QUESTIONABLE FEATURES OF THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STANDARDS IN RUSSIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

© 2020. All Rights Reserved. This article examines the practical use of international environmental management standards and also accounting standards (IPSAS) in Russia. The writers investigated the consolidated financial reports of 9 universities of Russia engaging in the 5-100 scheme. The work’s outcomes reveal the primary issue in the use of IPSAS in Russian universities: describing of net assets related to discloser of information, owners of the controlling entity regarding property and constructions held by universities based on operational management and free of charge use; eligibility and identification of income from non-exchange transactions; recording of data on essential sorts of income. As a consequence of the examination, a discrepancy between the structure and content of financial statements providing by Russian universities was distinguished. These outcomes in the unlikelihood of outside users to achieve comparable data concerning the financial position and performance of universities. The essay advocates for the idea that it is desirable to utilize unified strategies to the preparation of financial reports to guarantee comparability both with other Russian universities and foremost world universities. The writers produced the recommendations on the preparation of information regarding net assets of universities, identification and evaluation of assets, eligibility and classification of incomes, disclosure of data in the financial reporting

The Effect of Seaweed Powder (Eucheuma Cottonii) Addition in Catfish Sausage

Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is one of freshwater fish which gives low gelling capacity due to its high content of sarcoplasmic protein and lipid contents. Catfish surimi was made into fish sausage with tapioca starch as filler and seaweed powder as gelling agent. Seaweed Eucheuma cottonii have ability to increase gelling properties because of its hydrocolloid content, carrageenan. In this research, different concentrations of E. cottonii seaweed powder were added to fish sausage. E. cottonii powder improved gel strength (1816.69 g.cm), WHC (88.67%) of fish sausage without giving any effect to the sensory properties of fish sausage (aroma, flavor, off-flavor, color). The best concentration of E. cottonii powder adding was 0.50%. Fish sausage added with seaweed powder (0.50%) had comparable WHC, gel properties (gel strength, biting and folding test) and sensory properties with commercial fish sausage marketed in Indonesia. Furthermore, fish sausages added by either seaweed powder had higher whiteness degree, whiter color, and higher dietary fiber content compare to commercial fish sausage

Clinical justification for preventive surgeries for abdominal wall hernias and cholelithiasis in cardiovascular surgical patients

Aim. Clinical justification for the necessity of sanitation surgeries for cholelithiasis and abdominal wall hernias in patients intended for heart valve surgery. Methods. The study is based on the analysis of operative treatment results of 54 patients admitted to surgical department of Interregional clinical diagnostic center (Kazan) in 2007-2017 with cholelithiasis and abdominal wall hernias, who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy or herniotomy before or after an open heart surgery in cardiac surgical department No. 2 of the hospital. All patients were divided into two clinical groups. Group 1 consisted of 36 patients with a history of prosthetic heart valve, taking long-term warfarin. The comparison group included 18 patients, who at the first stage before cardiac surgery underwent sanitation surgeries for cholelithiasis and/or abdominal wall hernias. As part of the research, statistical analysis of intergroup differences was performed using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-tests. Intergroup differences were determined by gender, age and type of cardiac and general surgical pathology. Results. The analysis of the study groups showed that the average hospital stay among patients with long-term use of indirect anticoagulants was 15±1 day and varied from 12 to 19 days. The results indicate more than two-fold increase of an average hospital stay compared to patients, who underwent the same surgeries before cardiac interventions (р <0.05). Conclusion. Before performing cardiac valve replacement with planned life-term or long-term use of anticoagulants with concomitant general surgical pathology (cholelithiasis, abdominal wall hernias with a tendency to strangulate), at the first stage, it is reasonable to perform so called sanitation surgeries aimed at eliminating abdominal pathology; such approach significantly decreases hospital stay of patients, and potentially contributes to lower probability of hemorrhagic complication incidences during the surgery and in the early post-operative period

Inhibition of the formation or action of angiotensin II reverses attenuated K+ currents in type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Transient and sustained calcium-independent outward K+ currents (It and ISS) as well as action potentials were recorded in cardiac ventricular myocytes isolated from two models of diabetes mellitus.Rats injected (i.v.) with streptozotocin (STZ, 100 mg kg−1) 6–10 days before cell isolation developed insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes. It and ISS were attenuated and the action potential prolonged. Incubation of myocytes (6–9 h) with the angiotensin II (ATII) receptor blockers saralasin or valsartan (1 μm) significantly augmented these currents. Inclusion of valsartan (1 g l−1) in the drinking water for 5–10 days prior to and following STZ injection partially prevented current attenuation.Incubation of myocytes from STZ-treated rats (6–9 h) with 1 μm quinapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, significantly augmented It and ISS and shortened the ventricular action potential. It augmentation was not due to changes in steady-state inactivation or in recovery from inactivation. No acute effects of quinapril were observed.The effects of quinapril and valsartan were abolished by 2 μm cycloheximide.Myocytes were isolated from the db/db mouse, a leptin receptor mutant that develops symptoms of non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes. K+ currents in these cells were also attenuated, and the action potentials prolonged. Incubation of these cells (> 6 h) with valsartan (1 μm) significantly enhanced the transient and sustained outward currents.These results confirm recent suggestions that cardiac myocytes contain a renin-angiotensin system, which is activated in diabetes. It is proposed that chronic release of ATII leads to changes in ionic currents and action potentials, which can be reversed by blocking the formation or action of ATII. This may underlie the proven benefits of ATII receptor blockade or ACE inhibition in diabetes, by providing protection against cardiac arrhythmias

Effects of combined Abiotic Stresses on Growth, Trace Element Accumulation, and Phytohormone Regulation in Two Halophytic Species

for 1 month with an irrigation solution supplemented with 200 mM NaCl and 400 μM Cd2+ or 400 μM Cu2+ was evaluated. The effect of the combined stress conditions on hormone signaling was also assessed. Biomass production and chlorophyll content decreased under Cd2+ stress in both species, whereas Cu2+ had a lower impact on plant performance. The different plant sensibilities to the two trace elements assayed indicate that each metal has a different effect on plants. Furthermore, the deleterious effect of metal toxicity was alleviated when NaCl was added to the irrigation solution, demonstrating that NaCl improves plant performance and tolerance of halophytic species to cope with trace element intoxication. Results show that both species accumulated important quantities of Cd2+ and Cu2+ in roots (Cd2+: 2,690–3,130 μg g−1 DW and Cu2+: 2,070–2,770 μg g−1 DW); this finding allows us to classify these species among the hyperaccumulator plants. Cd2+ and Cu2+ differently affected endogenous phytohormone contents in both species. Data suggest an essential involvement of roots on the regulation of tolerance to trace elements. Therefore, indole-3-acetic acid levels increased in roots of both species irrigated with high levels of Cd2+, which suggests that the auxin may stimulate root promotion and growth under these stress conditions. Other compounds, classically considered as “stress hormones” showed very different patterns of accumulation. Whereas, salicylic acid (SA) levels in roots and leaves increased in response to Cd2+, root contents of jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) decreased. In leaves, the rambling pattern of accumulation observed for JA and ABA suggested the lack of a specific role in regulation against trace element toxicity. Together, data suggest that SA could act as a specific signal that detects trace element toxicity, whereas JA and ABA promote general responses against abiotic stress