EMBRAPA 22: nova cultivar de trigo para Minas Gerais, Goiás e Distrito Federal

In a joint research program the Embrapa-Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados (CPAC), the Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Trigo (CNPT), the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (Epamig), the Empresa Goiana de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Emgopa, todays Emater-GO), and the Cooperativa Agropecuária Mista do Programa de Assentamento Dirigido do Alto Paranaíba (Coopadap-MG), released a new cultivar – EMBRAPA 22 – indicated for areas with splinkler irrigation in the States of Goiás and Minas Gerais, and Federal District. Recently this cultivar was recomended for Bahia and Mato Grosso States. EMBRAPA 22 is originated from crossings carried out in the International Center for Corn and Wheat Breeding (CIMMYT), Mexico. It was introduced in Brazil through line colections and was identified in the trials of the Central Brazil research network as line CPAC 841153. The cultivar has higher qualities for the bread industry; has low grain shattering, it is resistant to stem rust and leaf rust under field conditions, and shows medium tolerance to lodging. In several trials, in different places and years, the yield of EMBRAPA 22 was 6% higher than the cultivar control Anahuac in Goiás and Federal District and 4% higher in Minas Gerais State.A Embrapa-Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados (CPAC), a Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Trigo (CNPT), a Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (Epamig), a Empresa Goiana de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Emgopa, atual Emater-GO) e a Cooperativa Agropecuária Mista do Programa de Assentamento Dirigido do Alto Paranaíba (Coopadap-MG), recomendaram uma nova cultivar de trigo – EMBRAPA 22 – para plantio no sistema de cultivo irrigado por aspersão nos estados de Goiás e Minas Gerais e no Distrito Federal. Recentemente, a cultivar foi recomendada também para os estados de Mato Grosso e Bahia. EMBRAPA 22 é originária de cruzamentos realizados no Centro Internacional de Melhoramento de Milho e Trigo (CIMMYT), situado no México. Foi selecionada na Embrapa-CPAC entre diversas linhas avançadas enviadas pelo CIMMYT e identificada em ensaios da rede experimental da região central do Brasil como linhagem CPAC 841153. A cultivar possui glúten forte e estabilidade alta, que conferem a ela uma classificação superior quanto à qualidade industrial, além de apresentar ainda ciclo precoce, alta produtividade, resistência à ferrugem-do-colmo e ferrugem-da-folha, em condições de campo, tolerância à debulha e moderada tolerância ao acamamento. Em experimentos conduzidos em Goiás e Distrito Federal, a EMBRAPA 22 produziu 6% a mais que a testemunha Anahuac, e em Minas Gerais, 4%

Plot size in experiments with wheat irrigated under no-tillage and conventional tillage

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o tamanho da parcela para avaliação da produtividade de grãos de trigo, sob condições irrigadas, em sistema de plantio direto e convencional. Cada experimento foi formado por 30 fileiras de 30 m de comprimento, no espaçamento de 20 cm e densidade de 380 sementes/m2. A colheita foi efetuada em unidades básicas (ub) de 1,0 m de fileira (0,2 m2), colhendo-se os 12 m centrais das 24 fileiras centrais, totalizando 288 ub. O tamanho da parcela foi estimado pelos métodos da máxima curvatura, máxima curvatura modificada, comparação de variâncias e método de Hatheway. Os tamanhos de parcela apresentaram grande variação em razão do método utilizado na sua estimativa. Parcelas menores, com maior número de repetições, foram mais eficientes no uso da área experimental do que parcelas maiores com menor número de repetições. Parcelas com tamanho variando entre 1,6 e 2,4 m2 de área útil possibilitaram adequada avaliação da produtividade de grãos nas diferentes condições estudadas.The objective of this work was to estimate plot size for evaluation of the grain yields of wheat, under irrigated conditions, in no-tillage system and conventional tillage. Each experiment was formed by 30 rows of 30 m of length, with spacing of 20 cm among rows and density of 380 seeds/m2. The harvest was made in basic units (bu) of a row meter (0.2 m2), being harvested, in each assay, the central 12-meter of the 24 central rows, totaling 288 bu. The plot size was estimated using the methods of maximum curvature, modified maximum curvature, comparison of variances and method of Hatheway. The plot sizes presented great variation because of the method used in its estimation. Smaller plots, with larger number of replications, were more efficient in the use of the experimental area than larger plots with smaller number of replications. Plots size varying between 1.6 and 2.4 m2 of useful area promoted appropriate evaluation of the grain yields in the different studied conditions

Assessing arsenic, cadmium, and lead contents in major crops in Brazil for food safety purposes

AbstractThe food chain is one of the major sources of human exposure to non-essential trace elements (TEs) present in soils. Human exposure to contaminated food is a worldwide health concern and a food safety issue that threatens agricultural trade. To assess the quality of Brazilian food products with respect to non-essential TEs, we evaluated arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) contents in five major crops grown in Brazil: rice, wheat, corn, soybeans, and potatoes. The samples were collected from field trials with a record of long-term use of phosphate fertilizers in the states of Mato Grosso and Minas Gerais, Brazil. The TE concentrations in soils were all bellow the maximum allowable concentrations for agricultural soils. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb (μgkg−1 dry weight) were as follows: below the detection limit <15, 29, and <40 for rice; 19, 23, and 64 for wheat; 47, 40, and 95 for corn; 65, 23, and 106 for soybeans; and 59, 22, and <40 for potatoes, respectively. Significant differences were found in the As and Cd contents of the different wheat cultivars. The levels of As, Cd, and Pb found in the studied crops are well below the values reported in the literature and are in accordance with the Codex Alimentarius and the European Union and Brazilian guidelines, indicating that the concentrations of these elements in the crops do not pose a risk to human health