15 research outputs found
Investigation des cas de dengue dans les départements de lŽAtlantique, du Littoral et de lŽOuémé, Bénin, Avril-juillet 2019: Investigation of dengue cases in the Atlantic, Littoral and Ouémé departments, Benin, April-July 2019
Introduction: Le premier cas de dengue a Ă©tĂ© diagnostiquĂ© en mai 2019 dans le dĂ©partement de lâAtlantique au BĂ©nin. Entre le 26 avril et le 29 juillet 2019, lâĂ©pidĂ©mie sâest Ă©tendue aux dĂ©partements du Littoral et de lâOuĂ©mĂ©. Nous avons menĂ© cette investigation pour dĂ©terminer lâampleur de lâĂ©pidĂ©mie afin de mettre en place des mesures de prĂ©vention et de contrĂŽle. MĂ©thodes: Il sâ agissait dâune Ă©tude transversale descriptive rĂ©alisĂ©e du 26 avril au 29 juillet 2019 portant sur les don-nĂ©es de surveillance des zones sanitaires ayant notifiĂ© les cas de dengue dans les trois (03) dĂ©partements. Les cas de dengue ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©s suivant la dĂ©finition des cas Ă©laborĂ©. Nous avons examinĂ© les dossiers mĂ©dicaux des cas, les registres des hĂŽpitaux et les fiches de notification des cas de dengue. Un question-naire a Ă©tĂ© administrĂ© aux malades dans les formations sanitaires ou Ă domicile. RĂ©sultats: Sur 30 cas suspects de dengue notifiĂ©s, 08 ont Ă©tĂ© confirmĂ©s. Parmi les 08 cas confirmĂ©s deux (02) Ă©taient dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s. LâĂąge mĂ©dian des cas Ă©tait de 26,5 ans, Intervalle inter quartile (IIQ) : 22 ans -32 ans. Les dĂ©par-tements dâAtlantique et du Littoral ont enregistrĂ© respectivement 13,3% et 83,3% de cas notifiĂ©s. Le dĂ©lai moyen dâadmission des patients Ă lâhĂŽpital Ă©tait de 4 jours +/- 3 jours. Tous les cas avaient dĂ©clarĂ© quâils dormaient sous moustiquaire la nuit mais pas la journĂ©e et que leur milieu de vie contient des rĂ©ceptacles dâeau. Le dĂ©lai dâadmission Ă lâhĂŽpital du cas index et la confirmation est de 1 jour. Conclusion: Le BĂ©nin a connu sa premiĂšre Ă©pidĂ©mie de dengue en 2019. Le renforcement de la surveillance de la den-gue Ă travers le rapportage hebdomadaire des cas de toutes les formations sanitaires publiques et privĂ©es est nĂ©cessaire pour le contrĂŽle de la maladie au Benin.
Background: The first case of dengue fever was diagnosed in May 2019 in the Atlantic department of Be-nin. From April 26 to July 29, 2019, the epidemic reached the Littoral and Ouémé depart-ments. We conducted this study to determine the scale of the epidemic in order to put in place prevention and control measures. Methods: We conducted a transversal descriptive study by examining the surveillance data in the health districts having notified the cases in the three (03) departments. The cases of dengue were identified according to the definition of the cases developed. We reviewed the Medical case files, hospital registers and dengue case reports. A question-naire was administered to patients in health facilities and at home. Results: Out of 30 suspected cases of dengue fever, 08 were confirmed, of which 02 died. The median age was 26.5 years IIQ22 to 32 years. The departments of Atlantic and Littoral recorded re-spectively 13,3% and 83,3% of confirmed notified. The average time to hospital admission for patients was 4 days (0-10 days). All of the cases reported sleeping under mosquito nets at night but not during the day and that their living environment contains water receptacles. The time to hospital admission for the index case and confirmation was 1 day. Conclusion: Benin experienced its first dengue epidemic in 2019. Strengthening dengue surveillance through weekly case reporting from all public and private health facilities is necessary for disease control in Benin
Profil épidémiologique des paralysies flasques aiguës (PFA) de 2009 à 2018 en Guinée: Epidemiological profile of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) from 2009 to 2018 in Guinea
