Breaking the Vicious Cycle Between Migration and Environmental Degradation: The Role of Government

For many decades the world witnessed mass displacements. Migration can be either voluntary or forced depending on the reasons. Mass migration can be also due to climate changes that harden the living conditions. Since there is a bidirectional nexus between migration and environmental degradation, the dramatic increase of refugees, asylum seekers, and immigrants greatly affect the environment and conservation efforts. Globally, the movement of people has caused different types of ecosystem changes including deforestation, water, and air pollution, as well as increased waste. Furthermore, as a two-edged sword for conservation, urbanization and growing population cause increasing per capita demand for energy, goods, and services. In this chapter, migration and sudden-onset and slow-onset hazards, the correlation between migration and environmental degradation, environmental and economic effects on the destination, as well as the role of government during migration processes will be analyzed. © 2022, IGI Global. All rights reserved

Fusidik asit ve siprofloksasin ile indüklenen sıçan karaciğer mikrozomal sitokrom P-450' nin spektral değişikliklerinin karşılaştırılması

Fusidic acid and ciprofloxacin are antibacterial agents which have different structures and modes of action. in this study, the levels of binding of fusidic acid and ciprofloxacin as a substrate to rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 which is the most important oxidative biotransformation enzyme system was investigated. It was determined that ciprofloxacin showed more affinity as a substrate for cytochrome P-450 than fusidic acid.Bu çalışmada, farklı yapı ve etki mekanizmalarına sahip antibakteriyel ilaçlardan fusidik asit ve siprofloksasinin, önemli bir biyotransformasyon enzim sistemi olan sitokrom P-450 ile substrat olarak bağlanmaları sıçan karaciğer mikrozomlarında araştırılmıştır. Siprofloksasinin fusidik aside oranla sitokrom P-450'ye substrat olarak ilgisinin daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştı

Effects of Increasing Doses of Nitrogen and Different Zinc Application Methods on Dry Matter Yield and Element Concentrations at the Beginning of Flowering Stage of Quinoa Plant

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different doses of N (100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg kg-1) and different Zn application methods [non Zn application (Zn0), soil application of Zn (5 mg kg-1), soil + foliar application of Zn (5 mg kg-1 + 0.2%)] on shoot dry matter yield, N and Zn concentration of the shoot of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) at the beginning of flowering stage. The dry matter yield increased depending on increase in doses of N. These increases were determined as 11%, 16%, 35%, 31% and 20%, respectively, compared to the control application (50 mg N kg-1). The highest yield increase was at the rate of 500 mg kg-1 N, which was increased also at the subsequent treatments compared to the control, but insignificant decreases were seen compared to the 500 mg kg-1 N application. In parallel with the increase in N dose, the N concentration of the plant has also increased. Nitrogen concentration varied from 1.70 to 4.51% and increased by 31%, 148%, 153%, 161% and 165%, respectively, with increasing N applications. Unlike dry matter yield, the highest increase (88.9%) was determined in the application of 250 mg kg-1 N according to the previous application, and lower or close increments (4.5%, 2.3% and 2.2%) were detected in subsequent applications. It was determined that increasing doses of N and different Zn application methods increased Zn concentration in the plant and that the mean concentration varied between 42.2-51.3 mg kg-1. Plant Zn concentrates under all N doses applied were ranged as control<soil application of Zn <foliar application of Zn< soil + foliar application of Zn and the differences between Zn applications compared to control were statistically significant. It has been determined that the most suitable Zn application method was the application of Zn to the soil + leaf and increasing doses of N application and different Zn application methods increased the dry matter yield, N and Zn concentration of the shoot

Determination of the Effect of Boron Applications on Salt Damage in Sunflower

Tuzluluk, bitki yetiştiriciliğini kısıtlayan, dünyada ve Türkiye’de özellikle kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde görülen, bitkisel verimi sınırlandıran ve geniş alanların tarım dışı kalmasına neden olan ciddi bir tarımsal problemdir. Dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde bitki yetiştiriciliğinde ortaya çıkan bor (B) noksanlığı ülkemizde de önemli bir beslenme problemidir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda, B noksanlığı altında tuz stresinin yol açtığı zararın arttığı bildirilmiştir. Türkiye'nin en önemli yemeklik yağ bitkilerinden biri olan ayçiçeğinin B noksanlığına en duyarlı bitkilerden biri olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada ayçiçeğinde tuz zararının etkisinin azaltılması üzerine B uygulamasının etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla su kültüründe tuzlu ve tuzsuz koşullarda artan oranlarda B uygulaması altında iki ayçiçeği genotipi denenmiştir. Denemede bitkilerin kök ve yeşil aksam kuru madde verimi, B konsantrasyonu ve K/Na ve Ca/Na oranları belirlenmiştir. Denemeden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kontrol uygulamasına göre tuz ilavesinin yeşil aksam kuru madde verimini azalttığı, buna karşılık B uygulamalarının ise kontrol uygulamasına göre kuru madde verimini görülmüştür. Bitkinin tuz zararını gidermede B’un belirgin bir rolünün olmadığı ve tuzlu koşullarda bitkinin B alım düzeyinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlara ilave olarak B noksanlığına ve tuz toksisitesine karşı dayanıklılıkta ayçiçeği genotipleri arasında farklılıkların olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.Salinity is a serious agricultural problem restricting the cultivation of plants in the world and in Turkey, especially seen in arid and semi-arid regions, which limits crop yields and causing large areas remain non-agriculture. Boron (B) deficiency which arises in crop production in different parts of the world has also been shown to be an important nutritional problem in our country. It has been reported in studies carried out in recent years that damage caused by salt stress increased under B deficiency. Sunflower which is one of the Turkey's most important edible oil crops is known to be one of the most sensitive plants to B deficiency. In this study, two sunflower genotypes were tested in order to determine the effect of application B on reducing the effect of salt damage on sunflower under B application in saline and salt-free conditions in hydroponic culture. Dry matter yield of root and shoot of the plants, B concentration and K/Na and Ca/Na ratios were determined in the experiment. According to the results obtained from the experiment, it was seen that the salt addition decreased the dry matter yield of the control, whereas the B applications increased the yield compared to the control application. It has been understood that there is no significant role of B in alleviating of the salt damage and determined that B uptake level of the plant is increased in saline conditions. In addition to these results, differences in sunflower genotypes were observed in resistance to B deficiency and salt toxicit

Studies on Mefenamic Acid Microparticles: Formulation, In Vitro Release, and In Situ Studies in Rats

In this study, we investigated the in vitro characteristics of mefenamic acid (MA) microparticles as well as their effects on DNA damage. MA-loaded chitosan and alginate beads were prepared by the ionotropic gelation process. Microsponges containing MA and Eudragit RS 100 were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. The microparticles were characterized in terms of particle size, surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release profiles. Most of the formulation variables manifested an influence on the physical characteristics of the microparticles at varying degrees. We also studied the effects of MA, MA-loaded microparticles, and three different polymers on rat brain cortex DNA damage. Our results showed that DNA damage was higher in MA-loaded Eudragit microsponges than MA-loaded biodegradable chitosan or alginate microparticles