Adhesive contact on microstructured substrates

This file contains single pad friction force measurements of cockroach and dock beetle pads on transparent micro-structured substrates and the static contact study of dock beetle pads on "tall" pillar substrates

Composition and nutrient level of diets (as fed basis).

a<p>Providing the following per mg/kg diet: retinyl acetate, 3.44; cholecalciferol, 0.075; all-rac-α-tocopherol acetate, 30; menadione, 1.3; thiamin, 2.2; riboflavin, 8; nicotinamide, 40; choline chloride, 600; calcium pantothenate, 10; pyridoxine·HCl, 4; biotin, 0.04; folic acid, 1; cobalamin, 0.013; Fe (as FeSO₄.H₂O), 80; Cu (as CuSO₄.5H₂O), 8; Mn (as MnSO₄.H₂O), 110; Zn (as ZnO), 65; I (as KIO₃), 1.1; Se (as Na₂SeO₃), 0.3.</p><p>Composition and nutrient level of diets (as fed basis).</p

Myostatin (MSTN) mRNA level and DNA methylation of gene exon 1 region.

<p>Heavy −48.3±0.1 g; Light −41.7±0.1 g; CM – control methionine levels (0.50% and 0.43% methionine during 1–21 d and 22–42 d, respectively); HM - high methionine levels (0.60% and 0.53% methionine during 1–21 d and 22–42 d, respectively); HW - hatching weight.</p><p>SEM - standard error of the mean.</p><p>Within the same row, different superscripts indicate significant differences (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p>Myostatin (MSTN) mRNA level and DNA methylation of gene exon 1 region.</p

Phosphorylation of ERK1/2, mTOR and FoxO4.

<p>Western blot analysis (up) and quantification of the results (down) are shown. H - heavy (48.3±0.1 g); L - light (41.7±0.1 g); CM – control methionine levels (0.50% and 0.43% methionine during 1–21 d and 22–42 d, respectively); HM - high methionine levels (0.60% and 0.53% methionine during 1–21 d and 22–42 d, respectively). Different superscripts indicate significant differences (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Multifunctional Hydroxyapatite/Na(Y/Gd)F₄:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺ Composite Fibers for Drug Delivery and Dual Modal Imaging

Porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite fibers functionalized with up-conversion (UC) luminescent and magnetic Na­(Y/Gd)­F₄:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺ nanocrystals (NCs) have been fabricated via electrospinning. After transferring hydrophobic oleic acid-capped Na­(Y/Gd)­F₄:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺ NCs into aqueous solution, these water-dispersible NCs were dispersed into precursor electrospun solution containing CTAB. Na­(Y/Gd)­F₄:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺@HAp composite fibers were fabricated by the high temperature treatment of the electrospun Na­(Y/Gd)­F₄:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺ NCs decorated precursor fibers. The biocompatibility test on MC 3T3-E1 cells using MTT assay shows that the HAp composite fibers have negligible cytotoxity, which reveals the HAp composite fibers could be a drug carrier for drug delivery. Because the contrast brightening is enhanced at increased concentrations of Gd³⁺, the HAp composite fibers can serve as T₁ magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. In addition, the composites uptaken by MC 3T3-E1 cells present the UC luminescent emission of Er³⁺ under the excitation of a 980 nm near-infrared laser. The above findings reveal Na­(Y/Gd)­F₄:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺@HAp composite fibers have potential applications in drug storage/release and magnetic resonance/UC luminescence imaging

Influence of Butyrate Loaded Clinoptilolite Dietary Supplementation on Growth Performance, Development of Intestine and Antioxidant Capacity in Broiler Chickens

<div><p>The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary butyrate loaded clinoptilolite (CLI-B) on growth performance, pancreatic digestive enzymes, intestinal development and histomorphology, as well as antioxidant capacity of serum and intestinal mucosal in chickens. Two hundred forty 1-day-old commercial Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 4 groups: CON group (fed basal diets), SB group (fed basal diet with 0.05% sodium butyrate), CLI group (fed basal diet with 1% clinoptilolite), and CLI-B group (fed basal diet with 1% CLI-B). The results showed that supplementation of CLI-B significantly decreased (P < 0.05) feed conservation ratio at both 21 and 42 days of age, improved the pancreatic digestive enzymes activities (P < 0.05), increased the villus length and villus/crypt ratio (P < 0.05), and decreased the crypt depth of intestine (P < 0.05) as compared to the other experimental groups. Furthermore, the CLI-B environment improved the antioxidant capacity by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities (P < 0.05) in intestine mucosal, and decreasing the NO content and <i>i</i>NOS activity (P < 0.05) in serum. In addition, CLI-B supplementation had improved the development of intestine and antioxidant capacity of broilers than supplementation with either clinoptilolite or butyrate sodium alone. In conclusion, 1% CLI-B supplementation improved the health status, intestine development and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens, thus appearing as an important feed additive for the poultry industry.</p></div

Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of duodenum, jejunum and ileum at 42 days of age.

<p>Note: Scale bar, 500 μm.</p

Effects of different treatments of CLI-B on antioxidant capacity of jejunum mucosal of broilers chickens.

<p>Effects of different treatments of CLI-B on antioxidant capacity of jejunum mucosal of broilers chickens.</p

Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of duodenum, jejunum and ileum at 21 days of age.

<p>Note: Scale bar, 500 μm.</p

Effects of different treatments on duodenum, jejunum and ileum histomorphology of broilers chickens.

<p>Effects of different treatments on duodenum, jejunum and ileum histomorphology of broilers chickens.</p