Genetic Polymorphisms of the Coding Region (Exon 6) of Calpastatin in Indonesian Sheep

Calpastatin (CAST) is an indigenous inhibitor of calpain that involved in regulation of protein turn over and growth. The objective of this research was to identify genetic polymorphisms in the entire exon 6 of calpastatin gene in Indonesian local sheep. A PCR-SSCP method was carried out to identify genetic variation of CAST gene. In total 258 heads of local sheep from 8 populations were investigated, three groups of samples were Thin Tail Sheep (TTS) from Sukabumi, Jonggol, and Kissar. The rest samples were Priangan sheep (PS) from Margawati (Garut meat type) and Wanaraja (Garut fighting type) and Fat Tail Sheep (FTS) from Donggala, Sumbawa, and Rote islands. SSCP analysis revealed that three different SSCP patterns corresponded to three different alleles in the CAST locus (CAST-1, 2, and 3 allele) with five different genotypes. Genetic variation between local sheep populations were calculated based on genotypic and allelic frequencies. Most populations studied were polymorphic, with genotype frequencies of CAST-11, CAST-12, CAST-22, CAST-32, and CAST-33 were 0.286, 0.395, 0.263, 0.046, and 0.007 respectively. CAST-1 and 2 alleles were most commonly found in all populations with total frequency was 0.970, while CAST-3 was a rare allele 0.030 and only found in TTS population. Variation in the CAST gene could be used for the next research as genetic diversity study or to find any association between CAST polymorphism with birth weight, growth trait and carcass quality in Indonesian local sheep

Identification of Morphometry and Carcass Composition of Local Sheep at Different Growth Rate

Sheep fattening farms have been recently growing rapidly to produce better quality of sheep meat and fullfill consumer's demand. Sheep fattening and breeding farms should be developed proportionally to obtain sustainable sheep flock in the market. Twelve male lambs (less than one year old) were selected based on their average daily gain (ADG), consisting into two groups: 6 fast growing (FG) and 6 slow growing (SG) sheep. Some morphometric parameters in body and head parts of sheep and their carcass production and composition were measured and compared between the groups. The results show that chest circumference, body height, body length, head length and muzzle, top and bottom neck circumferences of FG sheep were significantly higher than in SG sheep (P0.05). It is concluded that selection of fast growing sheep can be recommended by using some morphometric parameters. The selection would not also negatively affect the weight and percentage of carcass composition

ICT deployment and resource-based power in multinational enterprise futures

Applying a resource-dependency perspective to intra-multinational enterprise (MNE) power 53,54, this paper examines the effect of the deployment of advanced ICT and particularly the implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Although subsidiaries in the multinational do not have authority-based or ‘structural’ power with respect to key strategic decisions 6,16, they may have ‘resource-based’ power in the form of knowledge and capabilities that is of value to the multinational as a whole. Business network analysis highlights the ‘invisibility’ of the external networks (often in the host country) to the upper echelons in the multinational through which valuable subsidiary knowledge and capabilities develop. It points out that this ‘invisibility’ undermines the headquarters’ ability to control the subsidiary 3,28,36,42,68,72. In this paper we argue that the deployment of ERP undermines the resource base of subsidiary power and thus helps to restore greater central authority in the MNE. The paper reports findings from studies in twelve MNEs which have implemented ERP and points out that from the perspective of subsidiary managers a key effect of ERP deployment is the reduction in their autonomy. This may have significant adverse implications for the futures of the MNE as a federative organizational form and the legitimacy of MNE operations abroad

Rising power firms - The developmental promises and challenges

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of "rising power firms” and how these firms offer developmental promises and challenges to the face of international business (IB). We suggest that rising power firms offer novel capabilities, connect IB to global value chains (GVCs) and then introduce the papers in the special issue. Design/methodology/approach – The papers in the special issue are grouped under two distinct themes, one considering the capabilities of rising power firms and how these are shaped broadly by the economic and socio political features of their home countries. The second theme clusters papers that have a GVC dimension in so far as they highlight failures in upgrading, flag the disconnect between economic and social upgrading and provide a novel conceptualisation of social value creation. Findings – The international business literature has paid growing attention to the emergence of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from rising powers, notably the ‘BRICS’. One perspective, a dominant perspective in IB, sees RP MNEs as a manifestation of catch–up efforts by firms from emerging economies, another perspective suggests that rising power firms compete with distinct capabilities and business models. This special issue highlights the latter perspective. Originality/value – This paper introduces five diverse papers that deal with issues pertaining to rising power firms and developmental perspectives. Keywords – Rising powers, emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs), global value chains, development, upgrading, social value creation. Paper type - General revie

Pengaruh Lingkungan Tropis Indonesia Pada Penuaan Aspal Dan Modulus Kekakuan Resilien Campuran Beraspal

