L. acidophilus M6 significantly (P<0.001) reduced the fatigue indexes including the creatine kinase activity (730.66±16.77, 647.66±39.95 and 594.56±32.33 U/L), serum lactic acid (10.13±1.00, 8.36±0.99 and 6.09±0.36 mol/L), serum urea nitrogen (6.40±0.53, 5.96±0.85 and 5.23±0.25 nmol/L) and blood ammonia (115.34±4.50, 99.67±4.50 and 94.33±4.72 μmol/L). L. acidophilus M6 significantly (P<0.001) improved energy metabolism indexes including increasing blood glucose, muscle glycogen and liver glycogen, and significantly (P<0.001) reducing triglyceride content in a dose-dependent manner. L. acidophilus M6 significantly (P<0.001) increased the activity of serum superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and decreased the content of malondialdehyde in mice in a dose-dependent manner at the range from 3×107 CFU to 3×109 CFU. Conclusion: L. acidophilus M6 could improve exercise performance and relieve fatigue after exercise in mice by improving the grip strength of forelimbs and the exhaustion swimming time, and increase the indexes related to energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity by decreasing the fatigue indexes such as creatine kinase activity, lactic acid, urea nitrogen and blood ammonia

Anti-diabetic effect of red quinoa polysaccharide on type 2 diabetic mellitus mice induced by streptozotocin and high-fat diet

The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of red quinoa polysaccharide (RQP) in alleviating type 2 diabetes (T2D) through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results of HPLC and FITR showed that RQP was a complex polysaccharide and contained more glucose, galactose and acarbose. In vitro experiments, RQP showed strong antioxidant capacity and inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In vivo experiments, RQP was proved to induce a significant improvement of diabetes after 4 weeks of ingestion, including the abilities of lowering blood glucose, regulating lipid metabolism, anti-oxidation and promoting secretion of SCFAs. Furthermore, 16S rRNA study demonstrated that RQP transformed the intestinal microbiota composition in diabetic mice, decreased the abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia, unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, unclassified_f_Atopobiaceae and norank_f_Lachnospiraceae. The biosynthetic pathways, metabolic pathways and intestinal microbiome phenotypes in mice also changed accordingly. In conclusion, this study suggests that RQP can inhibit the development of diabetes by correcting the imbalance of intestinal flora

Middle Silurian–Middle Devonian Magmatic Rocks in the Eastern Segment of the Northern Margin of the North China Craton: Implications for Regional Tectonics

This paper presents a detailed study including LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, geochemical, zircon Hf isotope, and whole rock Sr-Nd isotope analysis of magmatic rocks from the Yitong County, Jilin Province, NE China. These data are used to better constrain the Middle Silurian–Middle Devonian tectonic evolution in the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). Zircon U-Pb dating results show that the Ximangzhang tonalite formed in the Late Silurian (425 ± 6 Ma); the basalt, andesite, and metamorphic olivine-bearing basalt in the Fangniugou volcanic rocks formed in the Middle Silurian (428 ± 6.6 Ma) and Middle Devonian (388.4 ± 3.9 Ma, and 384.1 ± 4.9 Ma). The Late Silurian tonalites are characterized by high SiO2 and Na2O and low K2O, MgO, FeOT, and TiO2, with an A/CNK ratio of 0.91–1.00, characteristic of calc-alkaline I-type granite. They are enriched in Rb, Ba, Th, U, and K, and depleted in Nb, Sr, P, and Ti, with positive εNd(t) (+0.35) and εHf(t) (+0.44 to +6.31) values, suggesting that they mainly originated from the partial melting of Meso–Neoproterozoic accretionary lower crustal material (basalt). The Middle Silurian basalts are characterized by low SiO2, P2O5, TiO2, and Na2O and high Al2O3, FeOT, and K2O, enriched in Rb, Ba, Th, U, and K and depleted in Nb, Ta, Sr, P, and Ti, indicative of shoshonitic basalt. The Late Silurian tonalites have positive εNd(t) (+4.91 to +6.18) values and primarily originated from depleted mantle magmas metasomatized by subduction fluids, supplemented by a small amount of subducted sediments and crustal materials. The Middle Devonian volcanic rocks exhibit low SiO2, TiO2, and Na2O and high K2O, and MgO, enriched in Rb, K, and LREEs and depleted in Nb, Ta, Sr, and HREEs, characteristic of shoshonitic volcanic rocks. Their εNd(t) (+2.11 to +3.77) and εHf(t) (+5.90 to +11.73) values are positive. These characteristics indicate that the Middle Devonian volcanic rocks primarily originated from depleted mantle magmas metasomatized by subduction fluids, with the addition of crustal materials or subducted sediments during their formation. Based on regional geological data, it is believed that the study area underwent the following evolutionary stages during the Silurian–Devonian period: (1) active continental margin stage of southward subduction of the Paleo–Asian Ocean (PAO) (443–419 Ma); (2) arc-continent collision stage (419–405 Ma); (3) post-collision extension stage (404–375 Ma); (4) active continental margin stage, with the PAO plate subducting southward once again (375–360 Ma)

