PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, LIKUIDITAS, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN BUMN YANG TERMASUK DALAM IICG DENGAN STRUKTUR MODAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Good Corporate Governance, likuiditas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap profitabilitas, dimediasi oleh struktur modal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan BUMN yang termasuk dalam IICG. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 13 perusahaan. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dan teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Struktur Equation Model dengan alat uji software SmartPLS. Hasil dalam penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Good Corporate Governance, likuiditas dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap struktur modal. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa struktur modal memediasi secara penuh pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap profitabilitas, namun memediasi parsial pengaruh likuiditas terhadap profitabilitas

The scheme of paradigm and stimuli used in the present study.

<p>Two Structure-From-Motion stimuli were used in the present study, sphere and cylinder. The SFM stimuli displayed as the prime stimuli were unambiguous and only with dots from the projection of the surfaces (cylinder or sphere), while the SFM stimuli displayed as the target stimuli were ambiguous and with a high percentage of noise dots. There are three priming conditions used in the present study, congruent (when the prime and target SFM stimuli defined same object), incongruent (when the prime and target SFM defined different object), and control (when the prime stimuli were random dots). For prime stimuli, the dots in the front were larger (3:1) and brighter (4:1) than the dots in the back. For the target stimuli, all dots had the same size and luminance as the dots in the back of prime stimuli. It might be worth to note that during the experiment, there was no drawing of objects as shown here (for illustration purpose).</p

Experiment 2A.

<p>Mean accuracy of the shape judgment about the target SFM stimuli from eleven participants in the Experiment 2A. The data for the control condition was only recorded when ISI was two thousand milliseconds. Again, perceptual priming was found as indicated by the highest accuracy under congruent condition, and such priming effect became smaller with longer ISI (ISI = 4000 milliseconds), but still significant. Error bars show standard error of mean (SEM).</p

Experiment 2B.

<p>Mean accuracy of the shape judgment about the target SFM stimuli from nine participants in the Experiment 2B. This data not only found the priming effect again, but also show such priming effect started to decay after two seconds, and such decay was small and smooth. Error bars show standard error of mean (SEM).</p

Experiment 1.

<p>Mean accuracy of the shape judgment about the target SFM stimuli from fourteen participants in Experiment 1. The data showed that participants could perceive the object of the target Structure-From-Motion (SFM) stimuli more accurately under congruent condition than the other two conditions (control and incongruent), while ISI did not affect their performance significantly. Thus, the shape perception of SFM stimulus can be primed by previous exposure to a SFM that defined the same shape. Error bars show standard error of mean (SEM).</p

Experiment 3A and 3B.

<p>Mean accuracy of the shape judgment about the target SFM stimuli from nine participants in the Experiment 3A and 3B. The data indicated that when preceded by a static shape or a semantic word, there was no priming effect with a prime defining the same shape, but a prime defining the opposite shape had a strong negative impact on the accuracy, suggesting a strong response-bias due to a top-down modulation. Error bars show standard error of mean (SEM).</p

Microsolvated Model for the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Glycosidic Bond Dissociative Cleavage of Nucleoside D4G

Using the microsolvated model that involves explicit water molecules and implicit solvent in the optimization, two proposed dissociative hydrolysis mechanisms of 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxyguanosine (d4G) have been first investigated by means of M06-2X­(CPCM, water)/6-31++G­(d,p) method. The glycosidic bond dissociation for the generation of the oxacarbenium ion intermediate is the rate-determining step (RDS). The subsequent nucleophilic water attack from different side of the oxacarbenium ion intermediate gives either the α-product [(2<i>S</i>,5<i>S</i>)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-ol] or β-product [(2<i>R</i>,5<i>S</i>)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-ol] and is thus referred to as α-path (inversion) and β-path (retention). Two to five explicit water molecules (<i>n</i> = 2–5) are considered in the microsolvated model, and <i>n</i> = 3 or 4 is the smallest model capable of minimizing the activation energy for α-path and β-path, respectively. Our theoretical results suggest that α-path (<i>n</i> = 3) is more kinetically favorable with lower free energy barrier (RDS) of 27.7 kcal mol^–1, in contrast to that of 30.7 kcal mol^–1 for the β-path (<i>n</i> = 4). The kinetic preference of the α-path is rationalized by NBO analysis. Whereas thte β-path is more thermodynamically favorable over the α-path, where the formation of β-product and α-product are exergonic and endergonic, respectively, providing theoretical support for the experimental observation that the β-cleavage product was the major one after sufficient reaction time. Comparisons of d4G with analogous cyclo-d4G and dG from kinetic free energy barriers and thermodynamic heterolytic dissociation energies were also carried out. Our kinetic and thermodynamic results manifest that the order of glycosidic bond stability should be d4G < cyclo-d4G < dG, which agrees well with the reported experimental stability order of d4G compounds and analogues and gives further understanding on the influence of 6-cyclopropylamino and unsaturated ribose to the glycosidic bond instability of d4G

