Lipase activity in alcoholysis and esterification reations of crude latex from babaco fruit (Carica pentagona)

L'activité lipasique du latex brut de Io plante subtropicale de Babaco (Carica pentagona) est étudiée dans des réactions d'alcoolyse et d'estérification. Les résultats indiquent que le latex brut de Carica pentagona présente des propriétés biocatalytiques équivalentes au latex brut de Carica papaya dans des réactions de synthèse telles que l'alcoolyse de triacylglycérols et la réaction d'estérification (les rendements de réaction sont respectivement 72,3% et 70,2% après 3 h pour l'alcoolyse et 31,8% et 33,8% après 24 h pour la réaction d'estérification). Par contre, la papaïne brute commerciale donne des rendements de réaction beaucoup plus bas que les latex bruts des deux espèces de Carica (28,9% en alcoolyse et 5,4% en estérification). (Résumé d'auteur

Effect of water content and temperature on Carica papaya

Temperature and water activity (a w) of the reaction medium are two factors that govern enzyme reactions. We studied the influence of these two parameters on the esterification and transesterification activity of Carica papaya lipase in water and solvent free reactions. It was found that over the course of reaction the catalytic activity of C. papaya lipase was dependent on these factors. The best lipase activity for both reactions was at a temperature of 55°C and water activity of 0.22, which corresponds to 2 g of water per 100 g of C. papaya latex

Integrated process for extraction and formulation in emulsions of active molecules from fresh passion fruits (Passiflora edulis Sims)

Intensified green processes were investigated to extract several classes of active molecules from fresh purple passion fruits, and to prepare emulsions directly by extrusion for the fruit comprehensive utilization. A thermo-mechanical treatment was carried out through a discontinuous process from the edible part and through a continuous process by twin-screw extrusion using the whole fruit. Only mechanical energy was applied to the materials to generate a liquid fraction (filtrate) and a solid residue. Lipid contents of the obtained filtrates ranged from 0.5 to 2.6 g/100 g close to the extractible lipophilic part. Polyphenols extraction was improved when using the whole fruit and with the addition of water in extrusion. In-situ emulsions with droplets sizes between 2 and 8 μm were obtained. Emulsions obtained after extrusion showed an enhanced stability. This way represents a green alternative method to solvent extractions applied to the different parts of the fruit, and leads to bio-based emulsions enriched in vegetable oil, natural antioxidants and emulsifiers, such as phospholipids, proteins, polysaccharides, pectins and polyphenols

Valorisation de la biodiversité des levures dans la zone Océan indien (Réunion, Madagascar). Le cas du métabolisme des arômes chez la levure Saprochaete suaveolens, isolée du fruit du pitahaya

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Semi‐Siccative Oils and Bioactive Fractions Isolated from Reunion Island Fruit Co‐Product: Two Case Studies

Semi-Siccative Oils and Bioactive Fractions Isolatedfrom Reunion Island Fruit Co-Product: Two Case StudiesAlice Delvar, Pascale de Caro,* Yanis Caro,* Alain Shum Cheong Sing, Rudy Thomas,and Christine RaynaudThis paper focused on the use of agro-industrial wastes of strawberry guava (Psidiumcattleianum) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) generated by the agriculturalindustry on Reunion Island, according to two routes: extraction of semi-siccative oilsfrom the seeds and extraction of bioactive compounds from residual pulp and peels.Oil content, fatty acid, carotenoids, tocopherol, and sterol concentrations aredetermined in the seed oils obtained by four different extraction processes usingSoxhlet extraction, extraction by hexane and ethanol, mechanical pressing andsupercritical-carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction. The oil extraction yields ranged from15 to 30% w/w for strawberry guava and passion fruit, respectively. Both oils areclassified as semi-siccative and had a similar total unsaturated fatty acid content(88%) with a prevalence of linoleic acid (70–78%). High contents in phytosterols andinα-tocopherol are particularly detected in strawberry guava oil. The antioxidantactivities of the bioactive compounds extracted by water and ethanol from pulp andpeels are characterized byα,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. After purificationon polymeric resin, significant antioxidant activities are recorded (half maximalinhibitory concentration (IC50) from 11 to 50 g L-1) and are related to polyphenolcontents (20.7 to 42.5 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g dry extract).Practical Applications: There is a great interest on the use of tropical fruit wastesbecause of their large availabilities. Strawberry guava and passion fruit are often usedin the food industry, for juice and jam production. The seeds, pulp, and peel residuesare in fact a by-product of their industrial processing, which should be valuablyprocessed instead of just throwing away. We can state that the extracted seed (richin polyunsaturated fatty acids) of strawberry guava and passion fruit can be used inthe industrial production of emulsions, paints, and varnishes. Within the positiveaspects of the study, one can also distinguish the use of these tropical fruit by-products as beneficial sources of many valuable bioactive compounds, for example,carotenoids, tocopherols, phytosterols, and especially polyphenols, for functionalformulations. Moreover, it may be the experimental basis for further developmentand use in food industr