Production of Antifungal <i>p</i>‑Aminobenzoic Acid in <i>Lysobacter antibioticus</i> OH13

Among <i>Lysobacter</i> species, <i>Lysobacter antibioticus</i> has been demonstrated to be an interesting source of antimicrobial metabolites for the biocontrol of plant diseases. Although the antibacterial activity was attributed to <i>N</i>-oxide phenazines, the active compounds involved in the antifungal function remained unknown. In this work, an antifungal compound was isolated and identified as <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid (pABA). Antifungal activity screening revealed that pABA shows activity against a number of plant pathogens. The genes involved in the synthetic route of this compound in OH13 were identified. Further, the production of pABA was optimized by modification of the carbon source using engineered <i>L. antibioticus</i> OH13 strains

Additional file 1: of Wide-range Vacuum Measurements from MWNT Field Emitters Grown Directly on Stainless Steel Substrates

Additional information. Substrate surface morphology variations after anodization and the residual gas mass spectroscopy of the experimental system. (DOCX 322 kb

Table_1_Beneficial role of gut microbes in maintenance of pace-of-life traits in Phrynocephalus vlangalii.docx

The pace-of-life syndrome theory suggests that species, populations, and individuals are positioned along a slow–fast pace-of-life continuum. However, whether and how individuals maintain a fast pace of life in a slow pace of life population remains unknown. In this study, the boldness and foraging behavior of Phrynocephalus vlangalii from Maduo (4250 m above sea level), a typical slow-paced population, were screened frequently. Both behaviors of P. vlangalii were significantly recurrent and linked with one another. Based on boldness and foraging behavior, the lizards were divided into positive and shy groups, and their gut microbial diversity were studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. No significant difference in α diversity was observed; however, a significant difference existed in the β diversity of gut microbes between the two groups. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the gut microbes in the two groups were distinct. Linear discriminant analysis effect size determined that the shy group contained a more significant proportion of Rikenellaceae and Clostridia. In contrast, the positive group had a higher proportion of Verrucomicrobiota, Verrucomicrobiae, and Akkermansiaceae. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis revealed that biodegradation and metabolism, including lipid metabolism and glycan biosynthesis, were higher in the positive group; on the contrary, nucleotide metabolism and enzyme families were significantly higher in the shy group. The results showed that positive lizards had more beneficial intestinal microflora for lipid and glucose metabolism to satisfy their high metabolic energy demand, whereas shy lizards had more beneficial intestinal microflora for maintaining an elevated fasting blood glucose, a long life span, and a more stable metabolism to sustain their slow pace of life. In this study, we validate a strong relationship between the individual’s pace-of-life traits and intestinal microbiota in P. vlangalii. Further, we demonstrate that gut microorganisms are essential in sustaining the energy-intensive personality traits at high altitudes.</p

Image_1_Beneficial role of gut microbes in maintenance of pace-of-life traits in Phrynocephalus vlangalii.tiff

The pace-of-life syndrome theory suggests that species, populations, and individuals are positioned along a slow–fast pace-of-life continuum. However, whether and how individuals maintain a fast pace of life in a slow pace of life population remains unknown. In this study, the boldness and foraging behavior of Phrynocephalus vlangalii from Maduo (4250 m above sea level), a typical slow-paced population, were screened frequently. Both behaviors of P. vlangalii were significantly recurrent and linked with one another. Based on boldness and foraging behavior, the lizards were divided into positive and shy groups, and their gut microbial diversity were studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. No significant difference in α diversity was observed; however, a significant difference existed in the β diversity of gut microbes between the two groups. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the gut microbes in the two groups were distinct. Linear discriminant analysis effect size determined that the shy group contained a more significant proportion of Rikenellaceae and Clostridia. In contrast, the positive group had a higher proportion of Verrucomicrobiota, Verrucomicrobiae, and Akkermansiaceae. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis revealed that biodegradation and metabolism, including lipid metabolism and glycan biosynthesis, were higher in the positive group; on the contrary, nucleotide metabolism and enzyme families were significantly higher in the shy group. The results showed that positive lizards had more beneficial intestinal microflora for lipid and glucose metabolism to satisfy their high metabolic energy demand, whereas shy lizards had more beneficial intestinal microflora for maintaining an elevated fasting blood glucose, a long life span, and a more stable metabolism to sustain their slow pace of life. In this study, we validate a strong relationship between the individual’s pace-of-life traits and intestinal microbiota in P. vlangalii. Further, we demonstrate that gut microorganisms are essential in sustaining the energy-intensive personality traits at high altitudes.</p

Table_2_Beneficial role of gut microbes in maintenance of pace-of-life traits in Phrynocephalus vlangalii.docx

The pace-of-life syndrome theory suggests that species, populations, and individuals are positioned along a slow–fast pace-of-life continuum. However, whether and how individuals maintain a fast pace of life in a slow pace of life population remains unknown. In this study, the boldness and foraging behavior of Phrynocephalus vlangalii from Maduo (4250 m above sea level), a typical slow-paced population, were screened frequently. Both behaviors of P. vlangalii were significantly recurrent and linked with one another. Based on boldness and foraging behavior, the lizards were divided into positive and shy groups, and their gut microbial diversity were studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. No significant difference in α diversity was observed; however, a significant difference existed in the β diversity of gut microbes between the two groups. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the gut microbes in the two groups were distinct. Linear discriminant analysis effect size determined that the shy group contained a more significant proportion of Rikenellaceae and Clostridia. In contrast, the positive group had a higher proportion of Verrucomicrobiota, Verrucomicrobiae, and Akkermansiaceae. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis revealed that biodegradation and metabolism, including lipid metabolism and glycan biosynthesis, were higher in the positive group; on the contrary, nucleotide metabolism and enzyme families were significantly higher in the shy group. The results showed that positive lizards had more beneficial intestinal microflora for lipid and glucose metabolism to satisfy their high metabolic energy demand, whereas shy lizards had more beneficial intestinal microflora for maintaining an elevated fasting blood glucose, a long life span, and a more stable metabolism to sustain their slow pace of life. In this study, we validate a strong relationship between the individual’s pace-of-life traits and intestinal microbiota in P. vlangalii. Further, we demonstrate that gut microorganisms are essential in sustaining the energy-intensive personality traits at high altitudes.</p

