Representation of Maximally Regular Textures in Human Visual Cortex

This research was supported by National Science Foundation INSPIRE Grant 1248076, which was awarded to Y.L. and A.M.N.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Identification of structural control factors of primary gold ore occurrences by method of unmanned aeromagnetic survey by the example of the Neryungrisky district of Yakutia

The long-term development of the geophysical industry, in which the methods of magnetometry are in maximum demand, as the simplest in instrumental and methodological execution, has determined the development of remote measurement methods implemented both from space and airborne carriers. The necessity to use the latter as an obligatory component of field surveys, providing coverage of significant areas, determines the need for using the unmanned low-tonnage carriers. Their use is implemented to search for predictive elements of structural (spatial, genetic) control of endogenous gold ore occurrences that allow predictive constructions, i.e., solving the problem of increasing gold reserves, which is being performed within the framework of federal programs. The purpose of the survey is to develop a system of instrumental and subsequent interpretation approaches in the organization of unmanned magnetometer survey, implemented for structural and geological mapping by the example of the Neryungrinsky district of Yakutia. Within the framework of the digital model formation of the relief and the anomalous magnetic field, a survey method using an unmanned aircraft, its technical characteristics are considered; the analysis and the author's modification of the office analysis of magnetometry data are performed. Based on the obtained materials, a physical and geological model of the investigated area was created, which is presented in the form of a geological and structural cut, accompanied by the physical characteristics of the structural and material complexes. The refinement of the physical and geological model was implemented by a joint morphostructural analysis of the remote base and the anomalous magnetic field using the results of quantative interpretation of the anomalous magnetic field. The result of the study is presented by an updated geological basis with the allocation of promising ore sites for their detailing as part of the planned large-scale geological and geophysical surveys. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the synthesis of the tried and tested methods of unmanned aeromagnetometric measurements and geostructural reconstructions, which allow the processing of both potential and non-potential geofields

Quantitative interpretations of potential fields: from parametric to geostructural recalculations

The relevance. Need to development of an applied algorithm for combined interpretation of heterogeneous geophysical data based on unified physical analogy, focused on solving the inverse problem of potential theory. The wave approximation of the cross-section of mining massif fits into the paradigm of dissipative structuring of nonequilibrium media acts as a special case of the above analogy. The task of the study is to adapt this algorithm to recalculations of both potential and non-potential geofields. In the list of nonpotential geofields the remote sensing data and digital terrain model are the most interesting as the data with non-regulated access. Practical significance of the research is associated with the approbation of a family of algorithms in production projects of both geological and engineering nature. The aim. To minimize the family of equivalent solutions to the inverse problem by mutual verification of heterogeneous models of the anomaly-forming source. The objects. Development of the geofields combined interpretation algorithm and recalculation of geofields in depth for tracing elements of stratification and geological fractures. The methods. Formed by software and algorithmic development, which is based on deterministic analytical representations: computation of Cauchy integral, iterative application of direct solution, spectrum estimation. The results. Reduced to the set of parametric cross-sections derived with recalculations with minimum a priori geological information with final geological consideration. The combination of visualizations of analytical continuation, singular points and results of automated fitting admits the reconstruction of geostructural model of parametric cross-section with significant reliability. Extension of standard methods of quantitative interpretation by means of wave approximations includes quasi-seismic halftone visualizations verifying the mentioned reconstructions

Nutrition Management in Neurogenic Dysphagia

Neurogenic dysphagia is an increasingly common problem. This chapter describes current approaches to enteral nutrition in patients with neurogenic dysphagia. We have shown the possibilities and our experience of using diet with a measured degree of density, specialized thickeners for drinks and food, ready-made enteral mixtures. We also identified patients who need a nasogastric tube or gastrostomy

РАЗВИТИЕ ТЕОРИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИННОВАЦИЯМИ НА ОСНОВЕ ОБЩЕСИСТЕМНЫХ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТЕЙ

The problem of a comprehension of the innovation management theory and an ability of its development on basis of system theory is set up. The authors consider features of management of socio-economic systems as open, self-organising systems with active components and give a classification of the systems’ regularities illustrating these features. The need to take into account the regularities of emergent, hierarchical order, equifinality, Ashby’s law of requisite variety, historicity and self-organization is shown.Поставлена задача осмысления состояния теории управления инновациями и возможностей ее развития на основе теории систем. Рассматриваются особенности управления социально-экономическими системами как открытыми, самоорганизующимися системами с активными элементами и приведена классификация закономерностей систем, объясняющих эти особенности. Показана необходимость учета при выборе инноваций закономерностей эммерджентности, иерархической упорядоченности, эквифинальности, закона «необходимого разнообразия» У.Р. Эшби, историчности и самоорганизации

PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY WITH ULTRASONIC NAVIGATION AS A METHOD OF CHOICE TO PROVIDE ENTERAL NUTRITION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CRITICAL CONDITION

Цель. Анализ эффективности УЗ-навигации при чрескожной эндоскопической гастростомии для повышения безопасности метода обеспечения пути доставки энтерального питания.Материалы и методы. Чрескожная эндоскопическая гастростомия методикой «на себя» (pull), дополненная УЗ навигацией, была выполнена 115 пациентам с последствиями тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы (ЧМТ) и церебральными инсультами, находящимся в длительном (хроническом) критическом состоянии и имеющим стойкую дисфагию в период их реабилитации в ФНКЦ РР. Результаты. Все пациенты перенесли операцию удовлетворительно и уже через сутки могли получать энтеральное питание. У двух пациентов (1,7%) наблюдалось осложнение в виде пневмоперитонеума, которое потребовало дополнительного назначения антибактериальной терапии и благополучно разрешилось через 7–10 дней, без дополнительных хирургических вмешательств. Добавление в методику УЗИ области, определенной по диафаноскопии, оправдало себя в 15-ти случаях (13,0%): из них с частотой 73,0% в определенной для пункции точки выявлен край печени, и с частотой 27,0% выявлена поперечно-ободочная кишка. Выводы. 1. Чрескожная эндоскопическая гастростомия по методике «pull» с добавлением УЗ-навигации является адекватным способом обеспечения пути энтерального питания у пациентов в длительном (хроническом) критическом состоянии.2. Проведение УЗ-навигации области, определенной диафаноскопией, непосредственно перед пункцией желудка, особенно у пациентов с гепатомегалией, избыточной массой тела и у пациентов, имеющих в анамнезе оперативные вмешательства на брюшной полости, позволило избежать послеоперационных тяжелых осложнений в 13,0% случаев, что доказывает целесообразность применения исследования, как часть чрескожной эндоскопической гастростомии.3. Выполняя чрескожную эндоскопическую гастростомию под УЗ-навигацией, удалось снизить число осложнений.Background. Analysis of the effectiveness of ULTRASOUND navigation in case of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy to improve the security method of ensuring the delivery of enteral nutrition.Materials and methods. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with the technique «pull», supplemented by ULTRASOUND navigation, was performed in 115 patients with the consequences of severe craniocerebral trauma and cerebral strokes, who are in a chronic critical condition and have persistent dysphagia during their rehabilitation. Results. All patients underwent surgery satisfactorily and in a day could receive enteral nutrition. In two patients (1.7%) there was a complication in the form of pneumoperitoneum, which required additional antibacterial therapy and was successfully resolved after 7–10 days, without additional surgical interventions. Adding to the ultrasound technique the area defined by diaphanoscope, proved to be effective in 15 cases (13,0%) of them with a frequency of 73,0% in particular for puncturing points of the detected liver edge, and a rate of 27,0% revealed transverse colon. Conclusion. 1. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with the technique «pull», supplemented by ULTRASOUND navigation, is an adequate way to ensure the path of enteral nutrition in patients in long-term (chronic) critical condition.2. Carrying out the ULTRASOUND navigation of the area determined by diafanoscopy immediately before the puncture of the stomach, especially in patients with hepatomegaly, overweight and in patients with a history of surgical interventions in the abdominal cavity, allowed to avoid postoperative severe complications in 13% of cases, which proves the feasibility of the study, as part of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.3. Performing the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy under the ULTRASOUND navigation, it was possible to reduce the number of complications

Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three genomic nomenclature systems to all sequence data from the World Health Organization European Region available until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation, compare the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2

Evaluating the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Mutation D614G on Transmissibility and Pathogenicity.

Global dispersal and increasing frequency of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variant D614G are suggestive of a selective advantage but may also be due to a random founder effect. We investigate the hypothesis for positive selection of spike D614G in the United Kingdom using more than 25,000 whole genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Despite the availability of a large dataset, well represented by both spike 614 variants, not all approaches showed a conclusive signal of positive selection. Population genetic analysis indicates that 614G increases in frequency relative to 614D in a manner consistent with a selective advantage. We do not find any indication that patients infected with the spike 614G variant have higher COVID-19 mortality or clinical severity, but 614G is associated with higher viral load and younger age of patients. Significant differences in growth and size of 614G phylogenetic clusters indicate a need for continued study of this variant