Table_1_Anti-diabetic effect of red quinoa polysaccharide on type 2 diabetic mellitus mice induced by streptozotocin and high-fat diet.DOCX

The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of red quinoa polysaccharide (RQP) in alleviating type 2 diabetes (T2D) through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results of HPLC and FITR showed that RQP was a complex polysaccharide and contained more glucose, galactose and acarbose. In vitro experiments, RQP showed strong antioxidant capacity and inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In vivo experiments, RQP was proved to induce a significant improvement of diabetes after 4 weeks of ingestion, including the abilities of lowering blood glucose, regulating lipid metabolism, anti-oxidation and promoting secretion of SCFAs. Furthermore, 16S rRNA study demonstrated that RQP transformed the intestinal microbiota composition in diabetic mice, decreased the abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia, unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, unclassified_f_Atopobiaceae and norank_f_Lachnospiraceae. The biosynthetic pathways, metabolic pathways and intestinal microbiome phenotypes in mice also changed accordingly. In conclusion, this study suggests that RQP can inhibit the development of diabetes by correcting the imbalance of intestinal flora.</p

Development of College Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ability under the Model of Personalized Education

The essence of personalized education is an innovative education that respects individual differences. With the continuous evolution of the times, the ability of innovation and entrepreneurship has become the key to reflecting comprehensive national strength. In response to the call of China to build an "innovative country", colleges and universities should cultivate students' individualized thinking and methods and abilities to solve problems on the basis of respecting the creativity and subjectivity of college students, and lay a solid foundation for students' future innovation and entrepreneurship. In this paper, the present situation of students' independent development promoted by personalized education at home and abroad was analyzed firstly, and the existing problems and solutions were pointed out. The study aims to contribute to the acceleration of China's innovation-driven development

Identification of the Potential Genes Regulating Seed Germination Speed in Maize

Seed germination is the crucial stage in plant life cycle. Rapid and uniform germination plays an essential role in plant development and grain yield improvement. However, the molecular mechanism underlying seed germination speed is largely unknown due to the complexity of the dynamic process and the difficulty in phenotyping. Here, we conducted a time-series comparative transcriptome study of two elite maize inbred lines, 72-3 and F9721, with striking difference in seed germination speed, and identified a major locus underlying maize germination speed through genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of an F2 segregation population. Comparative transcriptome study identified 12 h after imbibition (HAI) as the critical stage responsible for the variation in germination speed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 72-3 and F9721 were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, oxidoreductase activity pathways, hormone signal transduction, and amino acid transporter activity pathways. GWAS revealed that germination speed was controlled by a major locus on chromosome 1 with the leading SNP as AX-91332814, explaining 10.63% of phenotypic variation. A total of 87 proposed protein-coding genes surrounding the locus were integrated with DEGs. Combined with evidence from the gene expression database and gene synteny with other model species, we finally anchored three genes as the likely candidates regulating germination speed in maize. This study provides clues for the further exploration of genes controlling the maize seed germination speed, thus facilitating breeding of rapid germinated elite lines through marker assistant selection

Late Mesozoic magmatism and metallogeny in NE China: The Sandaowanzi–Beidagou example

