Application of Hyperbolic Paraboloid in Architectural Design

Hyperbolic paraboloid is a kind of ruled space surface with beautiful shape. It is often used in architectural design and can achieve a free and flexible appearance effect. Due to the complexity of curved surfaces, many architects do not know how to navigate them. The main purpose of this article is to explore how to use hyperbolic paraboloids in architectural design. Firstly, the formation principle of hyperbolic paraboloid is analyzed from a mathematical perspective. Then, through investigating examples, it expounds its application in architectural design. Hyperbolic paraboloids are mainly used in building roofs, especially in large span buildings. There are three uses of hyperbolic paraboloids in roofs, corresponding to three different architectural shapes.The first is to cut a hyperbolic paraboloid vertically with four planes, and the contour projection is a rectangle or parallelogram. The second is to cut the hyperbolic paraboloid vertically and horizontally with four planes, and the contour projection is a curved quadrilateral. The third is to cut hyperbolic paraboloid with elliptic surface, and the contour projection is an ellipse. Finally, the conclusion is drawn on how to flexibly use hyperbolic paraboloids in architectural design, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of hyperbolic paraboloids, which has important reference value for architects to carry out related designs

Comparison of saturation rules used for gyrokinetic quasilinear transport modeling

Theory-based transport modeling has been widely successful and is built on the foundations of quasilinear theory. Specifically, the quasilinear expression of the flux can be used in combination with a saturation rule for the toroidal mode amplitude. Most transport models follow this approach. Saturation rules are heuristic and difficult to rigorously derive. We compare three common saturation rules using a fairly accurate quasilinear expression for the fluxes computed using local linear gyrokinetic simulation. We take plasma parameters from experimental H-mode profiles and magnetic equilibrium and include electrons, Deuterium, and Carbon species. We find that the various saturation rules give qualitatively similar behavior. This may help explain why the different theory-based transport models can all predict core tokamak profiles reasonably well. Comparisons with nonlinear local and global gyrokinetic simulations are also discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure

X-ray attenuation models to account for beam hardening in computed tomography

We introduce a beam-hardening correction method for lab-based X-ray computed tomography (CT) by modifying existing iterative tomographic reconstruction algorithms. Our method simplifies the standard Alvarez-Macovski X-ray attenuation model [Phys. Med. Biol. 21, 733 (1976)] and is compatible with conventional (i.e., singlespectrum) CT scans. The sole modification involves a polychromatic projection operation, which is equivalent to applying a weighting that more closely matches the attenuation of polychromatic X-rays. Practicality is a priority, so we only require information about the X-ray spectrum and some constants relating to material properties. No other changes to the experimental setup or the iterative algorithms are necessary. Using reconstructions of simulations and several large experimental datasets, we show that this method is able to remove or reduce cupping, streaking, and other artefacts from X-ray beam hardening and improve the self-consistency of projected attenuation in CT. When the assumptions made in the simplifications are valid, the reconstructed tomogram can even be quantitative.Australian Research Council (LP150101040); partner company FEI (now Thermo-Fisher) through Linkage (Project LP150101040)

Better PROMs and higher return-to-sport rate after modular bicompartmental knee arthroplasty than after total knee arthroplasty for medial and patellofemoral compartment osteoarthritis

