Global Supply for Carbon Sequestration: Identifying Least-Cost Afforestation Sites Under Country Risk Consideration

We have provided a framework for Identifying least-cost sites for carbon sequestration and deriving carbon sequestration cost curves at a global level in a scenario of limited information. The method is based on determining sequestration costs for geographical explicit units (50km grid cells), based on GIS parameters on land-use and ecosystem properties, and aggregated economic data. Special attention is given to country risk considerations and the sensitivity to special datasets. Our model results suggest that within 20 years and considering a carbon price of $50/tC, afforestation could offset one year of global carbon emissions in the energy sector. However, if we account for country risk considerations - associated with political, economic and and financial risks - the carbon supply is reduced to about 60%. With respect to the geography of supply, illustrated by grid-scale maps, we find that most least-cost projects projects are located in Africa, South America and Asia, assuming a 5% discount rate without risk. Once risk is factored into the equation, these countries become more expensive to operate in

CH 600 History of Methodism

1999. -Norwood, Frederick A., The Story of American Methodism, Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1974. -Rowe, Kenneth E., United Methodist Studies: Basic Bibliographies, Third edition, Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1992. (Note: This book is for reference, future consolation on specific subjects, and use in your used book store browsings.)https://place.asburyseminary.edu/syllabi/3460/thumbnail.jp

Public opinion on bioenergy - Eco-model cities' new strategies for reaching a low-carbon society in Japan

The purpose of this study was to contribute to filling the knowledge gap in public opinion and knowledge about forest and its certification in Japan, as well as to identify key elements and the possible role of public opinion within integrated bottom-up policies, bridging the sectors of forest, environment and energy. This article compares the public opinion of two rural towns in Japan, one of which is located in northern Hokkaido, whereas the other town is located on the southern Main Island Shikoku. Both municipalities had been identified as an optimal case study location and selected because of their early decision to pursue forest management certification and because both towns had been awarded the status of a Japanese "Eco-Model Cities" - to encourage the creation of low-carbon communities - in 2008 and 2009. In order to test the basic knowledge and information needs of the public, a questionnaire-based drop-off survey was conducted in early 2007 and mid 2009 respectively among all households of the two rural towns. The questionnaire was divided into 5 sections (general info, forest, forest management, bioenergy, and information needs) in each of which up to 15 questions were asked with main focus on forest certification and biomass for bio-energy. The answers were made on a 4/5 point scale, or in dichotomous-choice form and analyzed by using SPSS. Gaining better knowledge about what the public thinks regarding bioenergy and the environment is seen to be crucial for the design of future policies for integrating a range of discrete and sectoral approaches such as energy supply-demand measures, energy-efficient buildings, traffic measures, waste disposal measures and forest protection. Finally, this study describes and interprets differences and similarities in the public opinion of both Eco-Model Cities in Japan where bioenergy production and forest management certification plays an important role. Forest certification and bioenergy from forest were identified as key elements for future integrated bottom-up policies that need to concentrate on facilitating the linkage between forestry and renewable energy as well as on promoting environmentally sound management and forest certification

Comment on "Localized behavior near the Zn impurity in YBa2Cu4O8 as measured by nuclear quadrupole resonance"

Williams and Kramer [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 64}, 104506 (2001)] have recently argued against the existence of staggered magnetic moments residing on several lattice sites around Zn impurities in YBCO superconductors. This claim, which is in line with an earlier publication by Williams, Tallon and Dupree [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 61}, 4319 (2000)], is however in contradiction with a large body of experimental data from different NMR groups. On the contrary, the authors argue in favor of a very localized spin and charge density on Cu sites first neighbors to Zn. We show that the conclusions of Williams and Kramer arise from erroneous interpretations of NMR and NQR data.Comment: 4 page

Operational Semantics of Process Monitors

CSPe is a specification language for runtime monitors that can directly express concurrency in a bottom-up manner that composes the system from simpler, interacting components. It includes constructs to explicitly flag failures to the monitor, which unlike deadlocks and livelocks in conventional process algebras, propagate globally and aborts the whole system's execution. Although CSPe has a trace semantics along with an implementation demonstrating acceptable performance, it lacks an operational semantics. An operational semantics is not only more accessible than trace semantics but also indispensable for ensuring the correctness of the implementation. Furthermore, a process algebra like CSPe admits multiple denotational semantics appropriate for different purposes, and an operational semantics is the basis for justifying such semantics' integrity and relevance. In this paper, we develop an SOS-style operational semantics for CSPe, which properly accounts for explicit failures and will serve as a basis for further study of its properties, its optimization, and its use in runtime verification

Acridine Orange for malaria diagnosis: Its diagnostic performance, its promotion and implementation in Tanzania, and the implications for malaria control

One hundred years ago, Giemsa\u27s stain was employed for the first time for malaria diagnosis. Giemsa staining continues to be the method of choice in most malarious countries, although, in the recent past, several alternatives have been developed that exhibit some advantages. Considerable progress has been made with fluorescent dyes, particularly with Acridine Orange (AO). The literature on the discovery, development and validation of the AO method for malaria diagnosis is reviewed here. Compared with conventional Giemsa staining, AO shows a good diagnostic performance, with sensitivities of 81.3%-100% and specificities of 86.4%-100%. However, sensitivities decrease with lower parasite densities, and species differentiation may occasionally be difficult. The most notable advantage of the AO method over Giemsa staining is its promptness; results are readily available within 3-10 min, whereas Giemsa staining may take 45 min or even longer. This is an important advantage for the organization of health services and the provision of effective treatment of malaria cases. The national malaria control programme of Tanzania, together with the Japan International Co-operation Agency, began to introduce the AO method in Tanzania in 1994. So far, AO staining has been introduced in 70 regional and district hospitals, and 400 laboratory technicians have been trained to use the method. The results of this introduction, which are reviewed here and have several important implications, indicate that AO is a viable alternative technique for the laboratory diagnosis of malaria in highly endemic countries

The effects of Zn Impurity on the Properties of Doped Cuprates in the Normal State

We study the interplay of quantum impurity, and collective spinon and holon dynamics in Zn doped high-T$_c$ cuprates in the normal state. The two-dimensional t-t$^{\prime}$-J models with one and a small amount of Zn impurity are investigated within a numerical method based on the double-time Green function theory. We study the inhomogeneities of holon density and antiferromagnetic correlation background in cases with different Zn concentrations, and obtain that doped holes tend to assemble around the Zn impurity with their mobility being reduced. Therefore a bound state of holon is formed around the nonmagnetic Zn impurity with the effect helping Zn to introduce local antiferromagnetism around itself. The incommensurate peaks we obtained in the spin structure factor indicate that Zn impurities have effects on mixing the q=($\pi$, $\pi$) and q=0 components in spin excitations.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure