Non-classical non-Gaussian state of a mechanical resonator via selectively incoherent damping in three-mode optomechanical systems

We theoretically propose a scheme for the generation of a non-classical single-mode motional state of a mechanical resonator (MR) in the three-mode optomechanical systems, in which two optical modes of the cavities are linearly coupled to each other and one mechanical mode of the MR is optomechanically coupled to the two optical modes with the same coupling strength simultaneously. One cavity is driven by a coherent laser light. By properly tuning the frequency of the weak driving field, we obtain engineered Liouvillian superoperator via engineering the selective interaction Hamiltonian confined to the Fock subspaces. In this case, the motional state of the MR can be prepared into a non-Gaussian state, which possesses the sub-Poisson statistics although its Wigner function is positive.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Status, Trends, and Prospects of the Channel Catfish Industry in China and the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic

In 1984, the Fisheries Research Institute of Hubei Province first introduced channel catfish from the US to China. Since then, the production of China's channel catfish has undergone volatile changes. In 2003, as a substitute for Pangasius fillets from Vietnam, the export volume of channel catfish-processed products increased considerably. In recent years, the Chinese channel catfish industry has shifted from dependence on American and European markets to dominance in Chinese markets. It is expected that the continuing impact of the Covid-19 epidemic in China and the development of the global pandemic will significantly affect the channel catfish farming sector in China. This paper outlines China's channel catfish industry's development, markets, costs, and benefits and provides some suggestions for its development

Approaches to the Total Synthesis of Puupehenone-Type Marine Natural Products

Puupehenones have been isolated from the marine sponge Chondrosia chucalla, which belong to a growing family of natural products with more than 100 members. These marine natural products have attracted increasing attention mainly due to their wide variety of biological activities such as antitumor, antiviral, and anti-HIV, and thus offer promising opportunities for new drug development. This chapter covers the approaches to the total synthesis of puupehenone-type marine natural products including puupehenol, puupehenone, puupehedione, and halopuupehenones. The routes begin with the construction of their basic skeletons, followed by the modification of their C- and D-rings. The contents are divided into two sections in terms of the key strategies employed to construct the basic skeleton. One is the convergent synthesis route with two synthons coupled by nucleophilic or electrophilic reaction, and the other is the linear synthesis route with polyene series cyclization as a key reaction

3-[(E)-2-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro­prop-1-en-1-yl]-N-(2-fluoro­phen­yl)-2,2-dimethyl­cyclo­propane-1-carboxamide

The phenyl ring in the title compound, C15H14ClF4NO, makes a dihedral angle of 80.3 (3)° with the cyclo­propane ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains running along the a axis

Ukupna kinetika redukcije niskokvalitetnog piroluzita smjesom hemiceluloze i lignina kao redukcijskog sredstva

Manganese is widely used in many fields. Many efforts have been made to recover manganese from low-grade pyrolusite due to the depletion of high-grade manganese ore. Thus, it is of practical significance to develop a clean, energy-saving and environmentally friendly technical route to reduce the low-grade pyrolusite. The reported results show that biomass wastes from crops, crop waste, wood and wood waste are environmentally friendly, energy-saving, and low-cost reducing agents for roasting reduction of low-grade pyrolusite. Kinetics of the reduction reactions is necessary for an efficient design of biomass reduction of pyrolusite. Therefore, it is important to look for a general kinetics equation to describe the reduction of pyrolusite by different kinds of biomass, because there is a wide variety of biomass wastes, meaning that it is impossible to investigate the kinetics for each biomass waste. In this paper, thermal gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis were applied to study the overall reduction kinetics of pyrolusite using a mixture of hemicellulose and lignin, two major components of biomass. Overall reduction process is the overlap of the respective reduction processes. A new empirical equation based on the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation can be used to describe the respective reduction kinetics using hemicellulose and lignin as reductants, and the corresponding apparent activation energy is 30.14 kJ mol−1 and 38.91 kJ mol−1, respectively. The overall kinetic model for the reduction of pyrolusite by the mixture of hemicellulose and lignin can be simulated by the summation of the respective kinetics by considering their mass-loss fractions, while a unit step function was used to avoid the invalid conversion data. The obtained results in this work are necessary to understand the biomass reduction of pyrolusite and provide valuable assistance in the development of a general kinetics equation.Ukupna kinetika redukcije piroluzita istraživana je termogravimetrijom i diferencijalnom termogravimetrijom. Kao redukcijsko sredstvo upotrijebljeni su hemiceluloza i lignin, glavni sastojci poljoprivrednog biljnog biootpada, drva i drvnog otpada. Ukupnu redukciju čine isprepleteni pojedinačni redukcijski procesi. Kinetika redukcije piroluzita smjesom hemiceluloze i lignina može se opisati novom empirijskom jednadžbom temeljenoj na jednadžbi Johnson–Mehl–Avrami, a odgovarajuća prividna energija aktivacije iznosi 30.14 kJ mol−1, odnosno 38.91 kJ mol−1. Sveobuhvatna kinetika može se modelirati kao zbroj pojedinačnih udjela uzimajući u obzir masene udjele sastojaka smjese te uz primjenu jedinične odskočne funkcije kako bi se izbjegli nevaljani podaci

