Initiation of an early mobilisation programme in intensive care units—A preliminary report

The Tropical Agriculturalist series Livestock product/on systems examines how individual species of domestic livestock can be integrated into the whole concept of sustainable agriculture in the tropics. The main part of the book is devoted to a series of case studies covering most, if not all, of the systems of livestock husbandry used in the tropics. The reasons why these systems have been developed are outlined, their limitations highlighted and the ways in which they could be improved are discussed. This part of the book is a useful short reference work presenting the main features of the extremely varied livestock production systems found across the tropics. Readers of the book will obtain a good insight into how livestock and crop husbandry can be linked in the wetter regions of the tropics to improve the use of resources. In the dry regions of the tropics, where crop husbandry is not an option, animal husbandry is the best way of utilizing these regions for the benefit of people. The book shows how livestock are essential for the development of ecologically sound systems of food production. All types of livestock are covered including buffalo, camels and poultry. Livestock production systems by Trevor Wilson 1995 141pp ISBN 0 333 60012 6 Animal health volume/explains the causes of animal diseases, how they are spread and the means available for their control. It covers not only diseases caused by micro-organisms, arthropods and helminths, but also deals with metabolic diseases and those caused by toxins. The signs of health and the symptoms to look for when an animal is suspected of being diseased are clearly presented using simple diagnostic keys. Tables are included to assist in diagnosis of diseases in the major farm animals found in the tropics. The book concludes by dealing with general veterinary procedures, including the administration of medicines. The book is a valuable guide for anyone involved with maintaining and establishing the health of animals in tropical and subtropical countries. It should be read in conjunction with volume 2 (which appeared earlier) and those volumes in the series which deal with individual animal species. Animal health volume l: general principles by Archie Hunter 1996 167pp ISBN 0 333 61202 7 Avocado is a succinct guide to the cultivation and marketing of a fruit of growing commercial importance throughout the world. It covers the plant's origins and distribution, botany, and selection and breeding. as well as providing more detailed guidance on the field operations needed to grow this sensitive crop successfully. Land preparation, the choice of cultivars and rootstocks, grafting techniques, irrigation requirements, and major pests and diseases are some of the topics covered. Lastly, the book turns to harvesting and processing considerations, with special emphasis on the requirements for export. A wealth of photographs, line drawings, tables and charts support the text, which is based on the authors' 20 years of experience as well as extensive reference to the global literature. Avocado by J P Gaillard and d Godefroy 1995 120pp ISBN 0 333 57468 0 The above titles are part of the Macmillan The Tropical Agriculturalist series which is published in association with, and are available from, CTA.The Tropical Agriculturalist seriesLivestock product/on systems examines how individual species of domestic livestock can be integrated into the whole concept of sustainable agriculture in the tropics. The main part of the book is devoted to a..

Precipitation and latent heating distributions from satellite passive microwave radiometry. Part I: improved method and uncertainties

A revised Bayesian algorithm for estimating surface rain rate, convective rain proportion, and latent heating profiles from satellite-borne passive microwave radiometer observations over ocean backgrounds is described. The algorithm searches a large database of cloud-radiative model simulations to find cloud profiles that are radiatively consistent with a given set of microwave radiance measurements. The properties of these radiatively consistent profiles are then composited to obtain best estimates of the observed properties. The revised algorithm is supported by an expanded and more physically consistent database of cloud-radiative model simulations. The algorithm also features a better quantification of the convective and nonconvective contributions to total rainfall, a new geographic database, and an improved representation of background radiances in rain-free regions. Bias and random error estimates are derived from applications of the algorithm to synthetic radiance data, based upon a subset of cloud-resolving model simulations, and from the Bayesian formulation itself. Synthetic rain-rate and latent heating estimates exhibit a trend of high (low) bias for low (high) retrieved values. The Bayesian estimates of random error are propagated to represent errors at coarser time and space resolutions, based upon applications of the algorithm to TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) data. Errors in TMI instantaneous rain-rate estimates at 0.5°-resolution range from approximately 50% at 1 mm h−1 to 20% at 14 mm h−1. Errors in collocated spaceborne radar rain-rate estimates are roughly 50%–80% of the TMI errors at this resolution. The estimated algorithm random error in TMI rain rates at monthly, 2.5° resolution is relatively small (less than 6% at 5 mm day−1) in comparison with the random error resulting from infrequent satellite temporal sampling (8%–35% at the same rain rate). Percentage errors resulting from sampling decrease with increasing rain rate, and sampling errors in latent heating rates follow the same trend. Averaging over 3 months reduces sampling errors in rain rates to 6%–15% at 5 mm day−1, with proportionate reductions in latent heating sampling errors

