Engineering Framework to Transfer the Lower Bound Fracture Toughness between Different Temperatures in the DBTT Region

AbstractIn this paper, an engineering framework to transfer the lower bound fracture toughness between different temperatures in the ductile–to–brittle (DBTT) temperature region is proposed and validated for 0.55% carbon steel using 0.5TSE(B) specimens. The framework requires only stress–strain curve for different temperatures as experimental data. The approach was based on the authors’ finding that the critical stress σ22c of the modified Ritchie–Knott–Rice criterion (the criterion predicts onset of cleavage fracture of a material in the DBTT transition temperature region, when the mid-plane crack-opening stress σ22 measured at a distance from the crack-tip equal to four times the crack-tip opening displacement δt, denoted as σ22d, exceeds a critical value σ22c) seems to be correlated with the lower bound fracture toughness for a specific specimen configuration. The proposed approach is expected to overcome some inconveniences which recent studies have reported to the Master Curve Local approaches to cleavage fracture that the Weibull parameters vary with size and temperature and are different from those stated in the Master Curve

A New and Primitive Barnacle (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha) from the North Fiji Basin Abyssal Hydrothermal Field, and Its Evolutionary Implications

A new sessile barnacle, Eochionelasmus ohtai, n. gen., n. sp., has been discovered associated with an abyssal hydrothermal vent at 1990m depth in the North Fiji Basin, Southwest Pacific. The genus is distinguished from its closest and bathyal relative, Chionelasmus, in having distinct, multiple whorls of basal imbricating plates. These and other characters render it the most primitive living member of the suborder Balanomorpha. Knowledge of the organization of its shell, and of the ontogeny of the shell wall in Chionelasmus, profoundly alters our understanding of the evolution of balanomorph barnacles, and a new hypothesis is proposed. Two previously described abyssal hydrothermal barnacles also proved to represent the most primitive living members of their suborder s: Scalpellomorpha and Verrucomorpha. It may be puzzling why three such antiquated morphologies should have persisted in association with abyssal hydrothermal springs while their antecedents became extinct elsewhere. However, barnacles are noted f(or their adaptability to a wide range of habitats including rigorous environments such as estuaries, the highest intertidal, and the effluent from power plants. The notable feature here, in contrast to their conservative but distinctly different shell morphologies, is the uniquely convergent adaptation of their setose feeding mechanism to vent-related food sources

Insight into single cell cloning in serum-free media

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been used as host cells for the manufacturing of therapeutic recombinant proteins over the past decade. It is thought that the development of high performance cell lines, which satisfy both productivity and regulatory expectations, is one of the key success drivers to establish good manufacturing processes. The cell line for the clinical and commercial productions should be derived from a single progenitor or clone, and so the single cell cloning is an essential step during the cell line development. Recently serum-free media have been widely applied for this step. But under such conditions, the cloning efficiency varies significantly among the clones. This might be because the serum-free conditions can be stressful for the CHO cells exposed to such an unexpected cloning process. In this study, we performed re-cloning from two pre-cloned cell lines to evaluate the impact of serum-free cloning on the resulting cell line characteristics; various parameters such as cell growth, productivity, fed-batch culture performance, product quality and cell stability were evaluated. As a result, most of the clones showed exactly the same performance before and after the cloning process, but some clones did not. The detail of these results will be presented and also the proper evaluation to be needed during cell line development, especially after the single cell isolation, will be discusse

Fundamental Study to Create a Joint Modeling Bringing up a Skill to Build a Relationship in a Childcare Facility

近年の社会変化により，子どもの遊びには変化が見られ，主体性を発揮して夢中になれる活動や，友達とやりとりをしながら創造性を発揮する機会が，必要とされている。つまり，遊びを通した子ども同士の関わりは，道徳性・社会性を育み，人間関係形成能力を育むための重要な課題であると指摘できる。人間関係形成能力を育むための活動の１つとして，共同造形制作が考えられる。本論では，子ども同士の関わりを作る造形表現活動の実践は，１人では作ることができない大きな作品で，アイデアを多く必要とする「寄せがき方式」の制作遊びを設定して行うことが望ましいと考えられる。創造的な遊びには，子どもにとって友達とイメージを共有して作る要素が多く，テーマや色や形を工夫していくことができると考える。Due to recent social changes, we can see changes in how children play and it is required to have activities that they can really into by exercising independence or opportunities in which they can exercise creativity by communicating with friends. Accordingly, we can indicate that communication among children through playing will be an important issue to grow morality and sociality as well as growing skills to build a relationship. As one of activities to grow skills to build a relationship, we can consider a joint modeling. In this study, we consider that practices of activities to express modeling that build a relationship among children should be a big work that cannot be created alone therefore it is desirable to proceed such practices by setting a play to create a “message method” that require a lot of ideas. Creative play has many elements created by sharing images with friends for children and we consider that they can devise themes, colors, and shapes

Product analysis of caffeic acid oxidation by on-line electrochemistry/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

AbstractOn-line electrochemistry/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EC/ESI-MS) was developed using a microflow electrolytic cell. This technique was applied to electrochemical oxidation of caffeic acid (CAF) which is known to be a highly antioxidative agent. Effects of electrolytic potentials on ion intensities of product ions and on electrolytic currents were examined at different pHs. Dimer products were detected at electrolytic potentials of E = 0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and trimer products at 1.0 V at pH 9. Dimer products were distinguished from hydrogen-bonded complexes by MS/MS experiments. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments determined the number of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in the Dimers formed by electrolysis. The mechanism of oxidative polymerization of CAF is discussed with speculation as to the structure of the dimer product