BackgroundTheoretical advantages of bicompartmental knee arthroplasty (BKA) over total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for bicompartmental (medial combined with patellofemoral) osteoarthritis (OA) are still unclear. This study aimed to compare patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and return-to-sport (RTS) rate between modular BKA and TKA in early follow-up.MethodsTwenty-five consecutive modular BKA cases with a minimum 2-year follow-up were matched with 50 TKA cases at 1:2 ratio. Demographic data and preoperative functional scores, including the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Knee Society Scores (KSSs), were analyzed to ensure comparability. Postoperative WOMAC score, KSS, range of motion (ROM), Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12), and RTS rates were compared. Operative time and blood loss were also analyzed.ResultsSignificant differences in the WOMAC-function (median 97.1 vs. 89.7, p < 0.001) and KSS-function (median 90.0 vs. 80.0, p = 0.003) scores were identified between the BKA and TKA groups. ROM was significantly greater in the BKA group than in the TKA group (median 125.0° vs. 120.0°, p = 0.004), in addition to the FJS-12 (median 89.6 vs. 53.1, p < 0.001). The overall RTS rate was significantly higher in the BKA group than in the TKA group (71.6% vs. 56.5%, p = 0.039). Operative time was significantly longer in the BKA group than in the TKA group (median 105.0 vs. 67.5 min, p < 0.001), but blood loss was similar (median 557.6 vs. 450.7 ml, p = 0.334).ConclusionModular BKA demonstrated better functional recovery, better joint perception, and higher RTS rate than TKA; thus, modular BKA can be a good alternative for bicompartmental OA

Chinese Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery Society and Chinese Interventional & Hybrid Operation Society, of Chinese Stroke Association Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in Eloquent Areas

Aim: The aim of this guideline is to present current and comprehensive recommendations for the management of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) located in eloquent areas.Methods: An extended literature search on MEDLINE was performed between Jan 1970 and May 2020. Eloquence-related literature was further screened and interpreted in different subcategories of this guideline. The writing group discussed narrative text and recommendations through group meetings and online video conferences. Recommendations followed the Applying Classification of Recommendations and Level of Evidence proposed by the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Prerelease review of the draft guideline was performed by four expert peer reviewers and by the members of Chinese Stroke Association.Results: In total, 809 out of 2,493 publications were identified to be related to eloquent structure or neurological functions of bAVMs. Three-hundred and forty-one publications were comprehensively interpreted and cited by this guideline. Evidence-based guidelines were presented for the clinical evaluation and treatment of bAVMs with eloquence involved. Topics focused on neuroanatomy of activated eloquent structure, functional neuroimaging, neurological assessment, indication, and recommendations of different therapeutic managements. Fifty-nine recommendations were summarized, including 20 in Class I, 30 in Class IIa, 9 in Class IIb, and 2 in Class III.Conclusions: The management of eloquent bAVMs remains challenging. With the evolutionary understanding of eloquent areas, the guideline highlights the assessment of eloquent bAVMs, and a strategy for decision-making in the management of eloquent bAVMs

Application of Hyperbolic Paraboloid in Architectural Design

Hyperbolic paraboloid is a kind of ruled space surface with beautiful shape. It is often used in architectural design and can achieve a free and flexible appearance effect. Due to the complexity of curved surfaces, many architects do not know how to navigate them. The main purpose of this article is to explore how to use hyperbolic paraboloids in architectural design. Firstly, the formation principle of hyperbolic paraboloid is analyzed from a mathematical perspective. Then, through investigating examples, it expounds its application in architectural design. Hyperbolic paraboloids are mainly used in building roofs, especially in large span buildings. There are three uses of hyperbolic paraboloids in roofs, corresponding to three different architectural shapes.The first is to cut a hyperbolic paraboloid vertically with four planes, and the contour projection is a rectangle or parallelogram. The second is to cut the hyperbolic paraboloid vertically and horizontally with four planes, and the contour projection is a curved quadrilateral. The third is to cut hyperbolic paraboloid with elliptic surface, and the contour projection is an ellipse. Finally, the conclusion is drawn on how to flexibly use hyperbolic paraboloids in architectural design, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of hyperbolic paraboloids, which has important reference value for architects to carry out related designs

A high-resolution remote sensing image building extraction method based on deep learning

Traditional building extraction from very high resolution remote sensing optical imagery is limited by low precision and incomplete boundary. In this paper, a high-resolution remote sensing image building extraction method based on deep learning is proposed. Firstly, Principal Component Analysis is used to pre-train network structure in an unsupervised way and obtain the characteristics of remote sensing image. Secondly, an adaptive pooling model is proposed to reduce the feature information loss in the pooling process. The texture features are extracted by non-subsampled contour wave transformation and introduced to the network to improve the building extraction. Finally, the obtained image features are inputted into the softmax classifier for classification and building extraction results. A typical experiment areas selected. The comparison with typical building extraction method, the experimental results shows that the proposed method can extract the buildings with higher accuracy, especially the clearer and more complete boundary

