5 research outputs found

    Biogeographical characterization of Psalmocharias plagifera (Schumacher, 1922) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) mass emergence in southwest Morocco

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    Several zones in southwestern Morocco were surveyed following a recent exceptional invasion of a species of cicada in May 2021, which caused significant damage, particularly in young almond plantations. The objective is to identify the cicada causing the damages and to determine the infested areas as well as the host plants. According to the plant protection service of Essaouira, more than 10,000 hectares of almond plantations have been impacted by the infestation. Based on the sites where they were found, the most infected plant species were listed. As a result of the surveys, four provinces were invaded: Essaouira, Chichaoua, Agadir, and Taroudant. The variety of host plants demonstrated that this cicada species is polyphagous. Throughout the invasion, different life stages of the cicada species were sampled and examined in the laboratory using a stereomicroscope. A preliminary morphological analysis of the cicada developmental stages, especially the adults, allowed us to establish the provisional life cycle of this hemipteran. In addition to morphological characteristics, male genital was dissected to identify the Cicada species responsible for the mass emergence. The external morphology of the adult and the pattern of the male genitalia allowed us to identify the cicada species responsible for the invasion as Psalmocharias plagifera (Hemiptera, Cicadidae)

    Effect of pruning and chemical control on

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    Introduction In Morocco the olive growers rely totally on pesticides to control the black scale Saissetia oleae, although this technique has adverse effects on natural enemies, on product quality and on the environment. However, the pesticides are not used efficiently because of ignorance of the developmental cycle of the insect, and of the periods of vulnerable instar presence. We studied these two parameters. Next, we tested the efficacy of the pesticide and we studied the effect of pruning on the scales as an alternative to chemicals. Materials and methods The seasonal trend of the black scale was studied in two olive orchards near Essaouira, in the west of Morocco, during 2005 and 2006. One of these orchards was subject to chemical treatment in 2007, while two new orchards were selected to study the effect of pruning on the scales. The evolution of crawler and nymph density on different olive tree organs was followed in order to discover their preferences for these different organs. Results and discussion The seasonal trend study showed the presence of one generation of S. oleae per year and the tendency to colonise young organs rather than old ones. The optimum of mobile instar population coincided with the beginning and the end of July. On the organs of the chemically-treated samples, numbers of crawlers and nymphs were highly reduced. The results showed a small-scale infestation in pruned trees compared with the unpruned trees (control). Conclusion. Though the chemical control has good results, pruning remains very efficient and can help improve the control of the black scale populations without harming the environmen

    Caractérisation biogéographique de l’émergence massive de Psalmocharias plagifera (Schumacher, 1922) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) dans le sud-ouest du Maroc

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    Several zones in southwestern Morocco were surveyed following a recent exceptional invasion of a species of cicada in May 2021, which caused significant damage, particularly in young almond plantations. The objective is to identify the cicada causing the damages and to determine the infested areas as well as the host plants. According to the plant protection service of Essaouira, more than 10,000 hectares of almond plantations have been impacted by the infestation. Based on the sites where they were found, the most infected plant species were listed. As a result of the surveys, four provinces were invaded: Essaouira, Chichaoua, Agadir, and Taroudant. The variety of host plants demonstrated that this cicada species is polyphagous. Throughout the invasion, different life stages of the cicada species were sampled and examined in the laboratory using a stereomicroscope. A preliminary morphological analysis of the cicada developmental stages, especially the adults, allowed us to establish the provisional life cycle of this hemipteran. In addition to morphological characteristics, male genital was dissected to identify the Cicada species responsible for the mass emergence. The external morphology of the adult and the pattern of the male genitalia allowed us to identify the cicada species responsible for the invasion as Psalmocharias plagifera (Hemiptera, Cicadidae).Plusieurs régions du sud-ouest du Maroc ont été prospectées suite à une récente invasion exceptionnelle d'une espèce de cigale en mai 2021, qui a causé des dégâts déplorables, notamment dans les jeunes plantations d'amandiers. L’objectif est d’identifier la cigale responsable des dégâts et de déterminer les zones infestées ainsi que les plantes hôtes. Selon le Service de Protection des Végétaux d'Essaouira, plus de 10 000 hectares auraient été impactés. Les espèces végétales les plus infectées ont été répertoriées en fonction de l'endroit où elles ont été trouvées. A la suite des enquêtes, quatre provinces importantes ont été envahies par l'invasion: Essaouira, Chichaoua, Agadir et Taroudant. La diversité des plantes hôtes a démontré que cette espèce de cigale est polyphage. Tout au long de l'invasion, différents stades de l'espèce de cigale ont été échantillonnés et examinés au laboratoire à l'aide d'un stéréomicroscope. L’analyse morphologique préliminaire des stades de développement de la cigale, notamment des adultes, nous a permis d'établir le cycle de vie provisoire de cet hémiptère. Outre les caractéristiques morphologiques, la dissection des organes génitaux mâles a été utilisée pour identifier l'espèce de cigale responsable de l'invasion. La morphologie externe des adultes et le dessin des genitalia mâles nous ont permis d'identifier l'espèce de Cicadidae impliquée dans l'invasion comme étant Psalmocharias plagifera (Schumacher, 1922) (Hemiptera, Cicadidae)