Rational Design of Methodology-Independent Metal Parameters Using a Nonbonded Dummy Model

A nonbonded dummy model for metal ions is highly imperative for the computation of complex biological systems with for instance multiple metal centers. Here we present nonbonded dummy parameters of 11 divalent metallic cations, namely, Mg²⁺, V²⁺, Cr²⁺, Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Sn²⁺, and Hg²⁺, that are optimized to be compatible with three widely used water models (TIP3P, SPC/E, and TIP4P-EW). The three sets of metal parameters reproduce simultaneously the solvation free energies (Δ<i>G</i>_sol), the ion–oxygen distance in the first solvation shell (IOD), and coordination numbers (CN) in explicit water with a relative error less than 1%. The main sources of errors to Δ<i>G</i>_sol that arise from the boundary conditions and treatment of electrostatic interactions are corrected rationally, which ensures the independence of the proposed parameters on the methodology used in the calculation. This work will be of great value for the computational study of metal-containing biological systems

Table_1_Using process features to investigate scientific problem-solving in large-scale assessments.DOC

IntroductionThis study investigates the process data from scientific inquiry tasks of fair tests [requiring test-takers to manipulate a target variable while keeping other(s) constant] and exhaustive tests (requiring test-takers to construct all combinations of given variables) in the National Assessment of Educational Progress program.MethodsWe identify significant associations between item scores and temporal features of preparation time, execution time, and mean execution time.ResultsReflecting, respectively, durations of action planning and execution, and execution efficiency, these process features quantitatively differentiate the high- and low-performing students: in the fair tests, high-performing students tended to exhibit shorter execution time than low-performing ones, but in the exhaustive tests, they showed longer execution time; and in both types of tests, high-performing students had shorter mean execution time than low-performing ones.DiscussionThis study enriches process features reflecting scientific problem-solving process and competence and sheds important light on how to improve performance in large-scale, online delivered scientific inquiry tasks.</p

Data_Sheet_2_Lactobacillus plantarum surface-displayed FomA (Fusobacterium nucleatum) protein generally stimulates protective immune responses in mice.pdf

A significant correlation is observed between Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and the evolution of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Particularly, FomA, a critical pathogenic element of F. nucleatum, inflicts substantial detriment to human intestinal health. Our research focused on the development of recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum that expresses FomA protein, demonstrating its potential in protecting mice from severe IBD induced by F. nucleatum. To commence, two recombinant strains, namely L. plantarum NC8-pSIP409-pgsA'-FomA and NC8-pSIP409-FnBPA-pgsA'-FomA, were successfully developed. Validation of the results was achieved through flow cytometry, ELISA, and MTT assays. It was observed that recombinant L. plantarum instigated mouse-specific humoral immunity and elicited mucosal and T cell-mediated immune responses. Significantly, it amplified the immune reaction of B cells and CD4+T cells, facilitated the secretion of cytokines such as IgA, IL4, and IL10, and induced lymphocyte proliferation in response to FomA protein stimulation. Finally, we discovered that administering recombinant L. plantarum could protect mice from severe IBD triggered by F. nucleatum, subsequently reducing pathological alterations and inflammatory responses. These empirical findings further the study of an innovative oral recombinant Lactobacillus vaccine.</p