TELEX HEBDOMADAIRE NR 95 DU 17.09.82 DESTINE A L'ENSEMBLE DES DELEGATIONS EXTERIEURES ET BUREAUX DE PRESS ET D'INFORMATION INDEPENDANTS DANS LES PAYS TIERS = WEEKLY MEMO NO. 95 FOR 17.09.82 TO FOREIGN DELEGATIONS AND PRESS BUREAUS OF THIRD COUNTRIES

<p>High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results of (A) commercial surfactin sample, and (B) our extract surfactin of <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> HH2 in LB medium. There were three main peaks (Peak A-C) of the extract and the surfactin standard in the same location.</p

Anti-NDV activity of 9-oxo10,11-dehydroageraphorone extracted from <i>Eupatorium adenophorum</i> Spreng <i>in vitro</i>

<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-Newcastle disease virus (NDV) activities of 9-oxo-10,11-dehydroageraphorone (euptox A) from <i>Eupatorium adenophorum</i> Spreng (<i>E. adenophorum</i>) <i>in vitro</i>. NDV infection of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) was performed. Cytotoxicities and antiviral activities of euptox A was assessed by the MTT method. The interaction of NDV with cell membrane protein was detected by virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA). The expression levels of NDV genes in CEFs was tested by RTFQ PCR. The results showed that the maximal safe concentrations of euptox A to CEFs was 10 μg/mL. Euptox A could directly neutralise NDV, inhibit the infectivity of NDV to CEFs and block intracellular NDV treat NDV infection. And euptox A brings competitiveness inhibition for NDV binding to its receptors and then prevent NDV infection. These results indicated that euptox A possessed anti-NDV activity has potential use as components of a natural antiviral drug.</p

Phylogenetic relationship of <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> groups, the relationship between <i>E</i>. <i>bieneusi</i> genotypes identified in this study and other known genotypes deposited in the GenBank was inferred by a neighbor-joining analysis of ITS sequences based on genetic distance by the Kimura-2-parameter model.

<p>The numbers on the branches represent percent bootstrapping values from 1,000 replicates, with more than 50% shown in tree. Each sequence is identified by its accession number, genotype designation, and host origin. The group terminology for the clusters is based on the work of Zhao et al [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163605#pone.0163605.ref028" target="_blank">28</a>]. Genotypes with <i>black circles</i> and <i>open circles</i> are novel and known genotypes identified in this study, respectively.</p

Gene locus, primer sequences, annealing temperatures and fragment length for the identification of <i>E</i>. <i>bieuensi</i> used in this study.

<p>Gene locus, primer sequences, annealing temperatures and fragment length for the identification of <i>E</i>. <i>bieuensi</i> used in this study.</p

Occurrence and genotypes of <i>E</i>. <i>bieneusi</i> in red-bellied tree squirrels from different cities and sources of southwest China.

<p>Occurrence and genotypes of <i>E</i>. <i>bieneusi</i> in red-bellied tree squirrels from different cities and sources of southwest China.</p

<i>E</i>. <i>adenophorum</i>-induced apoptosis is mediated by activation of caspase-9, caspase-3.

<p><b>(A)</b> The protein levels of procaspase-3, -8, -9 and the cleaved form of them. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including caspase-3, -9, -8 were shown with β-actin as a control, were detected by Western-blot analysis.<b>(B)</b><i>E</i>. <i>adenophorum</i> induced apoptosome formation. Protein extractions from renal cells were collected and then used in immunoprecipitation assays against Apaf-1. The level of caspase-9 was detected by western blot to indicate the formation of apoptosome complex. <b>(C)</b> The relative mRNA levels of caspase-3, -8 and -9. The Saanen goat was treated with different dose of <i>E</i>. <i>adenophorum</i> for 3 months and the mRNA of renal cells was extraced and used for qRT-PCR assay. <i>E</i>. <i>adenophorum</i> induced the activiation of caspase-3, -9.<b>(D)</b> Caspase activities in renal cells. BCA assay was used to equal protein amounts and the enzymatic activities of caspases-8, -9, and -3 were measured using the colorimetric assay kits. Data are presented with the means±SD and mean values of three independent experiments. *p<0.05 and **p<0.01, compared with the control group.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Modulating gut microbiota and metabolites with dietary fiber oat β-glucan interventions to improve growth performance and intestinal function in weaned rabbits.PDF

The effect of oat β-glucan on intestinal function and growth performance of weaned rabbits were explored by multi-omics integrative analyses in the present study. New Zealand White rabbits fed oat β-glucan [200 mg/kg body weight (BW)] for 4 weeks, and serum markers, colon histological alterations, colonic microbiome, colonic metabolome, and serum metabolome were measured. The results revealed that oat β-glucan increased BW, average daily gain (ADG), average daily food intake (ADFI), and decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contents, but did not affect colonic microstructure. Microbiota community analysis showed oat β-glucan modulated gut microbial composition and structure, increased the abundances of beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Pediococcus, Bacillus, etc. Oat β-glucan also increased intestinal propionic acid, valeric acid, and butyric acid concentrations, decreased lysine and aromatic amino acid (AAA) derivative contents. Serum metabolite analysis revealed that oat β-glucan altered host carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. These results suggested that oat β-glucan could inhibit systemic inflammation and protect intestinal function by regulating gut microbiota and related metabolites, which further helps to improve growth performance in weaned rabbits.</p

First Report of the Human-Pathogenic <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> from Red-Bellied Tree Squirrels (<i>Callosciurus erythraeus</i>) in Sichuan, China

<div><p><i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> is a common opportunistic pathogen causing diarrhea and enteric disease in a variety of animal hosts. Although it has been reported in many animals, there is no published information available on the occurrence of <i>E</i>. <i>bieneusi</i> in red-bellied tree squirrels. To understand the occurrence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of <i>E</i>. <i>bieneusi</i> in red-bellied tree squirrels, 144 fecal specimens from Sichuan province, China, were examined by PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of <i>E</i>. <i>bieneusi</i>. The overall infection rate of <i>E</i>. <i>bieneusi</i> 16.7% (24/144) was observed in red-bellied tree squirrels. Altogether five genotypes of <i>E</i>. <i>bieneusi</i> were identified: three known genotypes D (n = 18), EbpC (n = 3), SC02 (n = 1) and two novel genotypes CE01, CE02 (one each). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis employing three microsatellite (MS1, MS3, MS7) and one minisatellite (MS4) revealed 16, 14, 7 and 14 positive specimens were successfully sequenced, and identified eight, three, three and two genotypes at four loci, respectively. In phylogenetic analysis, the three known genotypes D, EbpC, and SC02 were clustered into group 1 with zoonotic potential, and the two novel genotypes CE01 and CE02 were clustered into group 6. The present study firstly reported the occurrence of <i>E</i>. <i>bieneusi</i> in red-bellied tree squirrels in China, and the <i>E</i>. <i>bieneusi</i> genotypes D and EbpC were found in humans previously. These results indicate that red-bellied tree squirrels may play a potential role in the transmission of <i>E</i>. <i>bieneusi</i> to humans.</p></div