194 research outputs found
Community, network or both? Towards a holistic approach to studying online social structures
This paper overviews scientific narratives surrounding communities and networks both off- and online and criticizes the dichotomous approach to the topic, according to which each social structure can be classified as either a community or a network. It is argued that such a division does not facilitate comprehension of the contemporary online social structures with their complexity and dynamism. The study provides an alternative view on the issue assuming that community and network are not mutually exclusive concepts and can be studied holistically. The proposed theoretical statement is operationalized and piloted on the example of βAarhus Internationalsβ Facebook group β an online venue for international expats in Denmark. A content analysis of the group`s posts showed how exactly community and network aspects of social structures may coexist and interact online
Improvement of terminological approaches to innovation notion definition Π£Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Β«ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΒ»
The article traces evolution of the innovation notion, generalises different approaches to its definition as a basic notion in the innovation sphere and conducts their critical study and analysis. It reveals specific features of the national content of the innovation term, which is formed at the turn of two different scientific trends, which define innovations both as a process and result respectively, considers and analyses in detail specific features of the national innovation legislation using example of the main innovation regulatory-legal act β the Law of Ukraine βOn Innovation Activityβ β identifies main shortcomings of the legislative terminology and outlines determining directions of their overcoming. The article considers international practice and stable standards of formation of innovation terminology. It also offers the innovation term definition from the point of view of its content, risk factor and transformations, which innovation undergoes on the way to practical introduction.<br>Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Β«ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΒ», ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·. Π Π°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠ° β ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ Β«ΠΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ» β ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Β«ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΒ» Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
A generalized hypothesis test for community structure and homophily in networks
Networks continue to be of great interest to statisticians, with an emphasis
on community detection. Less work, however, has addressed this question: given
some network, does it exhibit meaningful community structure? We propose to
answer this question in a principled manner by framing it as a statistical
hypothesis in terms of a formal and general parameter related to homophily.
Homophily is a well-studied network property where intra-community edges are
more likely than between-community edges. We use the metric to identify and
distinguish between three concepts: nominal, collateral, and intrinsic
homophily. We propose a simple and interpretable test statistic leveraging this
parameter and formulate both asymptotic and bootstrap-based rejection
thresholds. We prove its asymptotic properties and demonstrate it outperforms
benchmark methods on both simulated and real world data. Furthermore, the
proposed method yields rich, provocative insights on four classic data sets;
namely, that meany well-studied networks do not actually have intrinsic
homophily
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