Traditional Chinese medicine combined with hormone therapy to treat premature ovarian failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to provide critically estimated evidence for the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese herbal medicines used for premature ovarian failure (POF), which could provide suggestions for rational treatments.Materials and Methods: The databases searched included MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, VIP, China Dissertation Database, China Important Conference Papers Database, and online clinical trial registry websites. Published and unpublished randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with hormone therapy (HT) and HT alone for POF were assessed up to December 30, 2015. Two authors extracted data and assessed trial quality independently using Cochrane systematic review methods. Meta-analysis was used to quantitatively describe serum hormone levels and Kupperman scores associated with perimenopause symptoms.Results: Seventeen randomized controlled trials involving 1352 participants were selected. Compared with HT alone, although no significant effects were observed in the levels of luteinizing hormone, therapy with TCM combined with HT compared to HT alone effectively altered serum hormone levels of follicle stimulating hormone (P<0.01) and estradiol (P < 0.01), and improved Kupperman index scores (P< 0.01).Conclusions: The reported favorable effects of TCM combined with HT for treating POF patients are better than HT alone.However,the beneficial effects derived from this combination therapy cannot be viewed conclusive.In order to better support the clinical use, more rigorously designed trials are required to provide.Keywords: Traditional Chinese medicine, Hormone therapy, Premature ovarian failure, Meta-analysi

Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Heteroaromatic Alcohols Catalyzed by Chiral Diaminodiphosphine-Ruthenium(II) Complexes

Chiral diaminodiphosphine-ruthenium(II) complexes were found to be excellent catalysts for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of heteroatomic ketones in propan-2-ol. In the presence of potassium hydroxide, the enantioselective reduction of heteroaromatic ketones procceded smoothly to give chiral alcohols with excellent enantiomeric excess (up to 97% ee) under mild conditions without reduction of the heterocycle.National Natural Science Foundation of China [20423002, 20703034]; Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China [2008J0235]; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface

GNSS-R Soil Moisture Retrieval Based on a XGboost Machine Learning Aided Method: Performance and Validation

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-reflectometry is a type of remote sensing technology and can be applied to soil moisture retrieval. Until now, various GNSS-R soil moisture retrieval methods have been reported. However, there still exist some problems due to the complexity of modeling and retrieval process, as well as the extreme uncertainty of the experimental environment and equipment. To investigate the behavior of bistatic GNSS-R soil moisture retrieval process, two ground-truth measurements with dierent soil conditions were carried out and the performance of the input variables was analyzed from the mathematical statistical aspect. Moreover, the feature of XGBoost method was utilized as well. As a recently developed ensemble machine learning method, the XGBoost method just emerged for the classification of remote sensing and geographic data, to investigate the characterization of the input variables in the GNSS-R soil moisture retrieval. It showed a good correlation with the statistical analysis of ground-truth measurements. The variable contributions for the input data can also be seen and evaluated. The study of the paper provides some experimental insights into the behavior of the GNSS-R soil moisture retrieval. It is worthwhile before establishing models and can also help with understanding the underlying GNSS-R phenomena and interpreting data