RING finger 138 deregulation distorts NF-кB signaling and facilities colitis switch to aggressive malignancy

Prolonged activation of nuclear factor (NF)-кB signaling significantly contributes to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). New therapeutic opportunities are emerging from targeting this distorted cell signaling transduction. Here, we discovered the critical role of RING finger 138 (RNF138) in CRC tumorigenesis through regulating the NF-кB signaling, which is independent of its Ubiquitin-E3 ligase activity involved in DNA damage response. RNF138(−/−) mice were hyper-susceptible to the switch from colitis to aggressive malignancy, which coincided with sustained aberrant NF-кB signaling in the colonic cells. Furthermore, RNF138 suppresses the activation of NF-кB signaling pathway through preventing the translocation of NIK and IKK-Beta Binding Protein (NIBP) to the cytoplasm, which requires the ubiquitin interaction motif (UIM) domain. More importantly, we uncovered a significant correlation between poor prognosis and the downregulation of RNF138 associated with reinforced NF-кB signaling in clinical settings, raising the possibility of RNF138 dysregulation as an indicator for the therapeutic intervention targeting NF-кB signaling. Using the xenograft models built upon either RNF138-dificient CRC cells or the cells derived from the RNF138-dysregulated CRC patients, we demonstrated that the inhibition of NF-кB signaling effectively hampered tumor growth. Overall, our work defined the pathogenic role of aberrant NF-кB signaling due to RNF138 downregulation in the cascade events from the colitis switch to colonic neoplastic transformation and progression, and also highlights the possibility of targeting the NF-кB signaling in treating specific subtypes of CRC indicated by RNF138-ablation

DoS Attack Detection and Defense on SDN Controller

With the development of the Internet, the flexibility and manageability problems of traditional network architecture have become increasingly prominent. To solve this problem, Software Defined Network (SDN) was born in recent years. The core idea of SDN is to decouple the data forwarding layer and the control layer, which makes SDN centralized, expandable, and programmable. The core services, important configuration, and other functions of SDN are deployed on the SDN controller, which is conducive to the centralization of network management but also introduces threats to network security. If the SDN controller is attacked, it will affect the coverage of the controller. The entire network, in extreme cases, will be paralyzed. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the SDN network architecture, OpenFlow protocol, and the principle of DoS attacks, this project proposed and implemented two DoS detection and mitigation methods. The first one uses the Ryu controller, sFlow, and Postman to visualize and drop DoS attack traffic. The second method is a DoS attack automatic detection algorithm with a POX controller

Drought Stress-Related Gene Identification in Rice by Random Walk with Restart on Multiplex Biological Networks

Drought stress-related gene identification is vital in revealing the drought resistance mechanisms underlying rice and for cultivating rice-resistant varieties. Traditional methods, such as Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), usually identify hundreds of candidate stress genes, and further validation by biological experiements is then time-consuming and laborious. However, computational and prioritization methods can effectively reduce the number of candidate stress genes. This study introduces a random walk with restart algorithm (RWR), a state-of-the-art guilt-by-association method, to operate on rice multiplex biological networks. It explores the physical and functional interactions between biological molecules at different levels and prioritizes a set of potential genes. Firstly, we integrated a Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) network, constructed by multiple protein interaction data, with a gene coexpression network into a multiplex network. Then, we implemented the RWR on multiplex networks (RWR-M) with known drought stress genes as seed nodes to identify potential drought stress-related genes. Finally, we conducted association analysis between the potential genes and the known drought stress genes. Thirteen genes were identified as rice drought stress-related genes, five of which have been reported in the recent literature to be involved in drought stress resistance mechanisms

Morphologyı morphogenesisı and molecular phylogeny of a soil ciliateı Gonostomum kuehnelti Foissnerı 1987 (Ciliophoraı Hypotrichia), from northwestern China

Ning, Yingzhi, Chen, Lingyun, Sheng, Yalan, Zhang, Huiru, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Huang, Jie (2019): Morphologyı morphogenesisı and molecular phylogeny of a soil ciliateı Gonostomum kuehnelti Foissnerı 1987 (Ciliophoraı Hypotrichia), from northwestern China. Journal of Natural History 53 (19): 1169-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.163477

DNA methylome and transcriptome identified Key genes and pathways involved in Speckled Eggshell formation in aged laying hens

Abstract Background The quality of poultry eggshells is closely related to the profitability of egg production. Eggshell speckles reflect an important quality trait that influences egg appearance and customer preference. However, the mechanism of speckle formation remains poorly understood. In this study, we systematically compared serum immune and antioxidant indices of hens laying speckled and normal eggs. Transcriptome and methylome analyses were used to elucidate the mechanism of eggshell speckle formation. Results The results showed that seven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the normal and speckle groups. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the expressed genes were mainly enriched in the calcium signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and MAPK signaling pathway. Additionally, 282 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were detected, of which 15 genes were associated with aging, including ARNTL, CAV1, and GCLC. Pathway analysis showed that the DMGs were associated with T cell-mediated immunity, response to oxidative stress, and cellular response to DNA damage stimulus. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and DNA methylation data identified BFSP2 as the only overlapping gene, which was expressed at low levels and hypomethylated in the speckle group. Conclusions Overall, these results indicate that aging- and immune-related genes and pathways play a crucial role in the formation of speckled eggshells, providing useful information for improving eggshell quality

One-Pot Synthesis of Mo⁰ Dinitrogen Complexes Possessing Monodentate and Multidentate Phosphine Ligands

Mo⁰ dinitrogen complexes bearing electron-rich mono- and bidentate phosphines can be synthesized in good yields from inexpensive and readily accessible MoCl₅ via a one-step mild reduction with Mg metal. <i>trans</i>-[(N₂)₂Mo­(PMePh₂)­(PPh­(CH₂CH₂PPh₂)₂)] can also be obtained via this strategy. However, in the presence of tri- and tetradentate ligands that are sterically restrictive, the analogous reduction leads to either (η⁶-arene) formation or [Mo­(multidentate phosphine)_<i>m</i>]_<i>n</i> oligomer complexes that have no dinitrogen ligands. One such η⁶-arene complex, where the Mo⁰ center is ligated by 1,1,1-tris­(diphenylphosphinomethyl)­ethane, was isolated and characterized via X-ray crystallography

One-Pot Synthesis of Mo⁰ Dinitrogen Complexes Possessing Monodentate and Multidentate Phosphine Ligands

Mo⁰ dinitrogen complexes bearing electron-rich mono- and bidentate phosphines can be synthesized in good yields from inexpensive and readily accessible MoCl₅ via a one-step mild reduction with Mg metal. <i>trans</i>-[(N₂)₂Mo­(PMePh₂)­(PPh­(CH₂CH₂PPh₂)₂)] can also be obtained via this strategy. However, in the presence of tri- and tetradentate ligands that are sterically restrictive, the analogous reduction leads to either (η⁶-arene) formation or [Mo­(multidentate phosphine)_<i>m</i>]_<i>n</i> oligomer complexes that have no dinitrogen ligands. One such η⁶-arene complex, where the Mo⁰ center is ligated by 1,1,1-tris­(diphenylphosphinomethyl)­ethane, was isolated and characterized via X-ray crystallography