Decay of escherichia coli in soil following the application of biosolids to agricultural land

The decay of Escherichia coli in a sandy loam soil, amended with enhanced and conventionally treated biosolids, was investigated in a field experiment following spring and autumn applications of sewage sludge. Control soils, without the application of biosolids, were also examined to determine the background indigenous populations of E. coli which are present in the environment. The survival of indigenous E. coli and populations of E. coli applied to soil in biosolids, is assessed in relation to environmental factors influencing pathogen-decay processes in soil

Tailoring surface properties, biocompatibility and corrosion behavior of stainless steel by laser induced periodic surface treatment towards developing biomimetic stents

Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) holds great potential for regenerative biomedicine. Creating highly precise LIPSS enables to generate biomimetic implant surfaces with improved properties. The present study focuses on the fabrication and investigation of laser-treated stainless steel samples with applied linear LIPSS patterns with grooves made by means of a picosecond laser system using wavelengths of 1064 nm and 532 nm. To investigate properties of the laser-treated surfaces and to understand the basics of cell-surface interactions between the LIPSS and human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UCMSC), flat stainless steel samples with various applied nanopatterns were used. Such LIPSSs demonstrated higher surface roughness, good biocompatibility, lower wettability and higher corrosion resistance compared to the untreated (polished) spec-imens. The surface roughness of laser-treated samples was in microscale that enabled adhesion and migration of endothelial cells, thus increasing the likelihood for endothelialisation. This thereby could reduce the chances for the development of Late Stent Thrombosis (LST) and In-Stent Restenosis (ISR). Furthermore, laser textured surfaces demonstrated an environment supportive for cell attachment, proliferation and alignment with the nanogroves. Therefore, application of the biomimetic nanopatterns could help to overcome frequent post-surgery complications after the stent implantation

Perceptions about the dialysis modality decision process among peritoneal dialysis and in-center hemodialysis patients

Abstract Background Patients reaching end-stage renal disease must make a difficult decision regarding renal replacement therapy (RRT) options. Because the choice between dialysis modalities should include patient preferences, it is critical that patients are engaged in the dialysis modality decision. As part of the Empowering Patients on Choices for RRT (EPOCH-RRT) study, we assessed dialysis patients’ perceptions of their dialysis modality decision-making process and the impact of their chosen modality on their lives. Methods A 39-question survey was developed in collaboration with a multi-stakeholder advisory panel to assess perceptions of patients on either peritoneal dialysis (PD) or in-center hemodialysis (HD). The survey was disseminated to participants in the large US cohorts of the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) and the Peritoneal DOPPS (PDOPPS). Survey responses were compared between PD and in-center HD patients using descriptive statistics, adjusted logistic generalized estimating equation models, and linear mixed regression models. Results Six hundred fourteen PD and 1346 in-center HD participants responded. Compared with in-center HD participants, PD participants more frequently reported that they were engaged in the decision-making process, were provided enough information, understood differences between dialysis modalities, and felt satisfied with their modality choice. PD participants also reported more frequently than in-center HD participants that partners or spouses (79% vs. 70%), physician assistants (80% vs. 66%), and nursing staff (78% vs. 60%) had at least some involvement in the dialysis modality decision. Over 35% of PD and in-center HD participants did not know another dialysis patient at the time of their modality decision and over 60% did not know the disadvantages of their modality type. Participants using either dialysis modality perceived a moderate to high impact of dialysis on their lives. Conclusions PD participants were more engaged in the modality decision process compared to in-center HD participants. For both modalities, there is room for improvement in patient education and other support for patients choosing a dialysis modality.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146147/1/12882_2018_Article_1096.pd

Features of modeling fatty liver disease in rats of different ages based on a high-calorie diet