Introduction: En 2015, la GuineÌe a connu une eÌpideÌmie de poliovirus deÌrivant d'une souche vaccinale type 2 avec un total de 7 cas dont une riposte a permis d'arreÌter. L'objectif de cette eÌtude eÌtait de deÌcrire le profil eÌpideÌmiologique des cas de Paralysie Flasque AigueÌ (PFA) en termes de temps, lieu et personne. MĂ©thodes: Il s'agissait d'une eÌtude transversale descriptive des donneÌes de PFA, 2009-2018 de la Coordination Nationale du programme eÌlargi de vaccination (PEV). Un cas de PFA eÌtait deÌfini comme tout enfant de moins de 15 ans preÌsentant une PFA ou une suspicion de poliomyeÌlite par meÌdecin. RĂ©sultats: Au total, 3034 cas de PFA ont eÌteÌ notifieÌs. La proportion de PFA non polio eÌtait de 7,09/100000. La quasi-totaliteÌ des cas preÌsentait la fieÌvre (94%). La paralysie des membres infeÌrieurs eÌtait observeÌe chez 86,18% des cas. La proportion de cas de PFA notifieÌs dans les 24 heures de deÌtection eÌtait de 83,06%. Celle des cas de PFA investigueÌs dans les 48 heures de notification eÌtait de 90,38%. Dans 96,14% des cas, deux eÌchantillons de selles avaient eÌteÌ preÌleveÌs et envoyeÌs au laboratoire dans les 14 jours, seulement 72,51% eÌtaient arriveÌs aÌ temps. Parmi les cas, 70,07% avaient reçu au moins 3 doses de vaccin polio oral. Conclusion: Les indicateurs de performance de PFA en GuineÌe reÌpondaient aux normes de l'OMS. Cependant, la proportion d'eÌchantillons de selles envoyeÌs au laboratoire aÌ temps eÌtait faible, d'ouÌ la neÌcessiteÌ de mettre en place une politique coheÌrente de transport des eÌchantillons.
Introduction: In 2015, Guinea experienced an epidemic of poliovirus derived from a type 2 vaccine strain with a total of 7 cases which were stopped in response. The objective of our study was to describe the epidemiological profile of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) cases in terms of time, place and person. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of AFP data from 2009-2018 from the National Coordination of the Expanded Immunization Program (EPI). A case of AFP was defined as any child under 15 years of age with AFP or anyone with paralysis with suspected polio by the doctor. Results: A total of 3034 AFP cases have been reported. The proportion of non-polio AFP was 7.09%. Almost all cases presented with fever (94%). Paralysis of the lower limbs was observed in 86.18% of cases. The proportion of AFP cases notified within 24 hours of detection was 83.06%. That of AFP cases investigated within 48 hours of notification was 90.38%. In 96.14% of cases, two stool samples were taken and sent to the lab within 14 days of the onset of paralysis, but only 72.51% reached the lab within 72 hours. Of the cases, 70.07% had received at least 3 doses of oral polio vaccine. Conclusion: PFA's performance indicators in Guinea met WHO standards. However, the proportion of stool samples sent to the laboratory on time was low, hence the need for a coherent sample transport policy
Profil épidémiologique de la Tuberculose, Sénégal, 2009-2018: Epidemiological profile of Tuberculosis, Senegal, 2009-2018
Introduction: Le fardeau de la tuberculose (TB) pose un grave probleÌme de santeÌ publique au SeÌneÌgal. Nous avons analyseÌ les donneÌes de surveillance de la tuberculose pour deÌcrire le poids et la tendance de la tuberculose au SeÌneÌgal. MĂ©thodes: Nous avons effectueÌ une analyse secondaire des donneÌes de surveillance de la tuberculose du 1er janvier 2009 au 31 deÌcembre 2018 du programme national de lutte contre la tuberculose (PNT). RĂ©sultats: Au total, 128 836 cas de tuberculose toutes formes ont eÌteÌ analyseÌes dont 67,42% de nouveaux cas de TB pulmonaire confirmeÌe par microscopie. Les personnes aÌgeÌes de 25-34 ans repreÌsentaient 29,66%. Le sex-ratio H/F eÌtait de 2,33. Dakar avait rapporteÌ la plupart des cas 44,17%. L'incidence pour 100 000 habitants eÌtait de 91, 87 et 86 en 2009, 2008 et 