Characterization of the Shear-Induced Potential (SIP) in Clay and the Application to Landslide Sites

Electrical polarizations were observed in common fine soil aggregates in shear deformation tests and simulations conducted in a laboratory. This electric potential is called Shear-induced Potential (SIP). The SIP can be interpreted as the physicochemical interaction between the surface of clay particles and interstitial water by the kinetics of the electric double layer. The SIP could not be detected in a remolded craft clay sample, which was possibly treated with electrically non-dipole oil. In the laboratory, a plane strain test under the un-drained condition was carried out to reveal the characteristics of the polarization accompanying the shear deformation. Gouges from the active faults were remolded with saline water and consolidated axially under the condition of K0 as the test specimen. The polarities of the electric charges induced at the surfaces of the specimens were positive, neutral and negative for the maximum (tensional), intermediate and minimum principal strain axial planes, respectively. In addition, in-situ observations of the spontaneous potential (SP) were performed at gravitationally unstable sites to verify the results obtained in the laboratory. The characteristic distributions of the charge and time variation of SP were consistent with the pattern observed by the scaled model experiments in the laboratory

Ionic Conduction at Interfaces of Solid Electrolytes and Electrodes

ナノダイナミクス国際シンポジウム 平成22年1月21日(木) 於長崎大学Nagasaki Symposium on Nano-Dynamics 2010 (NSND2010), January 21, 2010, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Invited Lectur

Electric Double Layer Capacitors on Hierarchical Porous Carbons

Nagasaki Symposium on Nano-Dynamics 2008 (NSND2008) 平成20年1月29日(火)於長崎大学 Poster Presentatio

Lithium Depletion in the Solid Electrolyte Adjacent to Cathode Materials

Nanocomposites of lithium ion conductors (Li2SiO3 and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3) and electrode materials (TiO2, Li0.01TiO2 and FePO4) were prepared to investigate interfacial structure and ionic conductivity at the interface between solid electrolytes and electrode materials. It was revealed that lithium ions in the solid electrolytes were attracted to the cathode materials with increasing electrode potential, which increases lithium vacancies in solid electrolytes. For the FePO4 containing composites, due to the high electrode potential, lithium transfer across the interface and ionic conduction through the cathode materials was remarkable. The results suggest that severe lithium depletion occurs and interfacial resistance is large at the interface of high ionic conductors and cathode materials.Interfaces and Interphases in Battery Systems - PRiME 2012; Honolulu, HI; United States; 7 October 2012 ～ 12 October 201

Preparation of Organic-Inorganic Nano-Composite Electrolyte Membrane for Intermediate-Temperature PEFCs

ナノダイナミクス国際シンポジウム 平成22年1月21日(木) 於長崎大学Nagasaki Symposium on Nano-Dynamics 2010 (NSND2010), January 21, 2010, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Invited Lectur

Ecology of Traditional Padi Fanning in West Malaysia

Abstract West Malaysia is divided into seven padi regions: (I) the Ke1antan-Trengganu marginal hills, (2) the upper and middle Perak region, (3) the Kelantan-Trengganu alluvial plain, (4) the Kedah marginal plain, (5) the west coastal plain, (6) the Melaka-Negrisembilan-Kuala Lipis zone, and (7) the middle and lower Pahang region. The Kelantan-Trengganu marginal hills (I) and the upper and middle Perak region (2) have, besides wet padi, upland padi including that grown by shifting cultivation. The Kelantan~Trengganualluvial plain (3) is a large wet-padi region, while in the Kedah marginal plain (4) padi is grown only in small mountain valleys. In these two regions the plough is very widely used. The traditional farming of the west coastal plain (5) is characteriz"ed by the use of the tajak, or heavy metal blade for land preparation, and d.ouble " "transplanting. The Melaka-Negrisembilan-Kuala Lipis zone (6) is a southern extension of the Kedah marginal plain, made up of a series of small mountain valleys. In this region the changkul, or hoe, is more widely used than the plough. In the middle and lower Pahang region (7), padi fields occupy the small branch-stream valleys of the Pahang river, forming scattered small clusters. The main tools for land preparation are the tajak and the parang, vestiges of the earlier shifting cultivation. The plough is used in the Kelantan-Trengganu alluvial plain (3) and the Kedah marginal plain (4) since soil conditions are suited to plough operation in these fluvial plains. The rest of West Malaysia is dominated by swamp, and here the tajak is most suitable for preparing the land for transplanting, since the soil in the swampy lowland is too loose and full of woody debris for plough operation. In a wider geographical frame, the plough is said to have been introduced from continental Southeast Asia via the series of fluvial plains along the eastern coast of the Malay peninsula southward to the Kelantan-Trengganu plain; the tajak has been extending from the perhumid part of insular Southeast Asia along the swampy western coast of the peninsula northward to the mouth of the Ganges. Genealogically, padi farming with the plough can be regarded as the traditional wet-padi farming originated in the continental part of Asia, whereas padi farming with the tajak is affinitive to shifting cultivation, although today it is true wet-padi farming

Rapid Synthesis and Charge?Discharge Properties of LiMnPO4 Nanocrystallite-embedded Porous Carbons

LiMnPO4 nanocrystallite-embedded porous carbons were successfully synthesized within a few minutes by a microwave-heating process. The nanocomposites showed higher charge?discharge capacity and better rate capability than bulk-LiMnPO4 particles synthesized in a similar manner without porous carbons

Rate capability of lithium intercalation into nano-porous graphitized carbons

Nano-porous graphitized carbons were successfully prepared by using mono-dispersed SiO2 colloidal crystal as a template and mesophase pitch as a carbon source with final heat treatment temperatures (HTT) of 1000?2500 °C. Rate capability of lithium intercalation/de-intercalation of the nano-porous graphitized carbons was investigated. 35?60% of capacities were retained when the current density was increased from 37.2 mA g? 1 to 372 mA g? 1. Electrochemical impedance spectra indicated that formation of SEI layers caused increased polarization