BACKGROUND: The problem of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of fat liver disease (FLD) is one of the actual problems of modern medicine. In this regard, the need for the creation of reliable experimental models of the FLD, which would be as close as possible to the pathogenetic patterns of the development of this disease in humans.AIM: To create an experimental model of FLD and compare the efficiency of its reproduction in rats of different ages.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on male Wistar rats, whose ages at the beginning of the experiment were 3 and 18 months. Control animals were fed a standard diet. The experimental rats were kept on a diet with excess fat (45 %) and carbohydrates (31 %) for 12 weeks. The liver tissue samples were taken for morphological studies of FLD. Histological preparations were made according to the standard technique. Morphometry on digital images of micropreparations was conducted using the computer program «IMAGE J». The concentration of lipids, cholesterol, and triglecerides in the liver tissue was determined, and the concentration of ALT in the blood serum was determined. To assess the biophysical properties of the liver tissue, the method of multifrequency bioimpedance measurement was used.RESULTS: The transfer of animals to a high-calorie diet developed by us led to the development of FLD. This was evidenced by an increase of the liver mass, its pale shade and soft consistency. Morphometric signs of FLD were also revealed. Hypertrophy of hepatocytes was observed with a simultaneous decrease in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio; accumulation of numerous lipid inclusions in the cytoplasm and the appearance of large lipid droplets replacing the voids of dead hepatocytes. The number of binuclear hepatocytes and nucleolus in the nucleus, the relative area of the sinusoid network were decreased. An increase in the concentration of lipids, cholesterol and triglecerides in the liver tissue of experimental rats, as well as the activity of ALT in the blood serum, was observed. Changes in the bioimpedance measurements of the liver tissue also indicated the  development of severe fatty degeneration of the liver in both young (to a greater extent) and old rats.CONCLUSION: The model of FLD we have advanced based on a combined (fat-carbohydrate) high-calorie diet. It leads to the development of pronounced morphological, biochemical and biophysical signs of this pathology in all experimental rats. The most pronounced manifestations of FLD are observed in young animals

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ФОРМЫ ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ КРУПНЫХ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ

Large investment projects require raising high volumes of financial resources on the long term. There is a task now set to raise private capital into the power field more actively and to develop state-private partnership. The article analyses modern types of financing: ВОО (Build - Own - Operate) and ВООТ (Build - Own - Operate - Transfer) that allow to accumulate required financial resources, reduce investment risks and combine interests of different parts participating in a project.Крупные инвестиционные проекты требуют привлечения больших объемов финансовых ресурсов на длительный период. В настоящее время поставлена задача более активного привлечения в энергетику частного капитала, развития государственно-частного партнерства. В статье проводится анализ современных форм финансирования: ВОО (Build - Own - Operate, строю - владею - эксплуатирую) и ВООТ (Build - Own - Operate - Transfer, строю - владею - эксплуатирую - передаю), которые позволяют аккумулировать необходимые финансовые ресурсы, снизить инвестиционные риски, объединить интересы различных сторон - участников проекта

Спосіб реставрації бічних зубів

Спосіб реставрації бічних зубів включає використання штампу. Штамп виготовляється із смоли світлового твердіння низької в'язкості "LC Block Out Resin" та рельєф реставрації, створений із композиційного матеріалу світлового твердіння, моделюється через тефлонову стрічку

Профілактика карієсу тимчасових зубів

У монографії розглядається питання профілактики карієсу тимчасових зубів. Розглянуто фактори, що впливають на розвиток карієсу тимчасових зубів. На підставі власних досліджень проаналізовані фактори ризику та подано обґрунтовані схеми профілактики карієсу тимчасових зубів. Видання рекомендоване для студентів, лікарів-інтернів, клінічних ординаторів, лікарів-стоматологів, викладачів стоматологічних факультетів медичних вузів