2011, de 93, 95 et 95 en 2012, 2013 et 2014 et de 92, 86, 87 et 84 en 2015, 2016, 2017 et 2018. La majoriteÌ des cas (77%) avaient eÌteÌ testeÌs pour le VIH, dont 6,84% co-infecteÌs. Le taux de TB multireÌsistante (TB-MR) eÌtait de 11%. Conclusion: Au SeÌneÌgal, l'incidence de la tuberculose a leÌgeÌrement diminueÌ en raison du faible taux de deÌtection qui eÌtait de 62% en 2018. Le nombre de cas deÌtecteÌ a augmenteÌ entre 2013 et 2014, mais elle restait infeÌrieure aÌ celle estimeÌe par l'organisation mondiale de la santeÌ. Une surveillance accrue de la tuberculose et un suivi des tuberculeux pour eÌviter la pharmaco-reÌsistance sont neÌcessaires.
Introduction: The burden of tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem in Senegal. We analysed TB surveillance data to describe the burden and trend of TB in Senegal. Method: We conducted a secondary analysis of TB surveillance data from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2018 from the national TB control programme (NTP). Results: A total of 128,836 cases of all forms of tuberculosis were analysed, of which 67.42% were new cases of microscopically confirmed pulmonary TB. Persons aged 25-34 years accounted for 29.66%. The sex ratio M/F was 2.33. Dakar reported most cases 44.17%. The incidence per 100 000 populations was 91, 87 and 86 in 2009, 2008 and 2011, 93, 95 and 95 in 2012, 2013 and 2014 and 92, 86, 87 and 84 in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018. The majority of cases (77%) had tested positive for HIV, with 6.84% co-infected. The rate of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) was 11%. Conclusion: In Senegal, the incidence of TB has slightly decreased due to the low detection rate which was 62% in 2018. The number of detected cases increased between 2013 and 2014, but it remained below that estimated by the World Health Organization. Increased surveillance of TB and monitoring of TB patients to avoid drug resistance is needed.
 
Augmentation de la rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques des EntĂ©robactĂ©ries isolĂ©es Ă lâInstitut National dâHygiĂšne de LomĂ© de 2010 Ă 2017: Increase in antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae isolated at the National Institute of Hygiene of LomĂ© from 2010 to 2017
Introduction: La rĂ©sistance des EntĂ©robactĂ©ries aux antibiotiques est un problĂšme dâimportance croissante en pratique mĂ©dicale. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer le profil de rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques des EntĂ©robactĂ©ries isolĂ©es Ă lâinstitut national dâhygiĂšne (INH) de LomĂ© et dâanalyser son Ă©volution dans le temps. MĂ©thodes: Il sâagissait dâune analyse rĂ©trospective, sur une pĂ©riode de huit ans (2010-2017), portant sur lâensemble des souches dâEntĂ©robactĂ©ries isolĂ©es des prĂ©lĂšvements pathologiques analysĂ©s au laboratoire de bactĂ©riologie de lâINH. RĂ©sultats: Au total, 5910 EntĂ©robactĂ©ries ont Ă©tĂ© isolĂ©es majoritairement des urines (59,59%), avec une prĂ©dominance dâEscherichia coli (63,93%) suivie de Klebsiella spp (22,86%). Entre 2010 et 2017, le taux de rĂ©sistance des souches dâEscherichia coli a augmentĂ© significativement de 18,69% Ă 39,26% (p< 0,0001) Ă la Ceftazidime ; de 1,68% Ă 40,22% Ă la Ceftriaxone (p< 0,0001) et de 42,37% Ă 63,23% (p< 0,0001) Ă la Ciprofloxacine. La rĂ©sistance des souches de Klebsiella spp Ă la Ceftazidime a augmentĂ© significativement de 25,26% Ă 42,54% (p< 0,0001) et celle Ă la Ceftriaxone de 2,17% Ă 41,79% (p< 0,0001) respectivement de 2010 Ă 2017. Conclusion: Lâaugmentation de la rĂ©sistance des EntĂ©robactĂ©ries aux antibiotiques et surtout lâĂ©volution des rĂ©sistances aux CĂ©phalosporines de 3e GĂ©nĂ©ration et aux Fluoroquinolones est un phĂ©nomĂšne rĂ©el. Ceci exposera Ă des difficultĂ©s de prise en charge thĂ©rapeutique et nĂ©cessite la mise en place des dispositions idoines.