Molecular and Cytogenetic Identification of Wheat-<i>Thinopyrum intermedium</i> Double Substitution Line-Derived Progenies for Stripe Rust Resistance

Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42, JJJSJSStSt) has been hybridized extensively with common wheat and proven to be a valuable germplasm source for improving disease resistance and yield potential of wheat. A novel disease-resistant wheat-Th. intermedium double substitution line X479, carrying 1St(1B) and 4St-4JS (4B), was identified using multi-color non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH). With the aim of transferring Thinopyrum-specific chromatin to wheat, a total of 573 plants from F2 and F3 progenies of X479 crossed with wheat cultivar MY11 were developed and characterized using sequential ND-FISH with multiple probes. Fifteen types of wheat-Thinopyrum translocation chromosomes were preferentially transmitted in the progenies, and the homozygous wheat-1St, and wheat-4JSL translocation lines were identified using ND-FISH, Oligo-FISH painting and CENH3 immunostaining. The wheat-4JSL translocation lines exhibited high levels of resistance to stripe rust prevalent races in field screening. The gene for stripe rust resistance was found to be physically located on FL0–0.60 of the 4JSL, using deletion lines and specific DNA markers. The new wheat-Th. intermedium translocation lines can be exploited as useful germplasms for wheat improvement

Genome-Wide Distribution of Novel Ta-3A1 Mini-Satellite Repeats and Its Use for Chromosome Identification in Wheat and Related Species

A large proportion of the genomes of grasses is comprised of tandem repeats (TRs), which include satellite DNA. A mini-satellite DNA sequence with a length of 44 bp, named Ta-3A1, was found to be highly accumulated in wheat genome, as revealed by a comprehensive sequence analysis. The physical distribution of Ta-3A1 in chromosomes 3A, 5A, 5B, 5D, and 7A of wheat was confirmed by nondenaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) after labeling the oligonucleotide probe. The analysis of monomer variants indicated that rapid sequence amplification of Ta-3A1 occurred first on chromosomes of linkage group 5, then groups 3 and 7. Comparative ND-FISH analysis suggested that rapid changes occurred in copy number and chromosomal locations of Ta-3A1 among the different species in the tribe Triticeae, which may have been associated with chromosomal rearrangements during speciation and polyploidization. The labeling and subsequent use of Ta-3A1 by ND-FISH may assist in the precise identification and documentation of novel wheat germplasm engineered by chromosome manipulation

Precise identification of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium translocation chromosomes carrying resistance to wheat stripe rust in line Z4 and its derived progenies

2 The wheat- Thinopyrum intermedium derived line Z4 has displayed novel and effective stripe rust resistance for over 40 years. This study aimed to precisely identify the chromosome constitution of Z4 and determine the stripe rust resistance contribution using multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular marker analysis. The results indicated that the Z4 line (2n=44) contained two pairs of non-Robertsonian translocations without the 3A chromosomes of wheat. FISH karyotypes of F3 progenies derived from crosses between Z4 and MY11 indicated that the transmission of the translocated chromosomes appeared normal and the number of wheat chromosomes 3A and 3D frequently varied. The FISH signal distribution of a new repetitive probe named Oligo-3A1 confirmed the physical breakage points on chromosome 3AL incorporated into translocated chromosomes. PLUG markers revealed the breakage points on chromosomes 3A, 7JS and 3D invloved in the translocated chromosomes and they were designated as T3DS-3AS.3AL-7JSS and T3AL-7JSS.7JSL. Stripe rust resistances surveys indicated that the proximal region of 7JSS or 7JSL may confer the resistance at the adult plant stage. The precise characterization of the chromosome complements of wheat-Th. intermedium Z4 and derived progenies has demonstrated the importance of combining cytogenetic and molecular approaches in the genomics era for further wheat genetic manipulation and breeding purposes.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author