    Présence au Maroc de vecteurs potentiels de Xylella fastidiosa pouvant contribuer à la propagation active de la bactérie

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    International audienceThe bacterium Xylella fastidiosa represents a potential risk to the Moroccan flora. For this reason, several surveys were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to assess its occurrence and to establish an inventory of its potential insect vectors with emphasis on their characterization and importance from 85 sites in 25 provinces across the country. Using a sweeping net, 2604 specimens belonging to the Auchenorrhyncha suborder (Hemiptera) were collected. A total of 213 samples from different crops, including two ornamental species Nerium oleander and Polygala spp., were sampled and tested for the presence of X. fastidiosa by ELISA and PCR techniques during the same period within the same surveyed provinces (plus two additional ones, i.e. 27 provinces). Aphrophoridae species were mainly located in the northern part of Morocco where five potential insect vectors occur, namely Philaenus tesselatus, P. maghresignus, Philaenus sp., Neophilaenus campestris and N. lineatus. Philaenus tesselatus was the most important spittlebug recorded with uneven occurrence throughout the country. Philaenus spumarius has not been found in the present surveys which could indicate that it has been replaced by P. tesselatus. Therefore, the latter should be considered as the main potential insect vector of X. fastidiosa in Morocco. Current status and importance of spittlebugs, sharpshooter-leafhoppers, treehoppers and planthoppers are given. ELISA and PCR results did not show any positive results, which may be seen as good news indicating that X. fastidiosa was not found in Morocco. Regarding occurrence and importance of P. tesselatus in Morocco, pest risk analysis of X. fastidiosa in the country should be revised. Our findings highlight the factors that would contribute to the active spread of the X. fastidiosa once introduced into the country.La bactérie Xylella fastidiosa représente un risque potentiel pour la flore au Maroc. Pour cette raison, des prospections ont été menées entre 2019 et 2020 pour évaluer sa présence et établir un inventaire exhaustif de ses insectes vecteurs potentiels tout en mettant l’accent sur leurs caractéristiques et leur importance dans 85 sites au niveau de 25 provinces à travers le pays. À l’aide d’un filet fauchoir, 2604 spécimens appartenant au sous-ordre des Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera) ont été collectés. Un total de 213 échantillons provenant de différentes cultures, dont deux espèces ornementales, Nerium oleander et Polygala spp., ont été échantillonnées et testées pour la présence de X. fastidiosa par les techniques d’ELISA et PCR, et ce au cours de la même période dans les mêmes zones étudiées (plus deux autres supplémentaires, soit 27 provinces). Les espèces d’Aphrophoridae étaient principalement localisées dans la partie nord du Maroc où se trouvent cinq insectes vecteurs potentiels : Philaenus tesselatus, P. maghresignus, Philaenus sp., Neophilaenus campestris et N. lineatus. Philaenus tesselatus était le plus important vecteur recensé avec une présence inégale dans tout le pays. Philaenus spumarius n’a pas été trouvé lors des observations actuelles ce qui pourrait indiquer qu’il ait été remplacé par P. tesselatus. Ce dernier devrait donc être considéré comme le principal insecte vecteur potentiel de X. fastidiosa au Maroc. L’état actuel et l’importance des insectes appartenant aux familles Aphrophoridae, Cicadellidae, Membracidae, Issidae, Dictyopharidae et Tettigometridae sont indiqués. Les résultats d’ELISA et de PCR n’ont montré aucun résultat positif, ce qui peut être considéré comme une bonne nouvelle indiquant que X. fastidiosa n’a pas été trouvée au Maroc. Tenant en compte la présence et l’importance de P. tesselatus au Maroc, l’analyse du risque phytosanitaire de X. fastidiosa au Maroc devrait être revue. Nos données mettent en évidence les facteurs qui pourraient contribuer à la propagation active de X. fastidiosa une fois introduite dans le pays
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