Background: Antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is a growing problem in medical practice. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Enterobacteriaceae isolated at the National Institute of Hygiene (INH) of Lomé and to analyse its evolution over time. Method: This was a retrospective analysis, over a period of eight years (2010-2017), of all strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from pathological samples analysed in the bacteriology laboratory of the INH. Results: A total of 5910 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated mainly from urine (59.59%), with a predominance of Escherichia coli (63.93%) followed by Klebsiella spp (22.86%). Between 2010 and 2017, the resistance rate of Escherichia coli strains increased significantly from 18.69% to 39.26% (p<0.0001) to Ceftazidime; from 1.68% to 40.22% to Ceftriaxone (p<0.0001) and from 42.37% to 63.23% (p<0.0001) to Ciprofloxacin. Resistance of Klebsiella spp strains to Ceftazidime increased significantly from 25.26% to 42.54% (p< 0.0001) and to Ceftriaxone from 2.17% to 41.79% (p< 0.0001) respectively from 2010 to 2017. Conclusion: The increase in antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and especially the evolution of resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones is a real phenomenon. This will lead to difficulties in therapeutic management and requires the implementation of appropriate measures
Profil épidémiologique de la rougeole au Mali de 2009 à 2018: Epidemiological profile of measles in Mali from 2009 to 2018
Introduction: La rougeole, maladie virale hautement contagieuse causeÌe par un Morbillivirus, reste un important probleÌeme de santeÌ publique dans de nombreux pays malgreÌ l'existence d'un vaccin efficace. La surveillance de la rougeole est l'un des aspects cleÌs de la lutte contre cette maladie. La preÌsente eÌtude avait pour objectif de deÌcrire la mortaliteÌ et la morbiditeÌ de la rougeole au Mali entre 2009 et 2018. MĂ©thodes: Il s'agissait d'eÌtude transversale descriptive. Les donneÌes de surveillance de la rougeole au Mali de 2009 aÌ 2018 ont eÌteÌ analyseÌes en personne, lieu et temps. RĂ©sultats: De 2009 aÌ 2018, le nombre de cas confirmeÌs de rougeole eÌtait de 6461 dont 29 deÌceÌs soit une leÌtaliteÌ de 0,45%. La confirmation des cas avait eÌteÌ faite par le laboratoire pour 2551 cas (39,48%), par lien eÌpideÌmiologique pour 3738 cas (57,85%) et cliniquement pour 172 cas (2,66%). Les enfants de moins de 5 ans repreÌsentaient 50,97% des cas et 75,86% des deÌceÌs. La majoriteÌ des cas (95,71 %) n'avaient jamais eÌteÌ vaccineÌs contre la rougeole. Les incidences les plus eÌleveÌes avaient eÌteÌ observeÌes en 2009 (22,65 pour 100 000 hbts) et 2010 (11,81 pour 100 000 hbts). Tombouctou, Gao et Mopti avaient enregistreÌs les plus grands nombres de cas en 2009 et Bamako, Koulikoro et Mopti en 2010. Conclusion: La majoriteÌ des cas et des deÌceÌs eÌtaient les enfants non vaccineÌs de moins de cinq ans. Un renforcement du programme eÌlargi de vaccination de routine, une riposte aux eÌpideÌemies et des strateÌegies de vaccination couvrant tout le pays sont neÌcessaires.
