放射線が線虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)の運動機能に及ぼす影響

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第24311号理博第4881号新制||理||1698(附属図書館)京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻(主査)准教授 秋山 秋梅, 教授 中川 尚史, 教授 中務 真人学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDGA

Multiple-system atrophy and anesthesia

Multiple-system atrophy is an adult-onset progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the central nervous system, including the spinal cord. There has been no perioperative guideline of the muscle relaxants used in multiple-system atrophy, although a recent article recommends anesthesiologists to use shorter-acting drugs at the lowest possible doses in the patients. Here, we document the first case with multiple-system atrophy undergoing surgery managed with a combination of rocuronium and sugammadex. The recovery time to the train-of-four count 2 after intravenous rocuronium 0.6 mg / kg, or the time from the start of sugammadex 2 mg / kg intravenously to the train-of-four ratio over 0.9 was prolonged in our case more than 20 and 2 minutes compared with those in healthy subjects, respectively. Neuromuscular monitoring, in addition to the careful vigilance in the perioperative period, seems mandatory in the patients

A History of Recurrent Episodes of Prolonged Cough as a Predictive Value for Determining Cough Variant Asthma in a Primary Care Setting

Background: Many patients visit primary care clinics with a complaint of cough. General practitioners (GPs) developed a list of the causative diseases of cough that can produce a patient’s symptoms and signs. Then, the patients’ medical histories were evaluated to determine whether the diagnosis of cough variant asthma (CVA) or post-infectious cough (PIC) could have been predicted. Methods: We retrospectively investigated 195 outpatients with a complaint of cough. Medical histories of “recurrent episodes of prolonged cough” and “upper respiratory infection” were obtained during the initial visit. The accuracy of medical histories in predicting CVA and PIC was calculated on the area under the curve (AUC). Results: Among eligible patients with cough, PIC was diagnosed in 99 patients (50.8%), CVA in 40 patients (20.5%), upper airway cough syndrome in 28 patients (14.4%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 11 patients (5.6%). Among the patients with CVA and those with PIC, 93% and 12%, respectively, had a history of recurrent episodes of prolonged cough. For the diagnosis of CVA, having a history of recurrent episodes of prolonged cough showed a moderately accurate AUC (0.76, 95% CI: 0.71–0.82). On the other hand, for the diagnosis of PIC, having no history of recurrent episodes of prolonged cough also showed a moderately accurate AUC (0.87, 95% CI: 0.82–0.92). Conclusion: The medical history of recurrent episodes of prolonged cough is useful for the prediction of CVA as well as PIC

Bilateral Optic Disc Swelling as a Plausible Common Ocular Sign of Autoinflammatory Diseases: Report of Three Patients with Blau Syndrome or Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome

The aim of this study is to describe bilateral optic disc swelling in three consecutive patients with Blau syndrome or cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome at a single institution. Case 1 was a 30-year-old woman receiving 25 mg etanercept twice weekly who had been diagnosed as early-onset sarcoidosis by biopsy of skin rashes at 5 months old and genetically diagnosed with Blau syndrome with CARD15/NOD2 mutation (N670K) at 13 years old. At 10 years old, she began to have uveitis with optic disc swelling in both eyes, resulting in macular degeneration and optic disc atrophy at 17 years old only when etanercept was introduced. Case 2 was a 21-year-old man receiving adalimumab every 2 weeks who had been diagnosed as early-onset sarcoidosis by biopsy of skin rashes at 1.5 years old and genetically diagnosed as Blau syndrome with CARD15/NOD2 mutation (C495Y) at 5 years old. At 8 years old, around the time of adalimumab introduction, he began to show bilateral optic disc swelling which continued until the age of 16 years when the dose of adalimumab was increased. Case 3 was a 20-year-old woman receiving canakinumab every 8 weeks for systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, vomiting, and abdominal pain and later for sensorineural hearing disturbance on both sides. She had been diagnosed genetically with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome with NLRP3 mutation (Y859C) at 7 years old. At 5 years old, she was found to have bilateral optic disc swelling, which continued until the age of 10 years when she began receiving canakinumab (IL-1β inhibitor). Bilateral optic disc swelling might be tentatively designated as a plausible common ocular feature, if it occurred, in autoinflammatory diseases to pay more attention to ophthalmic complications in rare diseases