<p>The Sandaowanzi (>22t Au) and Beidagou (>5t Au) tellurium–gold deposits are located in the northeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (Heilongjiang Province, NE China). The ore-hosting volcanic rocks unconformably overly monzogranite and were intruded by adakitic granodiorite. In this study, we report new-age, geochemical, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data to elucidate the genetic link between the igneous rocks and the Te–Au mineralization. New-age data indicate that local magmatism occurred in the Early Jurassic (ca. 177.2 Ma) and Early Cretaceous (ca. 118.7 − 122.0 Ma). Geochemically, the igneous rocks are enriched in LREEs, Pb, K, and U, and depleted in Nb, P, and Ti, showing calc-alkaline affinity. The Early Jurassic monzogranite rocks are featured by ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.7111−0.7118; <i>ε</i>_Nd(<i>t</i>) = −4.6 to −4.7; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.098−18.102, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.558−15.580, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 37.781−37.928, whereas the Early Cretaceous adakitic granodiorite contains: ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.7071−0.7073; <i>ε</i>_Nd(<i>t</i>) = − 3.4 to −3.2; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.991−18.080, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.483−15.508, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 37.938−37.985. Initial isotopic ratios for the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks: ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.7061−0.7087; <i>ε</i>_Nd(<i>t</i>) = − 3.6 to −2.9; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.136−18.199, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.512−15.628, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.064−38.155. The pyrite, chalcopyrite, and telluride grains yielded δ³⁴S of −6.52 ‰ to 2.13 ‰ (mean = − 0.82 ‰) and <i>δ</i>¹³C_PDB of the calcite samples are in the range of −6.64 ‰ to −5.24 ‰, implying the ore materials were derived from mantle. The geochemical and isotopic results indicate that primary melts of Late Mesozoic magmatic rocks have features by partial melting of the continental crust. The adakitic rocks may have been the products of the thickened lower crustal delamination and the subsequent asthenospheric upwelling during the intra-continental extension in NE China. Regionally, intrusive activity and molybdenum mineralization during the Jurassic was affected by subduction setting, whereas gold mineralization was controlled by the Early Cretaceous tectonothermal events associated with a superposition extension.</p

Extractions, Contents, Antioxidant Activities and Compositions of Free and Bound Phenols from Kidney Bean Seeds Represented by ‘Yikeshu’ Cultivar in Cold Region

To thoroughly understand the profile of phenolic phytochemicals in kidney bean seeds cultivated in a cold region, the extractions, contents, antioxidant activities, compositions of free and bound phenols in the seed coat and cotyledon, and also relevant color attributes, were investigated. The results indicated that ultrasound-assisted extraction was an efficient method for free phenols. The bound phenols in seed coat and cotyledon were released more efficiently by alkali-acid and acid-alkali sequential hydrolysis, respectively. Under the optimized extractions, total phenols (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and anthocyanins (TAC) ranged in 7.81–32.89 mg GAE/g dw, 3.23–15.65 mg RE/g dw, and 0–0.21 mg CE/g dw in the whole seeds of the five common kidney beans. There was a big difference in phenolic distribution between red and white seeds. From whole seed, the phenols in the four red cultivars mainly existed in free state (78.84%) and seed coat (71.56%), while the phenols in the white ‘Sark’ divided equally between free (51.18%) and bound (48.82%) states and consisted chiefly in cotyledon (81.58%). The correlation analyses showed that the antioxidant activities were significantly and positively correlated with TPC and TFC. The phenolic attributes were closely associated with the color of the seed coat. Red seeds had higher total contents of phenols than white seeds. TAC had a positively significant correlation with redness. Brightness and yellowness showed a negatively significant correlation with TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacities, which were necessarily linked with redness degree and spot in red seeds. The spotted red ‘Yikeshu’ with the most outstanding performance on phenolic attributes was selected to analyze phenolic compounds with UHPLC-QE-MS. Among the 85 identified phenolics, 2 phenolic acids and 10 flavonoids were dominant. The characteristic phenolics in free and bound states were screened in both seed coat and cotyledon, respectively. The available information on the phenolic profile may expand the utilization of kidney beans as a nutritional ingredient in the food industry