S1-S30 Figs are included in the file.

(ZIP)</p

Schematic representation of multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis.

Schematic representation of multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis.</p

Two-Stage Monaural Source Separation in Reverberant Room Environments using Deep Neural Networks

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been used for dereverberation and separation in the monaural source separation problem. However, the performance of current state-of-the-art methods is limited, particularly when applied in highly reverberant room environments. In this paper, we propose a two-stage approach with two DNN-based methods to address this problem. In the first stage, the dereverberation of the speech mixture is achieved with the proposed dereverberation mask (DM). In the second stage, the dereverberant speech mixture is separated with the ideal ratio mask (IRM). To realize this two-stage approach, in the first DNN-based method, the DM is integrated with the IRM to generate the enhanced time-frequency (T-F) mask, namely the ideal enhanced mask (IEM), as the training target for the single DNN. In the second DNN-based method, the DM and the IRM are predicted with two individual DNNs. The IEEE and the TIMIT corpora with real room impulse responses and noise from the NOISEX dataset are used to generate speech mixtures for evaluations. The proposed methods outperform the state-of-the-art specifically in highly reverberant room environments

Various echogenicity in hamster liver tissue demonstrates that WS070117 prevents fat accumulation in the liver.

<p>(A) Images of pericholecystic space; (B) Images of liver edge.</p