Development of a novel tocopheryl ester for suppression of lipid accumulation without cytotoxicity by optimization of dicarboxylic ester moiety

Tocopheryl succinate (Tsuc) is a succinic acid ester of the well-known antioxidant α-tocopherol (T). Tsuc exhibits various biological activities, including tumor growth suppression via activation of cell signaling and prevention of lipid accumulation in mouse adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. The latter findings suggest that Tsuc may be a drug candidate for the treatment of obesity. However, Tsuc was found to induce apoptosis of normal cells (in addition to cancer cells), demonstrating the need to reduce the cytotoxicity of Tsuc without losing the suppression effect on lipid accumulation. Based on our previous findings, we focused on the ester structure of Tsuc for controlling cytotoxicity. Herein, we examined the cytotoxicity and lipid accumulation suppression effect of various T ester derivatives. We found that the terminal carboxylic group is necessary for suppression of lipid accumulation. We synthesized tocopheryl glutarate (Tglu) and tocopheryl adipate (Tadi) by elongation of carbon atoms 1 and 2 of the dicarboxylic moiety, respectively. Tglu and Tadi did not show any cytotoxicity, and both esters suppressed lipid accumulation, although their suppression activities were weaker than that of Tsuc. Tadi showed a more potent lipid accumulation inhibitory effect than Tglu. Although Tadi inhibited lipogenesis and promoted lipolysis, lipolysis was induced at lower concentrations than inhibition of lipogenesis, suggesting that Tadi mainly affects lipolysis. Taken together, we succeeded in the reduction of cytotoxicity, without loss of the suppression effect on lipid accumulation, by elongation of the dicarboxylic moiety of Tsuc. Tadi may be a promising candidate as an anti-obesity drug

Structural Changes, New Regional Problems and Regional Policies

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Inhomogeneity in the Hot Intracluster Medium of Abell 1060 Observed with Chandra

A Chandra observation of the non-cooling flow cluster A 1060 has confirmed that the hot intracluster medium has fairly uniform distributions of temperature and metal abundance from a radius of about 230 kpc to the central 5 kpc region (H_0= 75 km/s/Mpc). The radial temperature profile shows a broad peak at 30-40 kpc from the center at a level ~20% higher than that in the outer region. Assuming spatially uniform temperature and abundance distributions, we derived a 3-dimensional density structure by iteratively correcting the beta model, and obtained the central gas density to be 8.2^{+1.8}_{-1.0} x 10^{-3} cm^{-3}. The distribution of gravitational mass was estimated from the density profile, and a central concentration of mass within a radius of 50 kpc was indicated. The data also suggest several high-abundance regions. The most significant blob adjacent to the central galaxy NGC 3311 has a radius of about 9 kpc, which indicates a metallicity of ~1.5 solar. We consider that this blob may be produced by the gas stripped off from NGC 3311.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, accepted by PASJ. High resolution version available at http://www-x.phys.metro-u.ac.jp/~akira_h/papers

Formation and characterization of phthalocyanine dimer/C60 solar cells

AbstractOrganic solar cells with μ-oxo-bridged gallium phthalocyanine dimer (GaPc dimer) and fullerene were produced by an evaporation method. A device based on the GaPc dimer provided a conversion efficiency of 4.2×10–3%, which is better compared to a device based on phthalocyanine monomer. Dimerization effect was discussed with a molecular orbital calculation, and the crystalline phases of the present solar cells were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Further improvement of the efficiency was discussed on the basis of the experimental results