8 research outputs found
Π₯ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΏ (ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ)
The high prevalence of hammertoe deformity in the population, the effect of this pathology on the ability and the quality of life allow us to consider this pathology as a important medical problem. The most common surgery is arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint with a Weil-osteotomy. Specific complication is a floating toe, which leads to overload of adjacent toes and metatarsal heads. For to correct the instability of the metatarsophalangeal joint, the flexor to extensor transfer Girdlestone-Taylor can be used. However, the use of this procedure had limitations associated with difficult surgery techniques and below the average cosmetic result of the procedure. In the study of the causes of hammertoe deformity, the conclusion of the importance of the plantar plate of the metatarsophalangeal joint was made. Plantar plate repair leads to the stabilization of the metatarsophalangeal joint, reduces the risk of developing a floating toe, leads to the restoration of the support function and normal biomechanics of movement and foot function. Simultaneously, the plantar plate repair technically complicates surgical treatment. An promising direction of treatment is minimally invasive technologies for correction of hammertoe deformity that can reduce the risk of infectious complications, improve the cosmetic result of the surgery and reduce the risk of postoperative contracture in the joint, the time of the operation and rehabilitation, postoperative pain, emotional stress for the patient. However, the technique this type of surgery is more difficult, it requires a long training of the surgeon. The potential risk of intraoperative damage to various anatomical structures increases, which requires use of special tools during surgery. The choice of the surgical procedures is based on the individual characteristics of the pathological changes in the patients foot, the equipment of the operating room and the experience of the surgeon. It is necessary to evaluate the elasticity of the deformity, the stability of the metatarsophalangeal joint, the presence and severity of concomitant overloading metatarsalgia, as well as to take into account the subjective personalized requirements and expectations of the patient.Π¨ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΏ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ β Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Weil-ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ±Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½Π³Ρ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΏΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ. Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π΅, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΏΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³Π°. ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ·Π°Π»Π³ΠΈΠΈ; ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° AOFAS Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π² 2,4 ΡΠ°Π·Π° (Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 36,1 Π±Π°Π»Π»Π°, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ 87,3 Π±Π°Π»Π»Π°). ΠΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅ (ΠΠΠ¨) ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² 4,8 ΡΠ°Π·Π° (Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 7,2, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ 1,5). ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡ AOFAS Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 1,8 ΡΠ°Π·Π° (Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 47,2, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ 85,1). ΠΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΠΠ¨ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π² 5,7 ΡΠ°Π·Π° (Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 6,8, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ 1,2). ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 87,3%. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π±Π°Π»Π» ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅ AOFAS ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 83,4. ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅
Phase Behavior of Aqueous Na-K-Mg-Ca-CI-NO3 Mixtures: Isopiestic Measurements and Thermodynamic Modeling
A comprehensive model has been established for calculating thermodynamic properties of multicomponent aqueous systems containing the Na{sup +}, K{sup +}, Mg{sup 2+}, Ca{sup 2+}, Cl{sup -}, and NO{sub 3}{sup -} ions. The thermodynamic framework is based on a previously developed model for mixed-solvent electrolyte solutions. The framework has been designed to reproduce the properties of salt solutions at temperatures ranging from the freezing point to 300 C and concentrations ranging from infinite dilution to the fused salt limit. The model has been parameterized using a combination of an extensive literature database and new isopiestic measurements for thirteen salt mixtures at 140 C. The measurements have been performed using Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) previously designed gravimetric isopiestic apparatus, which makes it possible to detect solid phase precipitation. Water activities are reported for mixtures with a fixed ratio of salts as a function of the total apparent salt mole fraction. The isopiestic measurements reported here simultaneously reflect two fundamental properties of the system, i.e., the activity of water as a function of solution concentration and the occurrence of solid-liquid transitions. The thermodynamic model accurately reproduces the new isopiestic data as well as literature data for binary, ternary and higher-order subsystems. Because of its high accuracy in calculating vapor-liquid and solid-liquid equilibria, the model is suitable for studying deliquescence behavior of multicomponent salt systems
Description of larvae of the Caucasian species Protonemura teberdensis Zhiltzova, 1958 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae)
Original description of larva of Protonemura
teberdensis Zhiltzova, 1958 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae)
based on material collected on the North-West Caucasus
is given in the paper. The main morphological differences
from other larvae of the genus Protonemura are location
and form of setae on pronotum, abdominal tergites and
cerci. Cerci of the described larva are similar to ones of
P. autumnalis RauΕ‘er, 1956 by general form and chaetotaxy.
Information on ecology of the larva is provided