2,5-Dimethyl-7,8,9,10-tetra­hydro­cyclo­hepta­[b]indol-6(5H)-one

In the title mol­ecule, C15H17NO, the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyrrole rings is 1.45 (13)°. The cyclo­heptene ring adopts a slightly distorted boat conformation. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are found

9-Ethyl-N-(3-nitro­benzyl­idene)-9H-carbazol-3-amine

The title compound, C21H17N3O2, crystallizes with two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The carbazole groups show relatively small deviations from planarity [maximum displacements from the mean carbazole plane are 0.077 (7) and 0.101 (7) Å]. The dihedral angles between the 3-nitro­benzyl­idene­amine and carbazole groups are 37.9 (1) and 37.0 (1)° in the two mol­ecules

2-Chloro-7,8,9,10-tetra­hydro­cyclo­hepta­[b]indol-6(5H)-one

In the title mol­ecule, C13H12ClNO, the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyrrole rings is 1.38 (9)°. The cyclo­heptene ring adopts a distorted twist chair and sofa conformation. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form an R 2 2(10) loop in the crystal packing. Further, weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π (involving the benzene ring) inter­actions are found in the crystal structure

5-Methyl-7,8,9,10-tetra­hydro­cyclo­hepta­[b]indol-6(5H)-one

In the title mol­ecule, C14H15NO, the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyrrole rings is 1.99 (12)°. The cyclo­heptene ring adopts a slightly distorted boat conformation

(E)-6-Chloro-2-(furan-2-yl­methyl­idene)-2,3,4,9-tetra­hydro-1H-carbazol-1-one

In the title compound, C17H12ClNO2, the carbazole unit is nearly planar [maximum deviation = 0.052 (1) Å]. The pyrrole ring makes dihedral angles of 1.92 (8) and 4.71 (11)° with the benzene and furan rings, respectively. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form R 2 2(10) rings in the crystal structure

(E)-2-(Furan-2-yl­methyl­idene)-8-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetra­hydro-1H-carbazol-1-one

In the title mol­ecule, C18H15NO2, the carbazole unit is not planar [maximum deviation from mean plane = 0.236 (2) Å]. The pyrrole ring makes dihedral angles of 1.21 (10) and 16.74 (12)° with the benzene and the furan rings, respectively. The cyclo­hexene ring adopts a half-chair conformation. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 2(10) loops

Maternal antecedents of adiposity and studying the transgenerational role of hyperglycemia and insulin (MAASTHI): a prospective cohort study : Protocol of birth cohort at Bangalore, India.

BACKGROUND: India is experiencing an epidemic of obesity-hyperglycaemia, which coincides with child bearing age for women. The epidemic can be sustained and augmented through transgenerational transmission of adiposity and glucose intolerance in women. This presents an opportunity for exploring a clear strategy for the control of this epidemic in India. We conducted a study between November 2013 and May 2015 to inform the design of a large pregnancy cohort study. Based on the findings of this pilot, we developed the protocol for the proposed birth cohort of 5000 women, the recruitment for which will start in April 2016. The protocol of the study documents the processes which aim at advancing the available knowledge, linking several steps in the evolution of obesity led hyperglycemia. METHODS: Maternal Antecedents of Adiposity and Studying the Transgenerational role of Hyperglycemia and Insulin (MAASTHI) is a cohort study in the public health facilities in Bangalore, India. The objective of MAASTHI is to prospectively assess the effects of glucose levels in pregnancy on the risk of adverse infant outcomes, especially in predicting the possible risk markers of later chronic diseases. The primary objective of the proposed study is to investigate the effect of glucose levels in pregnancy on skinfold thickness (adiposity) in infancy as a marker of future obesity and diabetes in offspring. The secondary objective is to assess the association between psychosocial environment of mothers and adverse neonatal outcomes including adiposity. The study aims to recruit 5000 pregnant women and follow them and their offspring for a period of 4 years. The institutional review board at The Indian Institute of Public Health (IIPH)-H, Bangalore, Public Health Foundation of India has approved the protocol. All participants are required to provide written informed consent. DISCUSSION: The findings from this study may help to address important questions on screening and management of high blood sugar in pregnancy. It may provide critical information on the specific determinants driving the underweight-obesity-T2DM epidemic in India. The study can inform the policy regarding the potential impact of screening and management protocols in public healthcare facilities. The public health implications include prioritising issues of maternal glycemic control and weight management and better understanding of the lifecourse determinants in the development of T2DM

8-Methyl-2,3,4,9-tetra­hydro-1H-carbazol-1-one

In the title compound, C13H13NO, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the fused pyrrole ring is 0.96 (7)°. The cyclohexenone ring adopts an envelope conformation. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form R 2 2(10) ring motifs in the crystal structure. Weak C—H⋯π inter­actions involving the benzene ring also occur

Association of obesity with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in India: A meta-analysis of observational studies.

AIM: To perform a meta-analysis of the association of obesity with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in India among adults. METHODS: To conduct meta-analysis, we performed comprehensive, electronic literature search in the PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Google Scholar. We restricted the analysis to studies with documentation of some measure of obesity namely; body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference and diagnosis of hypertension or diagnosis of T2DM. By obtaining summary estimates of all included studies, the meta-analysis was performed using both RevMan version 5 and "metan" command STATA version 11. Heterogeneity was measured by I2 statistic. Funnel plot analysis has been done to assess the study publication bias. RESULTS: Of the 956 studies screened, 18 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled odds ratio between obesity and hypertension was 3.82 (95%CI: 3.39 to 4.25). The heterogeneity around this estimate (I2 statistic) was 0%, indicating low variability. The pooled odds ratio from the included studies showed a statistically significant association between obesity and T2DM (OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.04 to 1.24) with a high degree of variability. CONCLUSION: Despite methodological differences, obesity showed significant, potentially plausible association with hypertension and T2DM in studies conducted in India. Being a modifiable risk factor, our study informs setting policy priority and intervention efforts to prevent debilitating complications

Effect of light and media upon growth and melanin formation in aureobasidium pullulans ( de By. ) Arn . (=pullularia pullulans)

Polysaccharides like dextrine and starch are shown to be the best carbon sources for the growth of Aureobasidium pullulans although growth is good upon a variety of other carbon sources. Light increases growth markedly when polysaccharides are the carbon source but not when other sugars are used. Variation in cell morphology is described in response to sugars and light. Extracellular granules, whose properties resemble those of melanin, are produced when dextrine is the carbon source in a defined medium containing asparagine as the source of nitrogen. The dark pigment was extracted from the walls of thick-walled brown cells of A. pullulans and characterized as a melanin on the basis of several tests, including solubility and absorption spectrum. A. pullulans was grown on several defined and undefined media and the response of the fungus to light is shown to be determined by the medium, and the temperature at which the cultures are grown.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43277/1/11046_2005_Article_BF02054883.pd