xTriticosecale Witm, seed size, drought, germination, seedling growth.

Effect of seed size (small, medium and large) on germination and seedling growth of triticale (xTriticosecale Witm. cv. Presto) at the different osmotic potential of NaCl and PEG solutions weredetermined in the present study. Germination tests were conducted under five osmotic potential levels (-0.45, -0.77, -1.03, -1.44 MPa, and Control) of PEG 6000 and NaCl. Germination percentage (%) at 4 and 8th days and also seedling growth traits such as root and shoot length (mm), dry root and shoot weight (mg), root : shoot length (R:S) ratio, and relative water content of shoot (RWC, %) were investigated inthis study. The results indicated that decreases in the osmotic potentials caused a reduction in germination percentage and seedling growth. It was seen that drought created by PEG 6000 had morenegative effects on germination and seedling growth than that of NaCl. In consequence, the total germinability and seedling growth were higher in large seeds rather than in small seeds in control solution and under osmotic stress. In addition, it was observed that seedlings obtained from larger seeds survived even at the lower osmotic potential of PEG and NaCl; whereas, seedling obtained from small seeds did not survive in the intensive stress

Three-Dimensional Electrode Integration with Microwave Sensors for Precise Microparticle Detection in Microfluidics

Microwave sensors integrated with microfluidic platforms can provide the size and permittivity of single cells and microparticles. Amongst the microwave sensor topologies, the planar arrangement of electrodes is a popular choice owing to the ease of fabrication. Unfortunately, planar electrodes generate a non-uniform electric field which causes the responsivity of the sensor to depend on the vertical position of a microparticle in the microfluidic channel. To overcome this problem, we fabricated three-dimensional (3D) electrodes at the coplanar sensing region of an underlying microwave resonator. The 3D electrodes are based on SU8 polymer which is then metallized by sputter coating. With this system, we readily characterized a mixture composed of 12 um and 20 um polystyrene particles and demonstrated separation without any position-related calibration. The ratio of the electronic response of the two particle types is approximately equal to the ratio of the particle volumes, which indicates the generation of a uniform electric field at the sensing region. The current work obviates the need for using multiple coplanar electrodes and extensive processing of the data for the calibration of particle height in a microfluidic channel: as such, it enables the fabrication of more sophisticated microwave resonators for environmental and biological applications

Investigation of anxiety, depression and quality of life levels in migraine patients seeking surgical treatment

Objective: Pharmacotherapeutics have been used as a primary agent in migraine treatment. The detection of triggers that exacerbated migraine in recent years and the effectiveness of the surgical interventions applied in this area have been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate the depression, anxiety and quality of life in migraine patients seeking surgical treatment by comparing them with migraine and non-migraine group. Method: A total of 105 participants were included in the study: 35 migraine patients seeking surgical treatment, 35 migraine patients not-seeking surgical treatment, and 35 healthy controls without migraine. Participants filled out forms consisting of Beck Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Scale, SF-36 Quality of Life Scale and sociodemographic data form. One-way analysis of variance and Post-hoc Bonferroni test were used to assess intergroup depression, anxiety and quality of life scores. Results:Anxiety (F=6,02; p=0,003), and depression (F=10,72; p<0,001) scores were higher in migraine patients seeking surgical treatment group. In the quality of life subscales, bodily pain scores were higher (F=13,09; p<0,001); role-physical (F=14,72; p=0,003) and role-emotional (F=6,11; p=0,003) scores were found to be lower than the other groups. Discussion: Surgical treatment seeking behavior in migraine patients is associated with more severe anxiety and depression and worse quality of life. Psychiatric evaluation of migraine patients seeking surgical treatment may be important in detecting psychiatric disorders at the diagnostic level and in increasing the quality of life of patients