Preacher\u27s Magazine Volume 27 Number 01

Editorials:Retrospection—Maturity—Success The Counselor’s Corner Religion and Health,” a New Magazine, Russell L. Dicks Sermon for the New Year, “The Untraveled Road,” Henry B. Wallin St. Paul on the Life of Christ, J. H. Mayfield A Wilderness Experience for the Ministry, W. Shelburne Brown Three-Minute Sermon, F. Lincicome (The New Year) The Reaction Against the Evolutionary Interpretation of the Bible, Ralph Earle A Letter from Adam Clarke to a Preacher Friend, A. S. London Service Without Servility, Eric Jorden Should Ministers Marry Christians to Unbelievers? Anonymous Working with Men, Robert Hertenstein (Deceased) No Denominational Barriers in Our Hymnal, J. Raymond Knighton, Jr. Practical:Sermon Outlines, Messages on the Messianic Psalms, John W. May The Master Evangelist, Peter Wiseman Usable Poems, Mabel Dennett, Dick Fullerton Musings of a Minister’s Wife, Mrs. W. M. Franklin The Preacher and Churchmanship, Raymond Browning Uncle Hiram Says—, Uncle Hiram Two Dozen Don’ts for a Better Pastor-Evangelist Relationship Is Your Time Your Own? J. T. Gassett The Minister’s Wife, Mrs. Harold Reed Pointed Paragraphs for Preachers, Evangelist F. Lincicomehttps://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/cotn_pm/1304/thumbnail.jp

Functional analysis of conserved microRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs of approximately 21 nucleotides that negatively regulate gene expression. In plants, many miRNAs target key regulatory genes, such as transcription factors, which play critical roles in plant developmental processes and stress responses. Underscoring their importance, many of these miRNA-target relationships are highly conserved, such as the miR159-MYB regulatory module that appears present in all land plants. This regulatory relationship has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis. In seeds and flowers, where miR159 activity is weak, MYB activity promotes programmed cell death (PCD), facilitating seed germination and anther development respectively. Moreover, the generation of a loss-of-function mir159 mutant has been shown to result in pleiotropic vegetative defects (e.g. curled/rounded leaves and stunted growth), indicating a critical role of miR159 in controlling rosette development. However, what the funcational role of this regulatory module in rosettes remains unknown. Via transcript analysis, I found that miR159 was strongly and ubiquitously expressed throughout the rosette development, where it appeared to constitutively silence MYB activity, suggesting the miR159-MYB module is not developmentally responsive. However, constant miR159 activity is required for normal rosette growth, as an inducible inhibition of miR159 resulted in morphological abnormalities of the rosette. This led to the hypothesis that miR159 could be stress responsive, where if repressed under a particular condition this would enable MYB expression. However, under what environmental condition this occurs remains unclear, because miR159 silencing was found to be extremely robust: neither biotic stresses known to inhibit miRNA activity (a virus containing a silencing suppressor), nor a range of abiotic stresses was able to inhibit miR159 function sufficiently to activate MYB-related phenotypic defects. As a complementary approach to gain insights into the function of the MYB33/65 pathway, an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis screen of mir159 suppressor was undertaken. Interestingly, a high frequency of mir159 revertants was obtained, in which MYB expression was attenuated, suggesting the existence of multiple regulators of MYB expression, and that possibly the miR159-MYB module is extensively networked. The eventual identification of these repressor alleles may shed light on function of the miR159-MYB module in rosettes. Owing to the fact that most miRNAs belong to multigene families, to which traditional loss-of-function approaches cannot be applied due to genetic redundancy, the transgenic approach of using miRNA "SPONGEs (SPs)" was explored to determine their ability in generating loss-of-function mirna outcomes. SPs are transgenes that harbor multiple target sites complementary to miRNAs, leading to their sequestration, an approach that has been effective in animal systems, but not tested in plants. Here, ten miRNA SPs were designed to target different conserved plant miRNA families. Their efficacies in inhibiting the respective miRNAs varied dramatically, where some SPs induced a strong loss-of-function outcome, whereas others did not. What underpins this variability is unclear; neither SP expression level, the free energy (ΔG) of the miRNA-SP interaction or the predicted target accessibility correlated with inhibition efficacies. This likely highlights the complexity of miRNA-target interactions and that when a SP cannot induce any obvious phenotypic impact, alternative approaches will be required

Trajectory statistical solutions and Liouville type equations for evolution equations: abstract results and applications

In this article, we first prove, from the viewpoint of infinite dynamical system, sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of trajectory statistical solutions for autonomous evolution equations. Then we establish that the constructed trajectory statistical solutions possess invariant property and satisfy a Liouville type equation. Moreover, we reveal that the equation describing the invariant property of the trajectory statistical solutions is a particular situation of the Liouville type equation. Finally, we study the equations of three-dimensional incompressible magneto-micropolar fluids in detail and illustrate how to apply our abstract results to some concrete autonomous evolution equations