Kinerja struktur perkerasan jalan yang merupakan suatu struktur yang tidak terlindung sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi klimatik lokasi di mana jalan tersebut dibangun. Kondisi klimatik ini memberikan pengaruh jangka panjang tidak saja pada kinerja struktur perkerasan jalan tetapi juga pada respon struktur perkerasan tersebut terhadap beban karena kondisi klimatik sangat menentukan kecepatan penuaan aspal. Penuaan aspal adalah suatu parameter yang baik untuk mengetahui durabilitas campuran beraspal. Penuaan ini menyebabkan terjadinya pengerasan pada aspal dan selanjutnya akan meningkatkan kekakuan campuran beraspal dan akhirnya akan mempengaruhi kinerja campuran tersebut. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan terhadap penuaan aspal dan pada modulus kekakuan Cement Treated Asphalt Mixture (CTAM) dan Split Mastic Asphalt (SMA) pada iklim tropis Indonesia. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, kedua campuran ini dikondisikan terhadap pengaruh lingkungan dengan cara mengeksposnya secara langsung di udara terbuka selama 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, dan 21 bulan. Uji laboratorium dilakukan pada campuran yang sudah dikondisikan dan pada aspal hasil ekstraksinya. Selain itu, data penuaan aspal kedua campuran yang didapat dari studi ini dibandingkan dengan data sekunder penuaan aspal yang diperoleh dari campuran Hot Rolled Sheet (HRS) yang ada di lapangan. Kata

N-(4-Chloro­butano­yl)-N′-(2,5-dimeth­oxy­phen­yl)thio­urea

The title mol­ecule, C13H17ClN2O3S, shows an anti and syn disposition of the butanoyl and 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl groups with respect to the thione and is stabilized by intra­molecular N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯S contacts

An exploratory analysis of the internationalization of innovative activity in Finnish multinational enterprises

This paper examines two aspects of the internationalisation of innovation in Finnish multinational companies, the growing innovativeness of foreign subsidiaries (‘creative subsidiaries’) and the phenomenon of ‘crossfertilisation’, between R&D labs in Finland and those in foreign subsidiaries, in the innovative process of Finnish MNEs. We review existing literature pertaining to innovation in multinational enterprises and the growing capability of foreign subsidiaries to undertake innovation. Consistent with the general thrust of the literature we develop and examine two hypotheses relating to subsidiary innovation and cross-fertilisation between subsidiaries and the parent for 30 Finnish MNEs between the years 1975–1995, employing patent data from the US patent office. Our findings provide support for the hypotheses. We conclude by pointing out the limitations of the current study and deriving implications from our findings for future research

Kemampuan Menggunakan Konjungsi dalam Wacana Deskripsi Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 51 Banda Aceh

Pengajaran konjungsi diperlukan oleh siswa guna memperluas cara berpikir dan mempertajam pemahaman terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini berjudul “kemampuan menggunakan konjungsi dalam wacana deskripsi siswa kelas V SD Negeri 51 Banda Aceh. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kemampuan menggunakan konjungsi dalam wacana deskripsi siswa kelas V SD Negeri 51 Banda Aceh? Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujun untuk mengetahui kemampuan menggunakan konjungsi dalam wacana deskripsi siswa kelas V SD Negeri 51 Banda Aceh.Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SD Negeri 51 Banda Aceh yang berjumlah 32 siswa, penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling karena populasinya kurang dari 100 yaitu sampelnya 32 siswa.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah dengan instrumen tes. Hasil data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata siswa kelas V SD Negeri 51 Banda Aceh dalam menggunakan konjungsi wacana deskripsi adalah 72,12. Berdasarkan kategori nilai yang menjadi acuan penelitian ini, nilai rata-rata 72,12 termasuk ke dalam kategori baik. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan siswa kelas V SD Negeri 51 Banda Aceh dalam menggunakan konjungsi dalam wacana deskripsi pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia memiliki tingkat kemampuan yang baik

Kemampuan Siswa Memahami Isi Bacaan Deskripsi Siswa Kelas V Sdn Lamreung Aceh Besar

Mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia merupakan mata pelajaran yang diajarkan di sekolah sejak Sekolah Dasar sampai perguruan tinggi. Mata pelajaran ini sangat penting untuk diajarkan di sekolah. Mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di selenggarakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam bersosialisasi dengan sesama dalam berbagai kesempatan baik tulis maupun lisan. Salah satu aspek yang terdapat dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia ialah membaca. Melalui membaca anak akan memahami informasi yang disampaikan penulis dalam suatu tulisan. Penelitian yang berjudul “Kemampuan Siswa Memahami Isi Bacaan Deskripsi Siswa Kelas V SDN Lamreung Aceh Besar”. Adapun yang menjadi rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimanakah tingkat kemampuan siswa memahami isi teks deskripsi di kelas V SDN Lamreung Aceh Besar?.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikankemampuan siswa memahami isi teks deskripsi kelas V SD Lamreung Aceh Besar. Subjek dalam penelitia ini adalah siswa kelas V Sd Lamreung Aceh Besar yang berjumlah sebanyak 21 orang siswa, terdiri dari 12 siswa perempuan dan 9 siswa laki – laki.Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan membagikan instrument berupa tes untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa dalam memahami isi teks deskripsi. Tes dibuat dalam bentuk choice, yang terdiri dari 10 butir soal. Tes ini di lakukan di kelas V SDN Lamreung Aceh Besar.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di SDNLamreung Aceh Besar, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) Analisis data yang di lakukan dengan rumus presentasi pada materi teks deskrispi hasil belajar siswa sudah sangat baik, (2) Analisis data yang dilakukan dengan rumus presentasi pada butir soal mampu di jawab dengan baik oleh siswa