Introduction: Measles, a highly contagious viral disease caused by a Morbillivirus, remains an important public health problem in many countries despite the availability of an effective vaccine. Measles surveillance is one of the key aspects of measles control. The objective of this study was to describe measles mortality and morbidity in Mali between 2009 and 2018. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Measles surveillance data in Mali from 2009 to 2018 were analysed by person, place and time. Results: From 2009 to 2018, the number of confirmed measles cases was 6461 including 29 deaths, i.e. a case-fatality rate of 0.45%. Cases were confirmed by the laboratory for 2551 cases (39.48%), by epidemiological link for 3738 cases (57.85%) and clinically for 172 cases (2.66%). Children under 5 years of age represented 50.97% of cases and 75.86% of deaths. The majority of cases (95.71%) had never been vaccinated against measles. The highest incidences were observed in 2009 (22.65 per 100,000 inhabitants) and 2010 (11.81 per 100,000 inhabitants). Timbuktu, Gao and Mopti had the highest number of cases in 2009 and Bamako, Koulikoro and Mopti in 2010. Conclusion: The majority of cases and deaths were among unvaccinated children under five years of age. Strengthening of the routine expanded programme of immunisation, response to epidemics and nationwide immunisation strategies are needed
Facteurs associeÌs au paludisme chez les cas suspects de paludisme dans les cinq districts sanitaires de Niamey, Niger, 2019
Introduction: Le paludisme est un probleÌme majeur de santeÌ publique dans le monde mais aussi au Niger. En 2018 lâOrganisation Mondiale de la SanteÌ a classeÌ le Niger parmi les 6 pays enregistrant 54% des cas de paludisme au niveau mondial. Lâobjectif de notre eÌtude est de deÌterminer les facteurs associeÌs au paludisme chez les cas suspects dans les cinq districts sanitaires de Niamey de novembre aÌ deÌcembre 2019.
MeÌthodes: Nous avons meneÌ une eÌtude observationnelle transversale analytique du 1er novembre au 31 deÌcembre 2019. La population cible eÌtait tous les cas suspects de paludisme consultant dans les formations sanitaires de Niamey. Les odd ratio (OR) dâassociation avec le paludisme ont eÌteÌ estimeÌs dans une reÌgression logistique. Les analyses ont eÌteÌ effectueÌes aÌ l'aide des logiciels Epi-info version 7 et Stata 13. 1.
ReÌsultats: 845 cas suspects de paludisme ont eÌteÌ enroÌleÌs, 287 gouttes eÌpaisses eÌtaient positives, soit une preÌvalence globale de 34%. En analyse multivarieÌe les facteurs indeÌpendamment associeÌs au paludisme dans les cinq districts de Niamey eÌtaient : non instruction [OR= 4,56 ; IC95= (1,70-12,20) ; p<0,004] ; nombre de chimiopreÌvention du paludisme saisonnier (CPS) infeÌrieur aÌ 3 doses [OR=21,47 ; IC95 (10,11-45,61) ; p<0,004] ; Non utilisation des insecticides [OR=3,82 ; IC95= (1,56 â 9,35) ; p†0,001] ; utilisation des moustiquaires impreÌgneÌes dâinsecticide aÌ longue dureÌe dâaction apreÌs 21h [OR=24,05 IC95= (11,26-51,34) Pâ€0,001].
Conclusion: Le paludisme est lieÌ aÌ des facteurs tous modifiables. Ces reÌsultats contribueront aÌ ameÌliorer la lutte contre le paludisme au Niger en geÌneÌral et en particulier aÌ Niamey en ciblant ces facteurs.
Mots-cleÌs: Cas suspects de paludisme, preÌvalence, facteurs associeÌs, Niamey
English Title: Prevalence and factors associated with malaria in suspected cases in the five health districts of Niamey, Niger, 2019
English Abstract
Introduction: Malaria is a major public health problem in the world and also in Niger. In 2018, World Health Organization ranked Niger among the six countries recording 54% of global malaria cases. The objective of our study was to determine the factors associated with malaria in suspected cases in the five health districts of Niamey from November to December 2019.
Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study from November 1st to December 31th, 2019. The target population was all malaria suspects consulting in the health facilities in Niamey. The odd ratio (OR) of association with malaria were estimated in a logistic regression. Analyses were performed using Epi-info version 7 and Stata 13.1. software.
Results: 845 suspected cases of malaria were enrolled, 287 thick drops were positive, for an overall prevalence of 34%. In multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with malaria in the five districts of Niamey were: non-instruction [OR=4.56; 95% CI= (1.70-12.20); p<0.004]; number of seasonal malaria chemoprevention <3 doses [OR=21.47; 95% CI= (10.11-45.61); p<0.004]; non-use of insecticides [OR=3.82; 95% CI= (1.56-9.35); p†0.001]; long-acting insecticide-treated nets use after 9pm [OR=24.05; 95% CI= (11.26-51.34) Pâ€0.001].
Conclusion: Malaria is linked to factors that are all modifiable. These results will contribute to improving malaria control in Niger in general and in Niamey in particular by targeting these factors.
Key words: Suspected cases of malaria, prevalence, associated factors, Niame
Profil épidémiologique et clinique des accidentés de la voie publique dans la commune de Porto-Novo au Bénin
Au BĂ©nin, le nombre dâaccidents de la voie publique est passĂ© de 5740 en 2012 Ă 5992 en 2015. Aucune Ă©tude sur le profil Ă©pidĂ©miologique de ces victimes d'accidents dans la municipalitĂ© de Porto-Novo n'a encore Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e. Notre objectif Ă©tait de dĂ©crire le profil Ă©pidĂ©miologique des accidents de la voie publique dans la commune de Porto-Novo.Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude transversale descriptive du 1er janvier au 25 mars 2017 dans deux hĂŽpitaux et cinq cliniques de la municipalitĂ© de Porto-Novo. Nous avons recueilli les donnĂ©es en interrogeant tous les patients victimes d'accidents de la route admis dans ces diffĂ©rents Ă©tablissements de santĂ© aprĂšs avoir reçu des soins d'urgence ou leurs accompagnateurs et en estimant leur proportion. Entre le 1er janvier et le 25 mars 2017, 408 victimes d'accidents ont Ă©tĂ© inclus. Dans la plupart des cas, les traumatismes ont Ă©tĂ© causĂ©s par des motocyclistes (78,68 %) et concernaient la tranche dâĂąge de 15 Ă 29 ans (37,25 %) ; 68,63 % Ă©tait de sexe masculin. La majoritĂ© des blessĂ©s prĂ©sentaient des traumatismes aux membres infĂ©rieurs (61,27 %) et au crĂąne (25,35 %). La majoritĂ© des victimes d'accidents de la voie publique avaient entre 15 et 29 ans, Ă©taient des hommes et ne portaient pas de casque. Des mesures prĂ©ventives doivent ĂȘtre prises pour rĂ©duire la morbiditĂ© et la mortalitĂ© liĂ©es aux accidents de la voie publique.Mots-clĂ©s: Profil Ă©pidĂ©miologique, profil clinique, accidents de la voie publique, Porto-Novo, Benin, janvier-mars 2017English Title: Epidemiological and clinical profile of road accident victims in Porto-Novo, BeninEnglish AbstractIn Benin, the number of road traffic accident victims increased from 5740 in 2012 to 5992 in 2015. No study on the epidemiological profile of these accident victims in the municipality of Porto-Novo has yet been carried out. Our objective was to describe the epidemiological profile of road accident in municipality of Porto-Novo. We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study from January 1 to March 25, 2017 in two hospitals and five clinics in the municipality of Porto-Novo. We collected the data by interviews from all patients who were victims of road accidents admitted to these different health facilities after they received emergency care or their accompanying persons and estimated proportions. Between January 1 and March 25, 2017, 408 accident victims were enrolled. In most cases, trauma was caused by motorcycles (78.68%) and concerned young adults aged 15 Ă 29 years (37.25%) and male sex (68.63%). The main victims are motorcyclists (78.68%). The majority of the injured presented traumas trauma of the lower limbs (61.27%) and skull (25.35%). The majority of road accident victims were between 45-59 age group, male and characterized by not wearing a helmet. Preventive measures must be taken to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to road accidents.Keywords: Epidemiological Profile, clinical profile, road traffic accidents, Porto-Novo, Benin, January-March 201
Profil EpideÌmiologique des accidents de la route survenus aÌ Niamey, Niger du 1er feÌvrier au 31 mars 2017
Introduction: Les accidents de la route sont devenus un probleÌme de santeÌ publique au Niger. En 2015, le taux dâincidence annuelle des accidents eÌtait de 26,4 pour 100.000 habitants. Notre objectif eÌtait de deÌcrire ces accidents et les caracteÌristiques sociodeÌmographiques des conducteurs en temps, lieu et personne.