Protective Effect of Calculus Bovis Sativus

Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which has been reported to exhibit antispasmodic, fever-reducing, anti-inflammatory, and gallbladder-repairing effects. The present study aims to investigate the protective effect of CBS on dextran sulphate sodium- (DSS-) induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 5% DSS in drinking water. CBS was given orally at 50 and 150 mg/kg once per day for 7 days. Body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured. Administration of CBS significantly reserved these changes, decreased the MPO activity and MDA and NO level, and increased the SOD activity in the colon tissue. Histological observation suggested that CBS alleviated edema, mucosal damage, and inflammatory cells infiltration induced by DSS in the colon. Moreover, CBS significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin- (IL-) 1β and IL-6 in the colon tissue. Our data suggested that CBS exerted protective effect on DSS-induced UC partially through the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities

HSAF-induced antifungal effects in Candida albicans through ROS-mediated apoptosis

Heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF) belongs to polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PTMs), which inhibits many fungal pathogens and is effective in inhibiting Candida albicans (C. albicans). In this study, we found that HSAF induced the apoptosis of C. albicans SC5314 through inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nevertheless, we validated the efficacy of HSAF against candidiasis caused by C. albicans in a murine model in vivo,and HSAF significantly improved survival and reduced fungal burden compared to vehicles. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was also investigated, revealing the theoretical binding mode of HSAF to the β-tubulin of C. albicans. This study first found PTMs-induced fungal apoptosis through ROS accumulation in C. albicans and its potential as a novel agent for fungicides

Ubiquitous miR159 repression of MYB33/65 in Arabidopsis rosettes is robust and is not perturbed by a wide range of stresses

Morphological impact of TuMV infection. Representative classification of symptom severities among TuMV-infected rosettes. (PPTX 1545 kb

Evaluation on Transfer Efficiency at Integrated Transport Terminals through Multilevel Grey Evaluation

AbstractTransfer efficiency in integrated transportation terminal is greatly important for both passengers and operational companies. In this paper, we proposed various criteria and a hierarchy index system to evaluate the performance of the transfer condition inside Beijing South Railway Station. To make the assessment more scientific, we assign weightings to each of them by integrated weighting method. Then we use an evaluation method, Multi-level Grey Evaluation, to calculate the performance indexes of different transfer modes in the station and further we compare the ranking results of transfer efficiency of different transfer modes

Iterative Assembly of Two Separate Polyketide Chains by the Same Single-module Bacterial Polyketide Synthase in the Biosynthesis of HSAF

HSAF (1) was isolated from the biocontrol agent Lysobacter enzymogenes (Figure 1).[1-4] This bacterial metabolite belongs to polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PTM) that are emerging as a new class of natural products with distinct structural features. [5, 6] HSAF exhibits a potent antifungal activity and shows a novel mode of action.[1-4] The HSAF biosynthetic gene cluster contains only a single-module hybrid polyketide synthasenonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS), although the PTM scaffold is apparently derived from two separate hexaketide chains and an ornithine residue.[1-4] This suggests that the same PKS module would act not only iteratively, but also separately, in order to link the two hexaketide chains with the NRPS-activated ornithine to form the characteristic PTM scaffold. Recently, the Gulder group reported heterologous expression of the ikarugamycin (4) biosynthetic gene cluster in E. coli,[7] and the Zhang group reported the enzymatic mechanism for formation of the inner 5-memebered ring and demonstrated the polyketide origin of the ikarugamycin skeleton.[8] Ikarugamycin is a Streptomyces-derived PTM which has a 5,6,5-tricyclic system (Figure 1). Both the Gulder and Zhang groups showed that a three-gene cluster is sufficient for ikarugamycin biosynthesis. Despite the progress, this iterative polyketide biosynthetic mechanism had not been demonstrated using purified PKS and NRPS. In addition, HSAF has a 5,5,6-tricyclic system, and its gene cluster contains at least six genes.[3] Finally, unlike most PTM compounds, HSAF is produced by a Gramnegative bacterium, L. enzymogenes. Here, we report the heterologous production of HSAF analogs in Gram-positive Streptomyces hosts, in which the native PKS have been deleted. We also obtained evidence for the formation of the polyene tetramate intermediate in Streptomyces when only the single-module hybrid PKS-NRPS gene was expressed. Finally, we showed the in vitro production of the polyene tetramate using the individually purified PKS and NRPS. The results provide direct evidence for this iterative polyketide biosynthetic mechanism that is likely general for the PTM-type hybrid polyketide-peptides