Targeted aspect based multimodal sentiment analysis:an attention capsule extraction and multi-head fusion network

Multimodal sentiment analysis has currently identified its significance in a variety of domains. For the purpose of sentiment analysis, different aspects of distinguishing modalities, which correspond to one target, are processed and analyzed. In this work, we propose the targeted aspect-based multimodal sentiment analysis (TABMSA) for the first time. Furthermore, an attention capsule extraction and multi-head fusion network (EF-Net) on the task of TABMSA is devised. The multi-head attention (MHA) based network and the ResNet-152 are employed to deal with texts and images, respectively. The integration of MHA and capsule network aims to capture the interaction among the multimodal inputs. In addition to the targeted aspect, the information from the context and the image is also incorporated for sentiment delivered. We evaluate the proposed model on two manually annotated datasets. the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model for this new task

N6-methyladenosine RNA modification promotes viral genomic RNA stability and infection

Molecular manipulation of susceptibility (S) genes that are antipodes to resistance (R) genes has been adopted as an alternative strategy for controlling crop diseases. Here, we show the S gene encoding Triticum aestivum m(6)A methyltransferase B (TaMTB) is identified by a genome-wide association study and subsequently shown to be a positive regulator for wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) infection. TaMTB is localized in the nucleus, is translocated into the cytoplasmic aggregates by binding to WYMV NIb to upregulate the m(6)A level of WYMV RNA1 and stabilize the viral RNA, thus promoting viral infection. A natural mutant allele TaMTB-SNP176C is found to confer an enhanced susceptibility to WYMV infection through genetic variation analysis on 243 wheat varieties. Our discovery highlights this allele can be a useful target for the molecular wheat breeding in the future

Genomic Analyses Reveal Mutational Signatures and Frequently Altered Genes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the fourth most lethal cancer in China. However, although genomic studies have identified some mutations associated with ESCC, we know little of the mutational processes responsible. To identify genome-wide mutational signatures, we performed either whole-genome sequencing (WGS) or whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 104 ESCC individuals and combined our data with those of 88 previously reported samples. An APOBEC-mediated mutational signature in 47% of 192 tumors suggests that APOBEC-catalyzed deamination provides a source of DNA damage in ESCC. Moreover, PIK3CA hotspot mutations (c.1624G>A [p.Glu542Lys] and c.1633G>A [p.Glu545Lys]) were enriched in APOBEC-signature tumors, and no smoking-associated signature was observed in ESCC. In the samples analyzed by WGS, we identified focal (<100 kb) amplifications of CBX4 and CBX8. In our combined cohort, we identified frequent inactivating mutations in AJUBA, ZNF750, and PTCH1 and the chromatin-remodeling genes CREBBP and BAP1, in addition to known mutations. Functional analyses suggest roles for several genes (CBX4, CBX8, AJUBA, and ZNF750) in ESCC. Notably, high activity of hedgehog signaling and the PI3K pathway in approximately 60% of 104 ESCC tumors indicates that therapies targeting these pathways might be particularly promising strategies for ESCC. Collectively, our data provide comprehensive insights into the mutational signatures of ESCC and identify markers for early diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Gait Phase Classification of Lower Limb Exoskeleton Based on a Compound Network Model

The classification of lower limb gait phase is very important for the control of exoskeleton robots. In order to enable the exoskeleton to determine gait phase and provide appropriate assistance to the wearer, we propose a compound network based on CNN-BiLSTM. The method uses data from inertial measurement units placed on the leg and pressure sensor arrays placed on the sole as inputs to the model. The convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to obtain the local key features of gait data, and then the bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network is used to extract the serialized gait phase information from the local key features to obtain the high-level feature expression. Finally, the seven phases of both feet were obtained through the classification of the softmax layer. We designed a gait acquisition system and collected the gait data from seven subjects at varying walking speeds. In the test set, the highest gait phase classification accuracy can reach 95.09%. We compared the proposed model with the long short-term memory (LSTM) network and gated recurrent unit (GRU) network. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of CNN-BiLSTM network from seven subjects is 0.417% higher than that of the LSTM network and 0.596% higher than that of the GRU network. Therefore, the ability of the CNN-BiLSTM network to classify gait phases can be applied in designing exoskeleton controllers that can better assist for different gait phases correctly to assist the wearer to walk

Exploração operatória e redução de sindesmose em lesão de tornozelo de Weber tipo C Operative exploration and reduction of syndesmosis in Weber type C ankle injury

OBJETIVO: Investigar os métodos cirúrgicos no tratamento de fratura de tornozelo de Weber tipo C e estimar a necessidade de exploração cirúrgica da sindesmose. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e três pacientes que apresentavam fratura de tornozelo de Weber tipo C foram tratados com redução aberta e fixação interna de outubro de 2004 a dezembro de 2009. Vinte e nove pacientes foram tratados com o procedimento de rotina, que envolve redução aberta e fixação interna, exploração de sindesmose. Nos outros pacientes, foram realizados reparos adicionais. Trinta e quatro pacientes foram acompanhados durante um período médio de 31,2 meses (faixa, 18 a 50 meses), 22 pacientes desse total foram tratados com procedimentos de rotina e 12 foram tratados com exploração cirúrgica adicional da sindesmose. RESULTADOS: Todas as fraturas estavam unidas no período médio de 13,1 semanas (faixa, 10 a 18 semanas), tendo início o apoio de peso total. A escala média de tornozelo e retropé do escore da american orthopaedics foot and ankle society foi 79,86 (faixa, 65 a 98) no grupo procedimentos de rotina e 86,67 (faixa, 78 a 100) no grupo exploração da sindesmose. Os valores do escore de Olerud-Molander foram 77,27 (faixa, 55 a 100) e 86,67 (faixa, 75 a 100), respectivamente. Constatou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos (P < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A exploração cirúrgica da sindesmose é essencial em certas fraturas de tornozelo de Weber tipo C, que torna possível o desbridamento e a redução direta da sindesmose, permitindo maior estabilização da articulação do tornozelo. Nível de evidência III, Estudo retrospectivo comparativo.<br>OBJECTIVE: to investigate the surgical methods in treating weber type C ankle injury and estimate the necessity of syndesmosis operative exploration. METHODS: forty three patients presenting weber type C ankle injury were treated with open reduction and internal fixation from october 2004 to december 2009. twenty nine patients were treated with routine procedure involving open reduction and internal fixation, syndesmosis exploration. additional repair was performed in the others. thirty four patients were followed during an average time of 31.2 months (range, 18 to 50 months), 22 patients of those were treated with routine procedures and 12 were treated with additional syndesmosis surgical exploration. RESULTS: all the fractures were united within the average time of 13.1 weeks (range, 10 to 18 weeks) and full weight bearing began. the mean ankle and hindfoot scale of the american orthopaedics foot and ankle society score was 79.86 (range, 65 to 98) in the routine procedures group and 86.67 (range, 78 to 100) in the syndesmosis exploration group. the values of olerud-molander score were 77.27 (range, 55 to 100) and 86.67 (range, 75 to 100), respectively. statistcally significant difference was found between the two groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: syndesmosis surgical exploration is essential in some weber type C ankle injuries, which make debridement and direct reduction of the syndesmosis possible, allowing higher stabilization of the ankle joint. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Comparative Study