Table_4_Beneficial role of gut microbes in maintenance of pace-of-life traits in Phrynocephalus vlangalii.docx

The pace-of-life syndrome theory suggests that species, populations, and individuals are positioned along a slow–fast pace-of-life continuum. However, whether and how individuals maintain a fast pace of life in a slow pace of life population remains unknown. In this study, the boldness and foraging behavior of Phrynocephalus vlangalii from Maduo (4250 m above sea level), a typical slow-paced population, were screened frequently. Both behaviors of P. vlangalii were significantly recurrent and linked with one another. Based on boldness and foraging behavior, the lizards were divided into positive and shy groups, and their gut microbial diversity were studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. No significant difference in α diversity was observed; however, a significant difference existed in the β diversity of gut microbes between the two groups. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the gut microbes in the two groups were distinct. Linear discriminant analysis effect size determined that the shy group contained a more significant proportion of Rikenellaceae and Clostridia. In contrast, the positive group had a higher proportion of Verrucomicrobiota, Verrucomicrobiae, and Akkermansiaceae. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis revealed that biodegradation and metabolism, including lipid metabolism and glycan biosynthesis, were higher in the positive group; on the contrary, nucleotide metabolism and enzyme families were significantly higher in the shy group. The results showed that positive lizards had more beneficial intestinal microflora for lipid and glucose metabolism to satisfy their high metabolic energy demand, whereas shy lizards had more beneficial intestinal microflora for maintaining an elevated fasting blood glucose, a long life span, and a more stable metabolism to sustain their slow pace of life. In this study, we validate a strong relationship between the individual’s pace-of-life traits and intestinal microbiota in P. vlangalii. Further, we demonstrate that gut microorganisms are essential in sustaining the energy-intensive personality traits at high altitudes.</p

Image_2_Beneficial role of gut microbes in maintenance of pace-of-life traits in Phrynocephalus vlangalii.tiff

The pace-of-life syndrome theory suggests that species, populations, and individuals are positioned along a slow–fast pace-of-life continuum. However, whether and how individuals maintain a fast pace of life in a slow pace of life population remains unknown. In this study, the boldness and foraging behavior of Phrynocephalus vlangalii from Maduo (4250 m above sea level), a typical slow-paced population, were screened frequently. Both behaviors of P. vlangalii were significantly recurrent and linked with one another. Based on boldness and foraging behavior, the lizards were divided into positive and shy groups, and their gut microbial diversity were studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. No significant difference in α diversity was observed; however, a significant difference existed in the β diversity of gut microbes between the two groups. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the gut microbes in the two groups were distinct. Linear discriminant analysis effect size determined that the shy group contained a more significant proportion of Rikenellaceae and Clostridia. In contrast, the positive group had a higher proportion of Verrucomicrobiota, Verrucomicrobiae, and Akkermansiaceae. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis revealed that biodegradation and metabolism, including lipid metabolism and glycan biosynthesis, were higher in the positive group; on the contrary, nucleotide metabolism and enzyme families were significantly higher in the shy group. The results showed that positive lizards had more beneficial intestinal microflora for lipid and glucose metabolism to satisfy their high metabolic energy demand, whereas shy lizards had more beneficial intestinal microflora for maintaining an elevated fasting blood glucose, a long life span, and a more stable metabolism to sustain their slow pace of life. In this study, we validate a strong relationship between the individual’s pace-of-life traits and intestinal microbiota in P. vlangalii. Further, we demonstrate that gut microorganisms are essential in sustaining the energy-intensive personality traits at high altitudes.</p

Using Bioluminescence Turn-On To Detect Cysteine in Vitro and in Vivo

Cysteine (Cys) is an essential amino acid and plays important roles in many biological processes. Bioluminescence (BL) is advantageous in sensitivity but BL probes that were intentionally developed for the selective detection of Cys were rarely reported. Herein, employing a fast conjugate addition between Cys and acrylic ester, we synthesized a caged BL probe acrylic ester luciferin (<b>1</b>) and used it to selectively detect Cys <i>in vitro</i> and image Cys in living cells and in tumor sites. We envision that, in the future, probe <b>1</b> might be used for evaluating the Cys roles in more biological processes

MOESM1 of LesR is a novel upstream regulator that controls downstream Clp expression to modulate antibiotic HSAF biosynthesis and cell aggregation in Lysobacter enzymogenes OH11

Additional file 1. Table S1. Primers used in this study. Table S2. Genes controlled by LesR in Lysobacter enzymogenes. Figure S1. LeDSF signaling did not control the Clp protein level

Comment refonder une cité coloniale ? Représentation discursive du temps et régime d'historicité.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Confirmation of single mutation by PCR in this study. Table S2. Validation of double or triple mutation by PCR in this study. Figure S1. Lsp proteins contributed to the growth pattern of Lysobacter enzymogenes. Figure S2. Genomic organization of three Lsp-coding genes in Lysobacter enzymogenes