Про деякі «справжні» і «хибні» помилки в англійській медичній термінології

У статті розглянуто деякі термінологічні труднощі, що виникають в осіб, які використовують англійську мову у фаховому медичному мовленні (усному й писемному), але не належать до категорії «native speakers». Автори диференціюють справжні помилки – анормативи та «хибні помилки». Закцентовано увагу на тому, що в англійській мові наявний значний відсоток однокореневих суфіксальних прикметників, запозичених з латинської мови й утворених за допомогою різних суфіксів. Автори наголошують, що вибір конкретного суфіксального прикметника залежить від уподобань користувача. Побіжно розглянуто питання утворення форм множини іменників, запозичених із міжнародної (греко-латинської) медичної термінології. Основні шляхи усунення труднощів і мінімізації помилок автори вбачають у постійній і копіткій праці з авторитетними науковими, навчальними, лексикографічними джерелами, максимальному залученні міждисциплінарних знань, з латинської мови та медичної термінології зокрема, опрацюванні автентичних джерел.The article discusses some terminological difficulties that arise in the use of English in professional medical speech (oral and written) by non-native speakers. The authors differentiate between real errors and «false errors». Attention is focused on the fact that in the English language, there is a significant percentage of single-root suffixal adjectives borrowed from Latin and formed with the help of various suffixes. The authors note that the choice of a particular suffixal adjective depends on the preference of the user. The issues of the formation of plural forms of nouns borrowed from international (Greek-Latin) medical terminology are briefly considered. The authors see the main ways of eliminating problems and minimizing errors in constant and painstaking work with authoritative scientific, educational and lexicographic sources, maximum involvement of interdisciplinary knowledge, in particular, from Latin and medical terminology, and the study of authentic sources.В статье рассмотрены некоторые терминологические трудности, возникающие у лиц, использующих английский язык в профессиональной медицинской речи (устной и письменной), но не относящиеся к категории «native speakers». Авторы дифференцируют настоящие ошибки –анормативы и «ложные ошибки». Акцентируется внимание на том, что в английском языке имеется значительный процент однокоренных суффиксальних прилагательных, заимствованных из латинского языка и образованных с помощью различных суффиксов. Авторы отмечают, что выбор конкретного суффиксального прилагательного зависит от предпочтений пользователя. Бегло рассмотрены вопросы образования форм множественного числа существительных, заимствованных из международной (греко-латинской) медицинской терминологии. Основные пути устранения проблем и минимизации ошибок авторы видят в постоянной и кропотливой работе с авторитетными научными, учебными и лексикографическими источниками, максимальном привлечении междисциплинарных знаний, в частности, из латинского языка и медицинской терминологии, работе с аутентичными источниками

Frequency of dental caries in children in the Early Iron Age and the Medieval populations from Ukraine

In this paper we determine the caries frequency in children of the Early Iron Age (EIA) (the 9th - the 3d centuries BC) and the Medieval populations (the 8th - the beginning of the 15th century AD) from the Ukraine area, and compare the results with the data from several European populations who lived at the same time. The EIA is presented by 41 children skeletons, three of which were Cimmerian (the 9th - the 7th centuries BC) from the territory of contemporary Poltava region; 38 skulls from the territory of contemporary Poltava region and Crimea represented Scythian period (the 7th - the 3d centuries BC). Remains of 24 children from the Medieval populations were also examined, three of which were the ancient Hungarians from the Poltava region (the 8th - the 9th centuries AD), 6 Khazars from the Kharkiv region (the 8th - the 9th centuries), 1 child related the Old Rus culture from the Kyiv region (the 9th century), and 14 representatives of the nomadic populations in the Golden Horde period (the 13th - the beginning of the 15th century) from the Poltava and Zaporizhzhya regions. Taking in consideration the letter archaeobotanical studies we suggest that there were no major changes in the plants exploited during all the studied periods. The frequency of carious lesions in children from the Medieval populations (8.3% in individuals, 0.5% in deciduous teeth, and 0.4% in permanent teeth) is only slightly higher than those from the EIA period (2.4% in individuals and 0.2% in deciduous teeth). These indexes were not larger those of majority of European populations dated to the same historic period. Further isotopic, chemical and palaeobotanical studies of the additional sites, with sufficient sample sizes, allow us to learn so much more of the cariogenic factors in children of the past populations from the Ukraine area