MeÌthodes: Nous avons conduit une eÌtude transversale sur les accidents de la route survenus aÌ Niamey du 1er FeÌvrier au 31 Mars 2017. Les donneÌes ont eÌteÌ obtenues aÌ partir des statistiques de la police nationale.
ReÌsultats: Au total, 479 accidents ont eÌteÌ recenseÌs. Le sexe masculin repreÌsentait 93,6%. LâaÌge meÌdian eÌtait de 22 ans. La tranche dâaÌge de 15 aÌ 29 ans repreÌsentait 81,4%. L'exceÌs de vitesse, le refus de prioriteÌs et lâimprudence ont eÌteÌ les comportements des conducteurs (respectivement 21,7%, 29,4% et 30,3%). Les accidents survenaient souvent le Samedi (20,8%). Les VeÌhicules particuliers et les Motos eÌtaient plus impliqueÌs (respectivement 43,50% et 33,92%).
Conclusion: Il ressort de cette eÌtude que les accidents de la route surviendraient plus freÌquemment chez les jeunes, adoptant des comportements aÌ risque eÌvitables, les samedis, au volant de veÌhicules particuliers. Des eÌtudes analytiques sont neÌcessaires pour eÌtablir formellement lâassociation de ces facteurs avec le risque de survenue des accidents.
Mots cleÌs: Accident de la route, Profil eÌpideÌmiologique, Niger.
English Title: Epidemiological profile of road accidents in Niamey, Niger from February 1 to March 31, 2017
English Abstract
Introduction: Traffic accidents have become a public health problem in Niger. In 2015, the country had 26.4 death per 100,000 inhabitants. The aim of this study was to describe the Sociodemographic characteristics of the drivers and the accidents in terms of time and place.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on road accidents that occurred in Niamey from February 1st to March 31st, 2017. Data were obtained from the national police statistics.
Results: A total of 479 accidents were reported during the Study period. Of all the recorded cases, 93.57% were male. The median age was 22 years old. The age group of 15 to 29 years accounted for 81.4% of all road accidents. Reasons behind road traffic accidents were speeding, refusal to give priorities and carelessness and those were estimated at 21.7%, 29.43% and 30.27%, respectively. Accidents often occurred on Saturday (20.83%). Private cars and motorcycles were more involved at a rate of 43.50% and 33.92% respectively.
Conclusion: These results require the adoption of preventive measures in order to reduce road traffic accidents in Niger. It is essential to involve communities in the planning and application of these measures, considering social and cultural aspects.
