アメリカ刑事法の調査研究(175) Andrus v. Texas, 590 U.S. ___, 140 S.Ct. 1875 (2020)

application/pdf被告人に死刑が量刑されたが，公判の弁護人が被告人の成育歴等について十分な調査を行っていなかったために減軽事由に関する証拠を提出できていなかったという事案において，効果的な弁護を受ける権利の侵害を認めるために必要なStricklandの基準を充たさないとした下級裁判所の判断は，防御上の不利益の基準につき適切に検討を行っていないとして事件を破棄・差し戻したAndrus v. Texas, 590 U.S. ___, 140 S.Ct. 1875 (2020)を紹介し，法廷意見の判断の背景について考察を加えた。departmental bulletin pape

Field-Induced Spin Nematic Liquid of the S=1/2S=1/2 Bond-Alternating Chain with the Anisotropy

The $S=1/2$ ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic bond-alternating spin chain with the anisotropy on the ferromagnetic exchange interaction in magnetic field is investigated using the numerical diagonalization and the density matrix renormalization group analyses. It is found that the nematic-spin-dominant Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid phase is induced by the external magnetic field for sufficiently large anisotropy. The phase diagram with respect to the anisotropy and the magnetization is presented.Comment: to be published in JPS Conf. Pro

A novel model of semiconductor laser operation under strong optical feedback

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科電子科学金沢大学工学部A novel model of semiconductor laser operation under strong optical feedback was proposed. The numerical integration was performed by applying the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm using a time interval of 5 ps. Periodic variations of the output power were shown in some operating conditions. It was found that the laser exhibited continuous wave (CW), chaos and pulsing operation depending on the operating conditions

An improved analysis of semiconductor laser dynamics under strong optical feedback

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科金沢大学工学部We present an improved theoretical model to analyze dynamics and operation of semiconductor lasers under optical feedback (OFB). The model is applicable for arbitrary strength of OFB ranging from weak to very strong. The model has been applied to investigate the dynamics and operation of lasers over wide ranges of OFB and injection current. An improved set of modified rate equations of lasers operating under OFB were proposed. We introduced a theoretical model to determine the power emitted from both the laser back facet and external reflector. The results showed that the operation of semiconductor lasers is classified into continuous wave, chaotic, and pulsing operations, depending on the operating conditions. The light versus current characteristics were examined in the operating regions of the classified operations. Under strong OFB, we predicted for the first time pulsing operation of lasers at injection currents well above the threshold. We observed the pulsing operation in experiments in good correspondence with the simulated results

A Clinical Trial Evaluating the Usefulness of Tailored Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Using Rectal-culture Screening Media Prior to Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial

The aim of this report is to introduce an on-going, multicenter, randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether tailored antimicrobial prophylaxis guided by rectal culture screening prevents acute bacterial prostatitis following transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB). Patients will be randomized into an intervention or non-intervention group; tazobactam-piperacillin or levofloxacin will be prophylactically administered according to the results of rectal culture prior to TRPB in the intervention group whereas levofloxacin will be routinely given in the non-intervention group. The primary endpoint is the occurrence rate of acute bacterial prostatitis after TRPB. Recruitment begins in April, 2021 and the target total sample size is 5,100 participants

A distinct subtype of Epstein-Barr virus-positive T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder: adult patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection-like features

The characteristics of adult patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection are poorly recognized, hindering early diagnosis and an improved prognosis. We studied 54 patients with adult-onset chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection diagnosed between 2005 and 2015. Adult onset was defined as an estimated age of onset of 15 years or older. To characterize the clinical features of these adults, we compared them to those of 75 pediatric cases (estimated age of onse

Association between alkaline phosphatase and hypertension in a rural Japanese population: The Nagasaki Islands study

Background: Although serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels have been associated with hypertension, and ALP is known as an enzyme affected by alcohol consumption, no study has been published on the associations between ALP and the risk of hypertension in relation to drinking status.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2,681 participants (837 men and 1,846 women) aged 30 to 89 years undergoing a general health check-up to investigate the associations between ALP and hypertension in relation to drinking status.Results: Of the 2,681 participants, 1,549 (514 men and 1,035 women) were diagnosed with hypertension. A sex difference was observed for the relationship between ALP and hypertension. While no significant association was observed for men, the association was significantly positive for women. The multivariable adjusted odds ratio and 95% coincidence interval (CI) of hypertension per increment of 1-log ALP were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.56 to 1.59) for men and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.07 to 2.33) for women. When this analysis was restricted to nondrinkers, a significantly elevated risk of hypertension was observed for men and remained significant for women; that is, 3.32 (95% CI: 1.38 to 8.02) for men and 1.68 (95% CI: 1.11 to 2.55) for women.Conclusion: ALP is associated with hypertension for both male and female nondrinkers, but not for drinkers. For analyses of associations between ALP and blood pressure, alcohol consumption should thus be considered a potential confounder

Characterization of the Feedback Induced Noise in Semiconductor Laser under Superposition of High Frequency Current

大学院自然科学研究科電子科