Abstracts from the 20th International Symposium on Signal Transduction at the Blood-Brain Barriers

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138963/1/12987_2017_Article_71.pd

Phytochemical Research of Some Species Stellaria

Проведено сравнительное фитохимическое исследование надземной части звездчатки злаковой (Stellaria graminea L.), звездчатки Бунге (Stellaria bungeana Fenzl.) и звездчатки ланцетолистной (Stellaria holostea L.). Установлены основные группы БАВ, выделены фракции полисахаридного комплекса и гравиметрическим методом определено их количественное содержание. На основании результатов кислотного гидролиза выявлен состав полисахаридного комплекса трех видов звездчаток, в который входят D-глюкоза, D-галактоза, L-арабиноза, D-ксилоза, L-рамноза, D-глюкуроновая и D-галактуроновая кислоты.Comparative phytochemical research of aerial parts of Stellaria graminea, Stellaria bungeana and Stellaria holostea is performed. The basic groups of biologically active substances are established, fractions of the polysaccharide complex are allocated and gravimetrically the method is defined their quantitative content. On the basis of results of acid hydrolysis the composition of the polysaccharide a complex of three species Stellaria, which includes D-glucose, D-galactose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, D-glucuronic and D-galacturonic acid is revealed

Phytochemical Research of Some Species Stellaria

Проведено сравнительное фитохимическое исследование надземной части звездчатки злаковой (Stellaria graminea L.), звездчатки Бунге (Stellaria bungeana Fenzl.) и звездчатки ланцетолистной (Stellaria holostea L.). Установлены основные группы БАВ, выделены фракции полисахаридного комплекса и гравиметрическим методом определено их количественное содержание. На основании результатов кислотного гидролиза выявлен состав полисахаридного комплекса трех видов звездчаток, в который входят D-глюкоза, D-галактоза, L-арабиноза, D-ксилоза, L-рамноза, D-глюкуроновая и D-галактуроновая кислоты.Comparative phytochemical research of aerial parts of Stellaria graminea, Stellaria bungeana and Stellaria holostea is performed. The basic groups of biologically active substances are established, fractions of the polysaccharide complex are allocated and gravimetrically the method is defined their quantitative content. On the basis of results of acid hydrolysis the composition of the polysaccharide a complex of three species Stellaria, which includes D-glucose, D-galactose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, D-glucuronic and D-galacturonic acid is revealed

Rising of intracellular NAD+ level and oppositely directed changes in CD38 expression in hippocampal cells in experimental Alzheimer's disease

The aim of the study was to assess the level of NAD+ in the brain of mice treated with beta-amyloid (Aβ), as well as to determine the activity of ADP-ribosyl cyclase/CD38 and the number of CD38-immunopositive neurons, astrocytes and endothelial cells. Material and methods. The Alzheimer's disease model was reproduced by intrahippocampal administration of Aβ to C57BL/6 mice. Determination of the NAD+ level in the extracellular fluid of the brain and in the hippocampal tissue was carried out by spectrophotometric analysis. Evaluation of the enzymatic activity of ADP-ribosyl cyclase/CD38 was carried out by the fluorimetric method, determination of the number of CD38-immunopositive cells by the immunohistochemistry method. Results and discussion. The level of NAD+ was significantly increased in the hippocampal tissue in mice after administration of Aβ, while the level of extracellular NAD+ did not change. The activity of ADP-ribosyl cyclase/CD38 in the hippocampal tissue did not change, but the number of CD38-immunopositive neurons decreased, and the number of CD38+ endothelial cells increased in the hippocampus of mice after administration of Aβ. Conclusion. Opposite changes in the expression of ADP-ribosyl cyclase / CD38 in neurons and endotheliocytes correspond to different metabolic states of these types of cells and, along with an increased intracellular pool of NAD+ in experimental Alzheimer's disease, reflect an adaptive stress response to Aβ administration

Discovery of α-Linolenic Acid 16(<i>S</i>)-Lipoxygenase: Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) Vegetative Lipoxygenase 3

The GC-MS profiling of the endogenous oxylipins (Me/TMS) from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves, flowers, and fruit peels revealed a remarkable abundance of 16-hydroxy-9,12,14-octadecatrienoic acid (16-HOT). Incubations of homogenates from these organs with α-linolenic acid yielded 16(S)-hydroperoxide (16-HPOT) as a predominant product. Targeted proteomic analyses of these tissues revealed the presence of several highly homologous isoforms of the putative “9S-lipoxygenase type 6”. One of these isoenzymes (CsLOX3, an 877 amino acid polypeptide) was prepared by heterologous expression in E. coli and exhibited 16(S)- and 13(S)-lipoxygenase activity toward α-linolenic and linoleic acids, respectively. Furthermore, α-linolenate was a preferred substrate. The molecular structures of 16(S)-HOT and 16(S)-HPOT (Me or Me/TMS) were unequivocally confirmed by the mass spectral data, 1H-NMR, 2D 1H-1H-COSY, TOCSY, HMBC, and HSQC spectra, as well as enantiomeric HPLC analyses. Thus, the vegetative CsLOX3, biosynthesizing 16(S)-HPOT, is the first 16(S)-LOX and ω3-LOX ever discovered. Eicosapentaenoic and hexadecatrienoic acids were also specifically transformed to the corresponding ω3(S)-hydroperoxides by CsLOX3

Distinct Mechanistic Behaviour of Tomato CYP74C3 and Maize CYP74A19 Allene Oxide Synthases: Insights from Trapping Experiments and Allene Oxide Isolation

The product specificity and mechanistic peculiarities of two allene oxide synthases, tomato LeAOS3 (CYP74C3) and maize ZmAOS (CYP74A19), were studied. Enzymes were vortexed with linoleic acid 9-hydroperoxide in a hexane–water biphasic system (20–60 s, 0 °C). Synthesized allene oxide (9,10-epoxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid; 9,10-EOD) was trapped with ethanol. Incubations with ZmAOS produced predominantly 9,10-EOD, which was converted into an ethanolysis product, (12Z)-9-ethoxy-10-oxo-12-octadecenoic acid. LeAOS3 produced the same trapping product and 9(R)–α–ketol at nearly equimolar yields. Thus, both α–ketol and 9,10-EOD appeared to be kinetically controlled LeAOS3 products. NMR data for 9,10-EOD (Me) preparations revealed that ZmAOS specifically synthesized 10(E)-9,10-EOD, whereas LeAOS3 produced a roughly 4:1 mixture of 10(E) and 10(Z) isomers. The cyclopentenone cis-10-oxo-11-phytoenoic acid (10-oxo-PEA) and the Favorskii-type product yields were appreciable with LeAOS3, but dramatically lower with ZmAOS. The 9,10-EOD (free acid) kept in hexane transformed into macrolactones but did not cyclize. LeAOS3 catalysis is supposed to produce a higher proportion of oxyallyl diradical (a valence tautomer of allene oxide), which is a direct precursor of both cyclopentenone and cyclopropanone. This may explain the substantial yields of cis-10-oxo-PEA and the Favorskii-type product (via cyclopropanone) with LeAOS3. Furthermore, 10(Z)-9,10-EOD may be produced via the reverse formation of allene oxide from oxyallyl diradical

H2S- and NO-signaling pathways in Alzheimer’s amyloid vasculopathy: synergism or antagonism?

Alzheimer’s type of neurodegeneration dramatically affects H2S and NO synthesis and interactions in the brain, which results in deregulated vasomotor function, brain tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia, development of perivascular inflammation, promotion of Aβ deposition, and impairment of neurogenesis/angiogenesis. H2S- and NO-signaling pathways have been described to offer protection against Alzheimer’s amyloid vasculopathy and neurodegeneration. This review describes recent developments of the increasing relevance of H2S and NO in Alzheimer’s disease. More studies are however needed to fully determine their potential use as therapeutic targets in Alzheimer’s and other forms of neurodegeneration

Research of Polysaccharides of Some Species Sphagnum

Количество полисахаридов Sphagnum balticum S. fallax, S. fuscum и S. lenense составляет 9,5-10,7 %, а S. girgensohnii 26,0 % от массы абсолютно сухого сырья. Преобладающей является фракция пектиновых веществ. Она показала высокую как противомикробную, так и сорбционную активность. Состав моносахаров полисахаридного комплекса пяти исследуемых видов имеет незначительные различия.Quantity of polysaccharides Sphagnum balticum S. fallax, S. fuscum and S. lenense makes 9,5-10,7 %, and S. girgensohnii is 26,0 % from weight of absolute-dry raw materials. The fraction of pectines is prevailing. It has shown as high antimicrobial and sorbtion activity. The composition monosaccharides of polysaccharides a complex of five investigated kinds has insignificant distinctions

Research of Polysaccharides of Some Species Sphagnum

Количество полисахаридов Sphagnum balticum S. fallax, S. fuscum и S. lenense составляет 9,5-10,7 %, а S. girgensohnii 26,0 % от массы абсолютно сухого сырья. Преобладающей является фракция пектиновых веществ. Она показала высокую как противомикробную, так и сорбционную активность. Состав моносахаров полисахаридного комплекса пяти исследуемых видов имеет незначительные различия.Quantity of polysaccharides Sphagnum balticum S. fallax, S. fuscum and S. lenense makes 9,5-10,7 %, and S. girgensohnii is 26,0 % from weight of absolute-dry raw materials. The fraction of pectines is prevailing. It has shown as high antimicrobial and sorbtion activity. The composition monosaccharides of polysaccharides a complex of five investigated kinds has insignificant distinctions