Keywords: Road accident, epidemiological profile, Nige
Investigation Around Cases of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic FeverâMauritania, 2022
International audienceAbstract Background Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic arbovirosis. Humans are infected by tick bites or contact with blood of infected animals. CCHF can be responsible for severe outbreaks due to human-to-human transmission. Our aims were to increase awareness and promote the search for risk factors and disease monitoring to prevent CCHF epidemic, capacity building, appropriate measures to treat patients, and information for the local population. Methods During the outbreak of hemorrhagic fever from February to May 2022, blood samples were collected from 88 patients suspected to be infected with the virus. Diagnosis was established by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results CCHF was confirmed by RT-PCR in 7 of 88 (8%) patients. Ticks were found in cattle, sheep, or goats in the areas where the subjects resided, with the exception of 1 CCHF-positive patient in close contact with fresh animal meat. Exposure to potential risk factors was found in all patients. The interval between the onset of symptoms and hospital admission was 2â3 days. All 7 patients were admitted to our hospital and treated promptly by blood transfusion. Two patients died. Conclusions Mortality is high in patients with the hemorrhagic form of CCHF. Disease prevention is necessary by strengthening vector control, avoiding contact and consumption of organic products from diseased animals, and vaccinating animals in areas where the disease is endemic. Furthermore, it is essential to establish management procedures for patients infected with CCHF virus
Facteurs associĂ©s au cancer du sein chez les femmes ĂągĂ©es de 15 Ă 49 ans de la MaternitĂ© Issaka Gazobi de la rĂ©gion de Niamey, janvier 2012 Ă dĂ©cembre 2016: Ătude cas-tĂ©moins
Au Niger, le cancer du sein est plus frĂ©quent chez les femmes. Il reprĂ©sente 17 % de tous les cancers. L'objectif de notre Ă©tude Ă©tait d'identifier les facteurs associĂ©s au cancer du sein chez ces femmes afin et contribuer Ă rĂ©duire son incidence. Une Ă©tude cas-tĂ©moin chez les femmes ĂągĂ©es de 15 Ă 49 ans a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e du 01 janvier 2012 au 31 dĂ©cembre 2016. Nous avons identifiĂ© 144 cas et 144 tĂ©moins des dossiers d'admission et mĂ©dicaux de la MaternitĂ© Issaka Gozobi et du registre du cancer du laboratoire d'anatomopathologie de la FacultĂ© des sciences de la santĂ©. Un questionnaire a Ă©tĂ© administrĂ© Ă ces femmes pour recueillir leurs caractĂ©ristiques sociodĂ©mographiques et cliniques. Des frĂ©quences, des Odds ratio et des intervalles de confiance de 95 % ont Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©es. Le cancer du sein Ă©tait associĂ© Ă : Ăąge â„ 35 ans (OR=1,97 ; IC Ă 95 % = [1,16-3,35], p = 0,006), prise de contraceptifs oraux (OR=2,29 ; IC Ă 95 % = [1,31-4,01], p = 0,001) et allaitement maternel (OR = 0,43 ; IC Ă 95 % = [0,23-0,46], p = 0,006). L'Ăąge supĂ©rieur ou Ă©gal Ă 35 ans, la prise de contraceptif oral, la non-pratique de lâallaitement maternel sont les facteurs associĂ©s au cancer du sein dans notre Ă©tude. Nous recommandons une sensibilisation des femmes sur les facteurs associĂ©s au cancer du sein et lâimportance de lâallaitement maternel.Mots-clĂ©s: Cancer du sein, Niamey, Facteurs associĂ©sEnglish Title: Risk factors associated with breast cancer in in women aged 15 to 49 years old of maternitĂ© Issaka Gazobi in the Niamey Region, Niger, from January 2012 to December 2016: a case control studyEnglish AbstractIn Niger, breast cancer is common in women. It represents 17% of all cancers. The objective of our study was to identify factors associated with breast cancer in women aged 15 to 49 years in contribute to reduce its incidence. A case-control study in women aged 15 to 49 was conducted from January 1st, 2012 to December31st, 2016. We identified 144 cases and 144 controls in medical records, MaternitĂ© Issaka Gozobi admission records and cancer registry of Anatomopathology Laboratory of the Faculty of Health Sciences. A questionnaire was administered to these women to collect their socio-demographic characteristics and clinical characteristics. Frequencies, proportions, Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Results: Breast cancer was associated with: age â„ 35 years (OR=1.97; 95% CI = [1.16-3.35], p=0.006), oral contraceptive use (OR=2.29; 95% CI = [1.31-4.01], p=0.001) and breastfeeding (OR=0.43; 95% CI = [0.23-0.46], p=0.006). Age 35 years or older, oral contraceptive use and non-practice of breastfeeding are factors associated with breast cancer in Niger. We recommend that women be made aware of factors associated with breast cancer and importance of breastfeeding.Keywords: Breast Cancer, Niamey, Associated factor