The Unique Source Mechanism of an Explosively Induced Mine Collapse

Mining explosions and collapses, in addition to earthquakes, may trigger the future Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) monitoring system. Most naturally occurring mine collapses have source mechanisms similar to a closing void which might provide a physical basis to discriminate them from explosions. In this study, an explosively induced mine collapse is investigated. The collapse occurred immediately after the support pillars of an underground mine opening were destroyed by explosives. We estimated the time-dependent source moment tensor of the collapse by inverting the surface ground motion data ({lt}1200 m). The results indicate that the source mechanism of the collapse can be represented by a horizontal crack. A unique source characteristic of the induced collapse is that, unlike natural collapses, the induced collapse initiated as a tensile crack. Because of the initial expansion source mechanism, induced mine collapses may pose some difficulties to the seismic discrimination problem. On the other hand, the collapse has a more band limited source spectrum than a typical underground explosion

On (non-Hermitian) Lagrangeans in (particle) physics and their dynamical generation

On the basis of a new method to derive the effective action the nonperturbative concept of "dynamical generation" is explained. A non-trivial, non-Hermitian and PT-symmetric solution for Wightman's scalar field theory in four dimensions is dynamically generated, rehabilitating Symanzik's precarious phi**4-theory with a negative quartic coupling constant as a candidate for an asymptotically free theory of strong interactions. Finally it is shown making use of dynamically generation that a Symanzik-like field theory with scalar confinement for the theory of strong interactions can be even suggested by experiment.Comment: 12 pages, no figures, accepted for publication in Czech.J.Phys., revised with respect to obvious typo

Final State Rescattering and Color-suppressed \bar B^0-> D^{(*)0} h^0 Decays

The color-suppressed \bar B^0-> D^{(*)0}\pi^0, D^{(*)0}\eta, D^0\omega decay modes have just been observed for the first time. The rates are all larger than expected, hinting at the presence of final state interactions. Considering \bar B^0-> D^{(*)0}\pi^0 mode alone, an elastic D^{(*)}\pi -> D^{(*)}\pi rescattering phase difference \delta \equiv \delta_{1/2} - \delta_{3/2} \sim 30^\circ would suffice, but the \bar B^0-> D^{(*)0}\eta, D^0\omega modes compel one to extend the elastic formalism to SU(3) symmetry. We find that a universal a_2/a_1=0.25 and two strong phase differences 20^\circ \sim \theta < \delta < \delta^\prime \sim 50^\circ can describe both DP and D^*P modes rather well; the large phase of order 50^\circ is needed to account for the strength of {\it both} the D^{(*)0}\pi^0 and D^{(*)0}\eta modes. For DV modes, the nonet symmetry reduces the number of physical phases to just one, giving better predictive power. Two solutions are found. We predict the rates of the \bar B^0-> D^{+}_s K^-, D^{*+}_s K^-, D^0\rho^0, D^+_s K^{*-} and D^0\phi modes, as well as \bar B^0-> D^{0}\bar K^0, D^{*0}\bar K^0, D^{0}\bar K^{*0} modes. The formalism may have implications for rates and CP asymmetries of charmless modes.Comment: REVTeX4, 18 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

B -> J/psi K^* Decays in QCD Factorization

The hadronic decay B -> J K^* is analyzed within the framework of QCD factorization. The spin amplitudes A_0, A_\parallel and A_\perp in the transversity basis and their relative phases are studied using various different form-factor models for B-K^* transition. The effective parameters a_2^h for helicity h=0,+,- states receive different nonfactorizable contributions and hence they are helicity dependent, contrary to naive factorization where a_2^h are universal and polarization independent. QCD factorization breaks down even at the twist-2 level for transverse hard spectator interactions. Although a nontrivial strong phase for the A_\parallel amplitude can be achieved by adjusting the phase of an infrared divergent contribution, the present QCD factorization calculation cannot say anything definite about the phase phi_\parallel. Unlike B -> J/psi K decays, the longitudinal parameter a_2^0 for B -> J/psi K^* does not receive twist-3 corrections and is not large enough to account for the observed branching ratio and the fraction of longitudinal polarization. Possible enhancement mechanisms for a_2^0 are discussed.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure, a table and a reference added, some typos correcte

The Vacuum System of HIRFL

AbstractThe vacuum system of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) is a large and complex system. HIRFL consists of two ECR ion sources, a sector focus cyclotron (SFC), a separate sector cyclotron (SSC) and a multi-purpose cooling storage ring system which has a main ring (CSRm) and an experiment ring (CSRe). Several beam lines connect these accelerators together and transfer various heavy ion beams to more than 10 experiment terminals. According to the requirements of the ion acceleration and ion lifetime, the working pressure in each accelerator is different. SFC is nearly 50 years old. After upgrade, the working pressure in SFC is improved from 10-6mbar to 10-8mbar. The pressure in SSC which was built in the 1980s reaches the same level. The cooling storage ring system with a length of 500m came into operation in 2007. The average pressures in CSRm and CSRe are 5×10-12mbar and 8×10-12mbar respectively. Different designs were adopt for vacuum system of a dozen beam lines to meet specific requirement of each experiment terminal. Along with the extensive development of the heavy ion researches and applications, new accelerators of HIRFL are under construction. The vacuum system of the new machines will be designed and constructed followed the overall schedule