Investigation of Supra-Harmonics through Signal Processing Methods in Smart Grids

Nowadays supra-harmonic distortion studies are gaining attention day by day in power quality research area. When handling communication systems especially Power Line Carrier (PLC) systems in frequency range 2- 150 kHz, they are suitable for causing electromagnetic interference (EMI) to other systems. This study shows results of analysis employing advanced method called ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) to describe supra-harmonic distortion. Unlike the traditional method (short time fourier transform- STFT), EEMD gives extensive representation for supra-harmonic component

An Implementation of Exploratory Start for Power Quality Disturbance Pattern Recognition

Identification of system disturbances and detection of them guarantees smart grids power quality system reliability and long lasting life of the power system. The key goal of this study is to generate non - time consuming features for CPU, for recognizing different types of non-stationary and non-linear smart grid faults based on signal processing techniques. This paper proposes a new solution for real time power system monitoring against power quality faults focusing on voltage sag and noise. EEMD is used for noise reduction with first intrinsic mode function (imf1). Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) is used for generating instantaneous amplitude (IA) and instantaneous frequency (IF) feature of real time voltage sag power signal. The proposed power system monitoring system is able to detect power system voltage sag disturbances and capable of recognize and remove EMI (Electromagnetic Interference)-Noise.  In this study based on experimental studies, Hilbert Huang based pattern recognition technique was used to investigate power signal to diagnose voltage sag in power grid. SVM and Decision Tree (C4.5) were operated and their achievements were matched for calculation error and CPU time. According to the analysis, decision tree algorithm without dimensionality reduction produces the best solution

Effect of egg weight on development, bone morphology, and breast muscle histology of embryos from fast-and slow-growing strains

The present study aimed to determine the impact of egg weight on embryonic development, breast muscle histology, and bone morphology of fast- and slow-growing embryos and chicks. For this purpose, total 192 eggs from fast-(Ross 308) (FG) and slow-growing (Hubbard JA) (SG) broiler breeders were used. Eggs were classified as medium (64 +/- 1 g, Megg) and heavy (72 +/- 1 g, Hegg) eggs. At 18 days of incubation, egg weight loss, embryo weight, embryo length, breast width and length, yolk sac weight, and bone morphometric parameters were measured and breast muscle histology were studied. The same measurements were repeated on the day of the hatch. Although yolk utilization of FG embryos from Hegg and Megg was similar, SG-Megg embryos were more efficient than SG-Hegg at utilizing of yolk nutrients at 18 days of the embryogenesis and the day of the hatch. On the day of hatch, Hegg chicks were heavier than Megg regardless of the strain. Embryos and chicks from FG-Hegg had more fiber area than those from SG-Hegg whereas embryos from Megg were not influenced by strain. Higher capillary number and capillary to fiber ratio was found in FG-Hegg embryos than those from FG-Megg. At hatch, the FG embryos had wider tibia and shank at 18 days and heavier tibia, femur, and shank compared to SG. Egg weight affected relative bones weight, being chicks from Megg heavier than those from Hegg. Lower tibia ash content was found in Hegg chicks. It is concluded that Hegg may be an advantage for a larger fiber area and capillary density. However, lighter femur, tibia, and shank of Hegg chicks with lower tibia ash content than those from Megg regardless of strain may indicate that heavier eggs could negatively affect bone properties of chicks

Pre ve Post Embriyonik Dönemdeki Civcivlerin Kalp Ventrikülleri ve Purkinje Hücrelerine Histokimyasal Bir Yaklaşım

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of egg weight and growth rate of breeders on heart ventricle wall, conduction system and Purkinje cells in embryos and chicks. For this purpose, chicken eggs obtained from fast-growing Ross 308 and slow-growing Hubbard JA broiler breeders were divided into two groups as light (64 +/- 1g) and heavy (72 +/- 1g) eggs. The ventricle wall, conduction system and Purkinje cells were examined by applying different histochemical dyes to the longitudinal sections of the heart ventricles taken on the 18th and 21st days of the incubation. Genotype growth rate and egg weight did not cause any difference in the histology of the heart ventricles. The formation of inter-myofibrillar space and collagen-myofibril density difference were observed in the ventricular walls, which was thought to be due to the embryonic development. The use of different histochemical dyes in a histological study allows the examination of different structures following the embryonic development of organisms

Effect of breeder age and lighting regimen on growth performance, organ weights, villus development, and bursa of fabricius histological structure in broiler chickens

WOS: 000354765400004This study was carried out to investigate the effect of breeder age and lighting regimen on performance, some organ weights, villus development, and bursa of fabricius histological structure in broiler chickens. A total of 384 one-day-old chicks were obtained from two Ross broiler breeder flocks at 32 (young; Y) and 49 (old, O) weeks of age. Chicks from each breeder age were reared under 18 h light : 6 h dark (18 L : 6 D) (control; CL) or 14 L : 4 D : 2 L : 4 D (split darkness, SD). Body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality were measured weekly during the experiment. At 21 days of age, liver, heart, spleen, and bursa of fabricius weights were recorded, gastrointestinal tract and jejunum lengths were measured, and histomorphometry of villi and bursa of fabricius structure were investigated. Interaction between breeder age and lighting regimen was observed, where Y-CL chicks had the lightest body weight from 7 to 35 days (P < 0.05). Neither breeder age nor lighting regimen influenced feed conversion ratio. SD chicks had longer (P < 0.05) gastrointestinal tract and jejunum, and wider villus in comparison to CL chicks. Lower relative spleen weight was observed in CL chicks compared to SD ones (P < 0.05). It was concluded that split darkness lighting regimen could be used for broiler chickens from young breeders to improve live body weight without affecting feed conversion ratio.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK)The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) is deeply acknowledged for its support through the Research Fellowship Program for Foreign Citizens

Effect of breeder age and slaughter weight on meat quality traits of broiler breast and leg meats

WOS: 000343726200002The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breeder age (28-wk vs. 48-wk of age breeders) on meat quality traits of breast and leg meats of broilers slaughtered at 1800, 2100 and 2400 g weights. The pH(24), colour, thawing and cooking loss, texture, initial protein solubility and myofibril dimensions were measured. Slaughter weight affected pH(24), lightness, thawing and cooking loss and protein solubilities of broiler breast and leg meat. Tenderness of leg meat decreased with slaughter weight. Breast meat from 48-wk breeders lost more water during thawing. A significant breeder age by slaughter weight interaction showed that the increases in initial myofibrillar protein solubility of breast meat and both initial myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein solubilities of leg meat with slaughter weight were higher in broilers from 28-wk breeders than those from 48-wk breeders There was negative correlation between breast meat pH(24) and L*, b*, and thawing loss whereas leg meat pH(24) was positively correlated with a*, negatively correlated with b*, texture, thawing and cooking loss. A negative correlation was found between cooking loss and myofibrillar protein solubilities of breast meat. The results suggested that breeder age may affect thawing loss of breast meat and total initial protein solubility of both breast and leg meats. Higher myofibrillar protein solubility found for breast and leg meat of broilers from 28-wk breeders may indicate better functional qualities.Ege UniversityEge University [2009-ZRF-070]This project was funded by the Ege University Scientific Research Projects Fund (2009-ZRF-070)